Test Bank: DNA technology, cloning, genetically modified organisms, stem cell research, and Human Genome
Project).
Combining the disease-resistance ability of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another is an
example of
a. genetic engineering.
c. hybridization.
b. inbreeding.
d. gel electrophoresis.
The technique that helps to ensure that the characteristics that make each breed unique will be preserved is
called
a. genetic engineering.
c. Selective breeding
b. inbreeding.
d. gel electrophoresis.
What will cut a DNA sequence only if it matches the sequence precisely?
a. plasmid
c. polymerase chain reaction
b. genetic marker
d. restriction enzyme
A method used to compare the DNA of different organisms or different individuals is called
a. hybridization.
c. cloning.
b. selective breeding.
d. DNA fingerprinting
DNA molecules produced by combining DNA from different sources are called
a. recombinant DNA.
c. polymerase chains.
b. genetic markers.
d. polyploids.
During bacterial transformation, the foreign DNA is first joined to a small circular molecule known as a
a. plasmid.
c. polyploid.
b. genetic marker.
d. restriction enzyme.
Ian Wilmut created a sheep named Dolly using a process called
a. hybridization.
c. cloning.
b. selective breeding.
d. gel electrophoresis.
A gene for antibiotic resistance may be used as a .
12. A organism contains genes from another
organism.
13. A is a member of a population of
genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
1. In , only animals with desired
characteristics breed to produce the next generation.
2. Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both
organisms is called .
3. The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics is
called .
4. A plant with many sets of chromosomes is an example of a
organism.
5. Biologists change the DNA code of a living organism through
.
6. A cuts DNA at a specific sequence of
nucleotides.
7. DNAfragments can be separated and analyzed by
.
8. Through the process of , a gene from one
organism can be combined with a gene from another organism.
9. A technique known as is used to make
many copies of a single gene.
To identify an individual by DNA analysis of their blood, investigators look for
A) primers
B) DNA fingerprints
C) probes
D) nucleosomes
The second step in most genetic engineering experiments is
A) screening
B) production of recombinant DNA
C) cleavage of DNA
D) testing
A successful vector in genetic engineering has been the
A) TMV plasmid
B) vaccinia virus
D) Ti plasmid
E) retrovirus
Humans are not affected by glyphosphate in plant crops because
A) while it is toxic to plants it is a normal metabolite of humans
B) humans do not produce aromatic amino acids
C) it is used only on those crops that convert it to a harmless substance
D) humans lack the enzymes to interact with it
E) humans have EPSP synthetase
In attempts to confer special characteristics upon plants, genetic engineers find Agrobacterium tumefaciens to
be an effective vector for use with
A) corn
B) rice
C) wheat
D) soy beans E) barley
A library of DNA fragments results from the use of
A) restriction endonucleases
B) virus
C) plasmids
Plant cells receiving Ti plasmids with a TMV viral gene encoding the viral coat protein become immune to the
TMV virus because
A) the introduction of the viral gene triggered an immune response in the plant's own immune system
B) the gene causes the cell walls to become impermeable to the virus
C) TMV does not infect cells already infected with TMV
D) in plants, the gene encodes an antiviral substance
E) none of the above
Bacterial DNA is not cleaved by their own restriction enzymes because bacteria add _______________ to their
own DNA.
A) nucleotides
B) peptides
C) methyl groups
D) glyphosphate
E) somototropin
Genetic engineering has successfully transferred genes from eukaryotic cells into:
A) bacteria
B) plants
C) animals
D) all of the above
DNA molecules can be cut into sections by using:
A) ATP
B) gel electrophoresis
C) restriction endonucleases
Genetic engineering has been used to do all of the following except:
A) make plants more resistant to frost
B) make plants more resistant to disease
C) make plants more resistant to herbicides
D) improve the nutritional balance of plants
E) all of the above are correct.
The use of bovine growth hormone:
A) has raised controversy with groups opposed to genetic engineering
B) increased milk production in cows
C) is being tested on increasing the weight gain of cows
D) is being tested as a treatment for dwarfism in humans
E) all of the above
The first genetically engineered organism was
(a) a sheep.
(b) yeast.
(c) the Haemophilus influenzae Rd virus.
(d) E. coli.
A clone is
(a) a genetically identical copy of another organism.
(b) a genetically modified copy of another organism.
(c) a genetic mixture of two different organisms.
Somatic cells are
(a) body cells.
(b) sex cells
(c) phage-infected E. coli cells.
A genetically engineered organism that can pass on its new genes to its offspring is said to be
(a) photogenic.
(b) transgenic.
(c) hygienic.
The first disease treated by gene therapy was
(a) cancer.
(b) cardiovascular disease.
(c) an immunodeficiency disease.
Somatic nuclear transfer is used to
(a) move radioactively tagged DNA molecules from one cell to another.
(b) treat diabetes.
(c) clone animals.
The first mammal to be successfully cloned was a
(a) cow.
(b) sheep.
(c) pig.
Mating organisms to produce offspring with certain traits is called
A) money breeding
B) controlled breeding
C) mass selection
Crossing plants with desirable traits is called
A) mass selection
C) controlled breeding
D) plant breeding
Mating 2 different kinds of organisms is called
A) Mass breeding
B) Inbreeding
C) Interbreeding
Humans prefer to selectively breed organisms for the following reasons except
A) Increase Species Variety
B) boredom
C) Create organisms with better traits
Inbreeding is dangerous to the offspring because
A) little genetic variety will give rise to no genetic problems whatsoever!
B) little genetic variety will give rise to the best looking offspring!
C) little genetic variety will give rise to twice the money you can charge for the offspring!
D) little genetic variety will give rise to double the amounts of genetic problems!
Methods used to produce new forms of DNA is called
A) Ring engineering
B) DNA engineering
D) genetic engineering
Moving a section of DNA from the genes of one organism to the genes of another organism is called
A) ring splicing
B) DNA splicing
C) chromosome splicing
D) gene splicing
A gentleman referred held a sign where he stated "No Thanks" to genetically modified food. In this sign, he
referred to genetically-modified food as __________________ food because it was food created by the
addition of genes from different organisms.
A) Super
B) Franken
C) Faster
D) Gene
Certain kinds of genetically engineered bacteria can produce _____________________, which is needed by
diabetics.
A) Phenylalanine
B) Insulin
C) DNA
PKU can be one day be cured by inserting genetic information of a phenylalanine-digesting enzyme from a
healthy donor. This process is an example of
A) phenylalanine engineering
C) DNA engineering
D) genetic engineering
A danger with genetic engineering is the possibility of producing a/an ________________________ organism
for which there is no known cure.
A) trait-causing
B) disease-causing
C) health-causing
D) happy-causing
The first animal cloned was in 1997, its name was ________________.
A) Dolly
B) Polly
C) Molly
D) Lolly
Another name scientists use for genetic engineering is
A) Genotechnology
B) Cryotechnology
C) Giotechnology
D) Biotechnology
What is cloning?
a. Creating a baby
b. Shielding a device from view
c. Creation of an identical copy of an organism
What can the term ‘natural clones’ include?
a. Identical twins
b. Non-identical twins
c. Siamese twins
d. None of the above
What was the name of the first cloned sheep?
a. Molly
b. Solly
c. Polly
What film did Arnold Schwarzeneggar star in about cloning?
a. Eraser
b. Terminator
c. The Sixth Day
d. Dolly
d. Total Recall
What is the process of cloning (reproduction without a male present) which occurs naturally in the animal
world referred to as?
a. Gynogenesis
b. Parthenogenesis
c. Hybridogenesis
d. Feminogenesis
What was reported as the first species to be successfully cloned in 1952?
a. Dolphin
b. Tadpole
c. Amoeba
d. Water Flea
How old was the Dolly the sheep when she died?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
Which best-selling novel by Michael Crichton dealt with the cloning of extinct species of dinosaurs
a. Pelican Brief
b. Jurassic Park
c. My Family and Other Animals
What species of extinct animal did the Australian Museum announce they were going to clone from replicated
DNA in 2002?
a. Pteryodactyl
b. Dodo
c. Tasmanian Tiger
d. Woolly Mammoth
Cloning is making an exact copy of some biological entity. So, which of these can’t be cloned?
a.
A gene
b. a rock
c. a mouse
d. a kidney cell
True or False
Scientists have cloned a human.
True or False:
If you got yourself cloned now, your clone could start showing up at work for you
What do parents pass down to their kids?
a. NOTHING
b. JEANS
c. GENES
Can genetically engineered food be dangerous?
a. NO
b. YES
In Jurassic Park, how did the dinosaurs come back to life?
a. DNA
b.THEY WERE THERE IN THE FIRST PLACE.
c. A RADIOACTIVE SPILL
Where do you put a DNA strand into when you want to clone?
a. YOUR GYM SOCK
b. EMBRYO
c. CELL
What does DNA stand for?
a. DEADLY NOXICATING ACID
b. DO NOT ANSWER
What was the first animal to be cloned by nuclear transfer?
a. SHEEP
b. MOUSE
c. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
c. FROG
Which of these are true reasons for why cloning is a good thing?
a. You can help endangered or extinct species make a comeback
b. You could clone people to help infertile people have children or to replace a deceased family member
c. You could stop many types of diseases and maybe help people live longer.
d. You could clone bologna and make it tastier
e. You could alter an animal for a special type of medicine There are no good reasons
The modification of the ________ structures of agricultural crops can increase the growth rates and even
resistance to different diseases caused by pathogens and parasites.
a. Gene
b. RNA
c. DNA
d. Protein
These modified crops would also reduce the usage of chemicals, such as ________ and pesticides, and
therefore decrease the severity and frequency of the damages produced by these chemical pollution.
a. Phosphorus
b. Fertilizer
b. Potassium d. Nitrogen
1987 the FDA approved the first genetically engineered vaccine for humans, for ________.
a. AIDS
b. Hepatitis
c. Herpes simplex
What is a gene?
a.
A pleasing personal characteristic which surely couldn't have come from your parents
b.
A length of DNA, contained in the nucleus of cells, which receives and issues chemical instructions
regulating bodily functions
c. An unpleasant personal characteristic which can be blamed on your parents
d. One leg of a pair of denim trousers
What is a genome?
a.
The complement of haploid chromosomes contained in a single gamete or nucleus
b.
The new Volkswagen people-carrier
c.
A diminutive figurine for the garden
To which of the following landmarks in human achievement has the genome project not yet been compared
by leading scientists and commentators?
a.
b.
The building of Noah's ark
The splitting of the atom
c.
d.
The discovery of antibiotics
The Apollo moon landings
What do the initials A, T, C and G stand for?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Aren't they the singers in Steps?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
Allspice, thyme, cinnamon and garlic
Anger, tearfulness, churlishness and greed
The cost of the human genome project was equivalent to:
a. One millennium dome
b. Around a quarter of a millennium dome
c. Five millennium domes, costing £758m apiece
Written out in its entirety, the deciphered genome would fill
a.
b.
c.
200 telephone directories
Enough telephone directories to fill the British Library
A telephone directory
The finished human genome sequence will be
a.
b.
c.
d.
Available for a fee on the internet as an insomnia treatment
Available free of charge on the internet
Serialised in the Daily Telegraph
Read out by the BBC on Saturday afternoons in place of Grandstand
What outcome of genetics research is likely to have the biggest impact on society in the near future?
a.
Doctors will be able to tell healthy people what diseases they are likely to get in future and whether
specific drugs will work on them or not
b. The wealthy will be able to give birth to "designer children" - but the only designs available will be an
Arnold Schwarzenegger/ Bill Gates hybrid (boys) and a Pamela Anderson/ Susan Sontag genotype (girls)
c.
Most diseases will be curable
d. FIFA will permit the FA to graft skill genes from European and South American footballers on to native
players
What causes many diseases?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Overdose of hyperbole from politicians
Stress
Tiny mutations in our genes
Supermodels
The "genome" of any given individual (except for identical twins and ________ organisms) is unique; mapping
"the human genome" involves sequencing multiple variations of each gene.
a. Bacteria
b. Chromosome
c. DNA
d.Cloning
The human genome is:
a) All of our genes
c) All of the DNA and RNA in our cells
b) All of our DNA
d) Responsible for all our physical characteristics
How many chromosomes do humans have?
a) 46
b) 48
c) 54
d) 56
Genes are made up of:
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Proteins
d) Enzymes
When a gene is 'expressed' it is:
a) Transported around the body to make proteins
b) Used as a blueprint to assemble the protein it codes for
c) Passed on from parents to children
d) Replicated within the cell Question 77.
What are the unique properties of all stem cells?
A.
1) Stem cells are specialized.
2) Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods.
3) Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells.
B.
1) Stem cells are unspecialized.
2) Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods.
3) Stem cells can give rise to unspecialized cells.
C.
1) Stem cells are unspecialized.
2) Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods.
3) Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells.
D.
1) Stem cells are unspecialized.
2) Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for 24 hours.
3) Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells.
What does "pluripotent" mean?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ability of a single cell to develop into an embryonic or adult stem cell.
Ability of a single stem cell to develop into many different cell types of the body.
Ability of a single embryonic stem cell to develop into an adult stem cell.
Ability of a single stem cell to heal different types of diseases
What is meant by "cell line"?
A. Five or more stem cells in a row.
B. Cells that can be maintained and grown in culture and display an immortal or indefinite life span.
C. Cells that can be maintained and grown in a tissue and display an immortal or indefinite life span.
Cell-based therapies" - what does that mean?
A. Treatment in which stem cells are injected into a patient to replace damaged or old tissues.
B. Treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair
damaged or depleted adult cell populations or tissues.
Which diseases should be treated by cell-based therapies in the future?
a.Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases
b.spinal cord injury
c.heat stroke
d.burns
e.diabetes
f.osteoarthritis
g.HIV
h.rheumatoid arthritis
One of the biggest problems with large-scale cloning would be the decline in genetic diversity.
True
False
If a population of organisms has the same or nearly the same genetic information, then a disease is less likely
to wipe out an entire population.
True
False
Developments in animal biotechnology could have a great impact on human health and agriculture.
True
False
The technique of bombarding embryos of livestock with genes containing the preferred traits is:
a. highly efficient
b. highly inefficient
There are minimal health risks from mutation of genes.
a. True
b. False