Conservation Management Zones of Australia
Eastern Australia Tropical Forests and Woodlands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation
Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were
provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of
Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic
community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks
Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert
Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson
(ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the
World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled
identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use
under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the
Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by
third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5
Population characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10
Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 15
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 18
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 21
Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 23
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 24
World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 26
Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 26
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ............................................................... 27
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 28
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 32
Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 35
Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 37
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ........................................................... 40
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past
and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep
spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including
Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological
and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will
assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report
on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with
local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and
socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge
and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about
regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or
governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental
assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to
engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural
resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic
landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain
only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In
future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS
POPULATION
Bundaberg
69,805
Gladstone
44,355
Hervey Bay
50,431
Mackay
81,594
Maryborough
21,801
Rockhampton
77,704
Sunshine Coast
285,169
Townsville
171,971
REGIONAL CENTRES
POPULATION
Airlie Beach – Cannonvale
7,869
Ayr
8,392
REGIONAL CENTRES
POPULATION
Bangara – Innes Park
10,048
Beerwah
4,336
Bongaree-Woorim
17,068
Bowen
8,599
Gympie
17,283
Nambour
16,251
Palmwoods
4,091
Sandstone Point – Ningi
8,038
Yeppoon
15,124
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS
South East Queensland Catchments
QLD
Burnett Mary Regional Group for Natural Resource Management
QLD
Fitzroy Basin Association Inc
QLD
Reef Catchments
QLD
NQ Dry Tropics Inc
QLD
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Other broadacre crops (including sugar cane)
$593
Vegetables for consumption
$425
Beef
$233
Fruit
$233
Poultry
$169
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$1,882
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*
Mean annual temperature
21.3 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month
30.4 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month
9.7 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall
1083.4 mm
Dominant rainfall season
Summer
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of
rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012)
Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of
Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces
version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National
Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
English
88.61%
Other languages
5.84%
Not stated
5.39%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and
sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility
for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to
assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key
environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey
(LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses
across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area
2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only.
For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228
broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame.
The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this
reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents
who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government
Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping
Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program
(ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to:
http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
North Queensland Aboriginal Land Council: www.nqlc.com.au
NATIVE TITLE AND TRADITIONAL OWNERS
Traditional Owners
Registered Native Title Body Corporate
Hectares
% of zone
The Quandamooka People
Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
20,829
0.25
Juru (Cape Upstart) People
Kyburra Munda Yalga Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
8,572
0.1
The Jinibara People
Jinibara People Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
6,274
0.08
The Quandamooka People
Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
4,506
0.05
Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013.
For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Banana Shire
QLD
Bundaberg Regional
QLD
Burdekin Shire
QLD
Central Highlands Regional
QLD
Charters Towers Regional
QLD
Fraser Coast Regional
QLD
Gladstone Regional
QLD
Gympie Regional
QLD
Isaac Regional
QLD
Livingstone Shire
QLD
Mackay Regional
QLD
Moreton Bay Regional
QLD
Noosa Shire
QLD
North Burnett Regional
QLD
Redland City
QLD
Rockhampton Regional
QLD
Somerset Regional
QLD
Sunshine Coast Regional
QLD
Townsville City
QLD
Whitsunday Regional
QLD
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification
system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and
distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation
distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation
mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types
across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums
(e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type
occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present
are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is
of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on
vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater
discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia.
For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia.
In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass
understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone
(58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical
Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately
19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only
provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
RAMSAR WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
Bowling Green Bay
QLD
33,913
Great Sandy Strait (including Great Sandy Strait, Tin Can Bay and Tin
Can Inlet).
QLD
24,893
Moreton Bay
QLD
51,003
Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area (Shoalwater Bay Training Area, in part
– Corio Bay)
QLD
(Australian
Government)
57,249
For more information on Ramsar please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Abbot Point – Caley Valley
QLD
4,911
1, 2, 3, 5
Barrattas Channels Aggregation
QLD
7,118
1, 2, 3, 5
Bowen River: Birralee – Pelican Creek
QLD
1,186
1, 2, 3, 5
Bowling Green Bay
QLD
30,547
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Bribie Island
QLD
9,924
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Broad Sound
QLD
106,759
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Broken River, Urannah Creek and Massey Creek
Aggregation
QLD
6,046
1, 2, 3, 5
Burdekin-Bowen Junction and Blue Valley Weir Aggregation
QLD
3,196
1, 2, 3, 5
Burdekin – Townsville Coastal Aggregation
QLD
43,143
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Burdekin Delta
QLD
27,341
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Burrum Coast
QLD
10,688
1, 2, 3
Bustard Bay Wetlands
QLD
10,887
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Colosseum Inlet – Rodds Bay
QLD
13,121
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Coolum Creek and Lower Maroochy River
QLD
1,872
1, 3, 5, 6
Corio Bay Wetlands
QLD
4,890
1, 2, 3, 5
Deepwater Creek
QLD
6,441
1, 2, 3, 5
Dismal Swamp – Water Park Creek
QLD
11,694
1, 2, 3, 5
Edgecumbe Bay
QLD
3,487
1, 3, 5
Eungella Dam
QLD
797
1, 2, 3
Fitzroy River Delta
QLD
60,919
1, 2, 3, 6
Fitzroy River Floodplain
QLD
19,483
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Four Mile Beach
QLD
1,888
1, 3
Fraser Island
QLD
162,494
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Granite Creek
QLD
2,806
1, 2, 3, 5
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
QLD
53,137
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Great Sandy Strait
QLD
28,318
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Hedlow Wetlands
QLD
11,093
1, 2, 3
Island Head Creek – Port Clinton Area
QLD
17,749
1, 2, 3, 5
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Jerona Aggregation
QLD
2,371
1, 2, 3, 5
Lake Coombabah
QLD
1,821
2, 3, 5
Lake Weyba
QLD
2,701
1, 2, 3,5
Lower Mooloolah River
QLD
1,410
1, 3, 5
Moreton Bay
QLD
33,435
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Noosa River Wetlands
QLD
9,909
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
North Stradbroke Island
QLD
27,008
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Northeast Curtis Island
QLD
7,186
1, 2, 3, 5
Pine River and Hayes Inlet
QLD
2,003
1, 2, 3, 6
Port Curtis
QLD
14,158
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Proserpine – Goorganga Plain
QLD
14,161
1, 2, 3, 5
Pumicestone Passage
QLD
2,412
1, 2, 4, 5
Ross River Reservoir
QLD
2,784
1, 2, 3
Sand Bay
QLD
3,387
1, 2, 3, 5
Sandringham Bay – Bakers Creek Aggregation
QLD
3,285
1, 2, 3, 5
Sarina Inlet – Ince Bay Aggregation
QLD
13,470
1, 2, 3, 5
Shoalwater Bay
QLD
41,304
1, 2, 3, 4
Shoalwater Bay Training Area Overview C
QLD
219,841
1, 2, 3, 5
Southern Upstart Bay
QLD
10,978
1, 2, 3, 5
St Helens Bay Area
QLD
7,146
1, 2, 3, 5
The Narrows
QLD
16,396
1, 2, 3, 6
Upper Pumicestone Coastal Plain
QLD
2,583
2, 3, 5, 6
Wide Bay Military Training Area C
QLD
19,596
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Wongaloo Swamps Aggregation
QLD
1,510
1, 2, 3
Yeppoon – Keppel Sands Tidal Wetlands
QLD
8,418
1, 3, 5
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major
wetland system/complex.
3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or
provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or
vulnerable at the national level.
6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more
information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
HERITAGE VALUES
WORLD OR NATIONAL
HERITAGE
TYPE
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
% OF
ZONE
Great Barrier Reef
World and National
Natural
QLD
195,482
2.38
Fraser Island
World and National
Natural
QLD
166,811
2.03
Glass House Mountains
National Landscape
National
Natural
QLD
1,866
0.02
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these
heritage values:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Name
Property type
IUCN
category
Jurisdiction
Hectares
% of zone
Great Sandy
National Park
II
QLD
223,099
2.72
Eungella
National Park
II
QLD
60,027
0.73
Bowling Green Bay
National Park
II
QLD
57,230
0.70
Kroombit Tops
National Park
II
QLD
33,232
0.40
Bulburin
National Park
II
QLD
32,601
0.40
Bania
National Park
II
QLD
32,531
0.40
Conway
National Park
II
QLD
32,058
0.39
Burrum Coast
National Park
II
QLD
25,899
0.32
Eurimbula
National Park
II
QLD
23,216
0.28
Whitsunday Islands
National Park
II
QLD
17,048
0.21
Wrattens
National Park
II
QLD
17,036
0.21
Moreton Island
National Park
II
QLD
16,610
0.20
Homevale
National Park
II
QLD
15,683
0.19
Byfield
National Park
II
QLD
14,847
0.18
Homevale
Resources Reserve
VI
QLD
13,067
0.16
Dryander
National Park
II
QLD
11,669
0.14
Wongi
National Park
II
QLD
10,995
0.13
Bribie Island
National Park
II
QLD
8,967
0.11
Castle Tower
National Park
II
QLD
8,744
0.11
Cape Upstart
National Park
II
QLD
8,578
0.10
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve
IUCN protected area management categories classify
protected areas according to their management
objectives. The categories are recognised by international
bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by
many national governments, including the Australian
Government, as the global standard for defining and
recording protected areas.
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Name
Listing status
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in
high rainfall coastal north Queensland
Endangered
42.13
1.32
Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia
Critically Endangered
29.37
32.42
Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of
Eastern Australia
Critically Endangered
28.76
0.13
Natural Grasslands of the Queensland Central
Highlands and the northern Fitzroy Basin
Endangered
5.33
5.47
Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt
(North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions
Endangered
4.79
0.16
Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and codominant)
Endangered
0.96
0.15
Weeping Myall Woodlands
Endangered
0.56
4.64
White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy
Woodland and Derived Native Grassland
Critically Endangered
0.21
0.60
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution
of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that
the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone.
Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone
in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may
be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
THREATENED MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Proserpine Rock-wallaby
Petrogale persephone
Endangered
99.81
0.48
Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo
Xeromys myoides
Vulnerable
26.61
9.66
Grey-headed Flying-fox
Pteropus poliocephalus
Vulnerable
11.38
23.93
Koala (QLD, NSW and QLD)
Phascolarctos cinereus
Vulnerable
8.16
41.54
Spotted-tailed Quoll or Yarri (Nth QLD)
Dasyurus maculatus gracilis
Endangered
4.97
0.90
Northern Quoll
Dasyurus hallucatus
Endangered
3.96
29.35
Spectacled Flying-fox
Pteropus conspicillatus
Vulnerable
2.66
2.21
Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat
Saccolaimus saccolaimus
nudicluniatus
Critically
Endangered
2.04
8.17
Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus philippinensis
Endangered
1.62
0.68
Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll
(SE mainland)
Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
Endangered
0.33
0.70
Northern Bettong
Bettongia tropica
Endangered
0.09
0.01
Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat,
Greater Wart-nosed Horseshoe-bat
Hipposideros semoni
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat
Chalinolobus dwyeri
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland)
Potorous tridactylus tridactylus
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
South-eastern Long-eared Bat
Nyctophilus corbeni
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
New Holland Mouse, Pookila
Pseudomys novaehollandiae
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby
Petrogale penicillata
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Endangered
n/a
n/a
THREATENED BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Yellow Chat (Dawson)
Epthianura crocea macgregori
Critically
Endangered
100
0.21
Black-breasted Button-quail
Turnix melanogaster
Vulnerable
26.32
45.17
Black-throated Finch (southern)
Poephila cincta cincta
Endangered
25.11
19.76
Squatter Pigeon (southern)
Geophaps scripta scripta
Vulnerable
17.36
75.76
Coxen’s Fig-Parrot
Cyclopsitta diophthalma
coxeni
Endangered
13.95
0.41
Red Goshawk
Erythrotriorchis radiatus
Vulnerable
7.95
99.53
Star Finch
Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda
Endangered
6.48
32.06
THREATENED BIRDS
Australian Painted Snipe
Rostratula australis
Endangered
5.76
13.70
Eastern Bristlebird
Dasyornis brachypterus
Endangered
2.97
1.74
Australasian Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
2.32
10.46
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
Endangered
1.51
3.30
Masked Owl (northern)
Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli
Vulnerable
1.23
5.49
Regent Honeyeater
Anthochaera phrygia
Endangered
1.12
3.25
Australian Fairy Tern
Sternula nereis nereis
Vulnerable
0.27
0.19
White-capped Albatross
Thalassarche cauta steadi
Vulnerable
0.01
0.64
Southern Cassowary (Australian)
Casuarius casuarius johnsonii
Endangered
0.01
0.001
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea exulans exulans
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Kermadec Petrel (western)
Pterodroma neglecta neglecta
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Gibson’s Albatross
Diomedea exulans gibsoni
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea exulans
antipodensis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Salvin’s Albatross
Thalassarche cauta salvini
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta cauta
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
impavida
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
White-bellied Storm-Petrel
Fregetta grallaria grallaria
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Chatham Albatross
Thalassarche eremita
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans (sensu
lato)
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora
epomophora
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Herald Petrel
Pterodroma heraldica
Critically
Endangered
n/a
n/a
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED REPTILES
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink
Coeranoscincus reticulatus
Vulnerable
100
0.04
Mary River Turtle, Mary River Tortoise
Elusor macrurus
Endangered
93.62
0.65
Nangur Spiny Skink
Nangura spinosa
Critically
Endangered
75.97
0.07
Dunmall’s Snake
Furina dunmalli
Vulnerable
11.97
1.33
THREATENED REPTILES
Collared Delma
Delma torquata
Vulnerable
8.35
1.02
Ornamental Snake
Denisonia maculata
Vulnerable
5.28
4.63
Yakka Skink
Egernia rugosa
Vulnerable
3.01
2.97
Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle
Lepidochelys olivacea
Endangered
0.07
1.69
Hawksbill Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Vulnerable
0.04
1.76
Flatback Turtle
Natator depressus
Vulnerable
0.04
1.80
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Vulnerable
0.03
1.80
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Endangered
0.03
1.77
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Endangered
0.03
1.70
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Eungella Day Frog
Taudactylus eungellensis
Endangered
100
3.62
Kroombit Tinker Frog, Pleione’s Torrent Frog
Taudactylus pleione
Critically
Endangered
99.21
0.25
Honey Blue-eye
Pseudomugil mellis
Vulnerable
99.01
0.23
Wallum Sedge Frog
Litoria olongburensis
Vulnerable
82.22
3.44
Oxleyan Pygmy Perch
Nannoperca oxleyana
Endangered
67.32
0.38
Mary River Cod
Maccullochella mariensis
Endangered
56.4
1.08
Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish
Neoceratodus forsteri
Vulnerable
38.6
1.92
Pink Underwing Moth
Phyllodes imperialis smithersi
Endangered
12.18
0.33
Giant Barred Frog, Southern Barred Frog
Mixophyes iteratus
Endangered
10.7
1.24
Mitchell’s Rainforest Snail
Thersites mitchellae
Critically
Endangered
1.46
0.01
Lace-eyed Tree Frog, Australian Lacelid
Nyctimystes dayi
Endangered
0.19
0.04
Fleay’s Frog
Mixophyes fleayi
Endangered
0.05
0.00
Common Mistfrog
Litoria rheocola
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout
Sawfish
Pristis zijsron
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper
Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Southern Bluefin Tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod
Epinephelus daemelii
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Whale Shark
Rhincodon typus
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population)
Carcharias taurus
(east coast population)
Critically
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
THREATENED FLORA
THREATENED FLORA
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
None
Alectryon ramiflorus
Endangered
100
0.19
Bulberin Nut, Bulburin Nut Tree
Macadamia jansenii
Endangered
100
0.04
Holly-leaved Graptophyllum, Mt Blackwood
Holly
Graptophyllum ilicifolium
Vulnerable
100
0.13
Penda, Southern Penda, Luya’s Hardwood
Xanthostemon oppositifolius
Vulnerable
100
0.77
Velvet Hopbush
Dodonaea rupicola
Vulnerable
100
0.08
Bacon Wood, Tulip Siris
Archidendron lovelliae
Vulnerable
100
0.35
None
Ozothamnus eriocephalus
Vulnerable
100
2.16
Mount Beerwah Mallee
Eucalyptus kabiana
Vulnerable
100
0.02
None
Neoroepera buxifolia
Vulnerable
100
0.75
None
Medicosma obovata
Vulnerable
100
0.12
Key’s Boronia
Boronia keysii
Vulnerable
100
0.10
None
Capparis thozetiana
Vulnerable
100
0.61
None
Allocasuarina thalassoscopica
Endangered
100
0.04
None
Fontainea rostrata
Vulnerable
100
1.76
Glen Geddes Bloodwood
Corymbia xanthope
Vulnerable
100
0.92
None
Medicosma elliptica
Vulnerable
100
0.13
Goodwood Gum
Eucalyptus hallii
Vulnerable
100
0.91
None
Aristida granitica
Endangered
100
0.01
None
Neisosperma kilneri
Vulnerable
100
0.53
Byfield Matchstick
Comesperma oblongatum
Vulnerable
99.99
0.06
Swamp Daisy, Water Daisy
Olearia hygrophila
Endangered
99.95
0.05
Swamp Stringybark
Eucalyptus conglomerata
Endangered
99.91
0.31
Emu Mountain Sheoak
Allocasuarina emuina
Endangered
99.9
0.29
Three-veined Hakea
Hakea trineura
Vulnerable
99.85
0.76
Wallum Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum wallum
Vulnerable
99.73
0.12
None
Acacia attenuata
Vulnerable
98.83
1.94
None
Germainia capitata
Vulnerable
98.76
3.71
None
Pimelea leptospermoides
Vulnerable
98.56
1.03
Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo
Cupaniopsis shirleyana
Vulnerable
96.8
20.14
None
Phaius bernaysii
Endangered
95.41
0.32
None
Pultenaea setulosa
Vulnerable
94.98
0.89
None
Omphalea celata
Vulnerable
92.53
15.94
Mt Larcom Silk Pod
Parsonsia larcomensis
Vulnerable
92.42
0.89
None
Plectranthus omissus
Endangered
85.08
0.28
Veiny Graptophyllum
Graptophyllum reticulatum
Endangered
84.99
0.22
None
Apatophyllum olsenii
Vulnerable
80.98
0.24
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a
significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer
to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats
Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Spectacled Monarch
Monarcha trivirgatus
Coxen’s Fig-Parrot
Cyclopsitta diophthalma
coxeni
Rufous Fantail
Rhipidura rufifrons
Black-faced Monarch
Monarcha melanopsis
Latham’s Snipe,
Japanese Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Eastern Curlew
Numenius madagascariensis
White-throated
Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus
Great Knot
Calidris tenuirostris
White-bellied
Sea-Eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
Painted Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
(sensu lato)
Double-banded Plover
Charadrius bicinctus
Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel
Numenius minutus
Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel
Charadrius veredus
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover
Charadrius mongolus
Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva
Cattle Egret
Ardea ibis
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii
Broad-billed Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus
Grey-tailed Tattler
Heteroscelus brevipes
Red Knot, Knot
Calidris canutus
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Black-naped Tern
Sterna sumatrana
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
Sarus Crane
Grus antigone
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank
Tringa stagnatilis
Terek Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
Grey Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Fork-tailed Swift
Apus pacificus
Wedge-tailed
Shearwater
Puffinus pacificus
Great Egret,
White Egret
Ardea alba
Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes
Oriental Pratincole
Glareola maldivarum
White-capped
Albatross
Thalassarche steadi
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
Rainbow Bee-eater
Merops ornatus
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea dabbenena
Streaked Shearwater
Puffinus leucomelas
Streaked Shearwater
Calonectris leucomelas
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Little Tern
Sterna albifrons
Bridled Tern
Sterna anaethetus
Lesser Crested Tern
Sterna bengalensis
Roseate Tern
Sterna dougallii
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Chatham Albatross
Thalassarche eremita
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea antipodensis
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche impavida
Salvin’s Albatross
Thalassarche salvini
Brown Booby
Sula leucogaster
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans
(sensu lato)
Shy Albatross,
Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Gibson’s Albatross
Diomedea gibsoni
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Common name
Scientific name
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Bryde’s Whale
Balaenoptera edeni
Dugong
Dugong dugon
Dusky Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Flatback Turtle
Natator depressus
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Hawksbill Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin
Sousa chinensis
Irrawaddy Dolphin
Orcaella brevirostris
Killer Whale, Orca
Orcinus orca
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle
Lepidochelys olivacea
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark
Lamna nasus
Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile
Crocodylus porosus
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Whale Shark
Rhincodon typus
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
Threatened endemic species
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Taxonomic
group
Scientific name
Reservation status
EPBC Act status
IUCN status
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Euastacus bindal
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Critically
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Euastacus eungella
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Critically
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Tenuibranchiurus glypticus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Frogs
Cophixalus macdonaldi
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Mammals
Petrogale persephone
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Endangered
Molluscs
Signepupina coxeni
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Bentosites macleayi
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Offachloritis dryanderensis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Setomedea nudicostata
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Plants
Acianthus ledwardii
Recorded in reserves
Extinct
n/a
Plants
Phaius bernaysii
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Prasophyllum wallum
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Olearia hygrophila
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Macrozamia lomandroides
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Endangered
Plants
Macrozamia longispina
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Plants
Macrozamia parcifolia
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Plants
Acacia attenuata
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Archidendron lovelliae
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Allocasuarina thalassoscopica
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Omphalea celata
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Neoroepera buxifolia
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Corymbia xanthope
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Xanthostemon oppositifolius
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
Endangered
Plants
Aristida granitica
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Macadamia jansenii
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Triunia robusta
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Boronia keysii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Medicosma obovata
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Zieria bifida
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Alectryon ramiflorus
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Endangered
Plants
Dodonaea rupicola
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Concentrations of unreserved endemic species
The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their
known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be
useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.
Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural
Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records
held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more
information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool
Invasive species
INVASIVE MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat
Felis catus
1.06
98.8
Pig
Sus scrofa
2.3
98.4
Red Fox, Fox
Vulpes vulpes
1.26
94.8
Rabbit, European Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
1.4
93.7
House Mouse
Mus musculus
2.02
87.5
Domestic Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
2.26
68.6
Domestic Cattle
Bos taurus
3.07
63.7
Black Rat, Ship Rat
Rattus rattus
3.6
48.9
Brown Hare
Lepus capensis
3.92
47.5
Brown Rat, Norway Rat
Rattus norvegicus
5.92
13.7
Feral deer species in Australia
Feral deer
2.77
12.9
Horse
Equus caballus
0.69
12.4
Goat
Capra hircus
0.25
6.6
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Cane Toad
Rhinella marina
4.2
98.8
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
2.55
91.9
Nutmeg Mannikin
Lonchura punctulata
25.23
81.7
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon
Columba livia
2.5
77.6
Spotted Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
7.11
72.2
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
2.29
60.3
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
4.68
40.4
Common Myna, Indian Myna
Acridotheres tristis
5.54
34.9
Asian House Gecko
Hemidactylus frenatus
10.4
28.5
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
0.56
6.1
Mourning Gecko
Lepidodactylus lugubris
20.76
4.7
Flowerpot Blind Snake,
Brahminy Blind Snake, Cacing Besi
Ramphotyphlops braminus
3.79
2.6
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird
Turdus merula
0.2
2.2
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
1.94
1.9
Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl
Gallus gallus
4.04
0.02
OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
INVASIVE FLORA
INVASIVE FLORA
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana,
Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red
Flowered Lantana,
Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage
Lantana camara
16.69
99.14
Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed,
Carrot Grass, False Ragweed
Parthenium hysterophorus
12.46
93.24
Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India
Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda
Cryptostegia grandiflora
10.2
84.53
Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne,
Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass,
West Indian Marsh Grass
Hymenachne amplexicaulis
25.89
71.19
Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss,
Kariba Weed
Salvinia molesta
18.77
70.88
Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut,
Bellyache Bush, Cotton-leaf Physic Nut,
Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black Physic Nut
Jatropha gossypifolia
8.3
40.53
Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn,
Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean
Parkinsonia aculeata
2.08
40.18
Bitou Bush, Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides
monilifera
5.74
39.47
Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn,
Prickly Mimosa, Black Piquant, Babul
Vachellia nilotica
5.4
36.72
Prickly Acacia
Acacia nilotica subsp. indica
2.53
35.47
Prickly Pears
Opuntia spp.
4.27
19.77
Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish
Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina
Fanwort, Common Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana
15.46
19.31
Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw
Creeper, Funnel Creeper
Dolichandra unguis-cati
27.08
18.74
Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily
Eichhornia crassipes
11.64
13.33
Bitou Bush
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. rotundata
15.86
12.97
Madeira Vine, Jalap,
Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine,
Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine,
Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine
Anredera cordifolia
11.36
12.90
Mesquite, Algaroba
Prosopis spp.
1.6
11.77
Climbing Asparagus-fern
Asparagus plumosus
18.88
7.48
Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus
Protasparagus plumosus
18.88
7.48
Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple,
Bullock’s Heart, Cherimoya,
Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood
Annona glabra
17.12
7.34
Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar
Groundsel
Senecio madagascariensis
3.96
7.08
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and
Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except
S.babylonica, S.x calodendron
& S.x reichardtii
0.76
6.08
Blackberry, European Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
0.56
5.68
Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead
Sagittaria platyphylla
4.1
4.22
Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus,
Asparagus aethiopicus
11.04
4.16
INVASIVE FLORA
Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus,
Emerald Asparagus
Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Fern
Asparagus africanus
26.66
4.02
Alligator Weed
Alternanthera philoxeroides
3.62
3.55
Mimosa, Giant Mimosa, Giant Sensitive Plant,
ThornySensitive Plant, Black Mimosa, Catclaw
Mimosa, Bashful Plant
Mimosa pigra
2.58
3.08
Gamba Grass
Andropogon gayanus
2.25
2.54
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
0.07
0.46
Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper,
Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus
Asparagus asparagoides
0.04
0.39
Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White
Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato
Weed, White Nightshade,
Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry,
Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple,
Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium
0.06
0.11
Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern
Asparagus scandens
0.26
0.06
Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass
Cenchrus ciliaris
0
0.05
Radiata Pine Monterey Pine,
Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine
Pinus radiata
0.01
0.04
Broom
Genista sp. X Genista
monspessulana
0.01
0.04
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from
the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and
NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological
Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of
management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring
and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
61.18% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus platyphylla; Eucalyptus drepanophylla; Eucalyptus crebra; Corymbia clarksoniana; Eucalyptus
melanophloia; Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia tessellaris; Corymbia dallachiana; Acacia flavescens; Melaleuca
viridiflora; Heteropogon triticeus; Mnesithea rottboellioides; Themeda triandra; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION
FIRE
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
DISEASE
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation
and encourage
uptake of
conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Limit and exclude
grazing during
drought or when
native ground
cover is in flower
or seed.
Maintain buffers
of native
vegetation
around
remnants.
Prevent
firewood
collection and
bush
rock removal.
Retain standing
dead trees and
fallen timber.
REHABILITATION
Do not plant
trees/shrubs into
good condition sites,
which should be
capable of natural
regeneration.
Planting disturbs
Maintain 80%
compositional
groundcover;
10cm sward height balance and natural
succession
minimum at
patterns.
all times.
Plant native,
Fence outside
indigenous species
canopy dripline of
only if the site shows
paddock trees to
no signs of natural
allow
regeneration. Plant
regeneration.
trees and shrubs at
Avoid cultivation,
the same density
ripping,
evident in local, good
excavation, and
quality grassy
herbicide and
woodland sites.
pesticide
Use high quality
application in,
or near, remnants. seed, of local
provenance
Avoid soil
if possible.
compaction from
vehicles/machinery Don’t allow the
remnant to become
or stock camps.
overly shrubby.
FIRE
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
Maintain and
protect paddock
trees, as they
provide linkages
within the
landscape for
wildlife.
If few mature
trees with
hollows are
present, provide
both bird and
arboreal
mammal nesting
boxes. Monitor
these regularly
for pest species.
If fallen timber
has been
removed from
remnant sites,
add coarse
woody debris
(e.g. recycled
untreated
timbers) to
provide habitat.
Monitor and
manage
densities of
Eastern Grey
Kangaroos.
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Mow/slash sporadically
and in a mosaic pattern
after native understorey
has set seed.
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and weed wiping
are appropriate weed
control
measures.
Prevent weed
introduction through
adopting good hygiene
measures and minimising
soil
disturbance.
Don’t stockpile topsoil
within
remnant areas.
FERAL
DISEASE
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile
56.01% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus pilularis; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus crebra; Acacia
aulacocarpa; Lophostemon confertus; Jacksonia scoparia; Imperata cylindrica; Enteropogon unispiceus; Themeda
triandra; Bothriochloa decipiens; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
Protect remnants
from clearing.
Protect hollowbearing
trees.
Protect standing
dead trees and
fallen timber.
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
71.96% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus siderophloia; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus portuensis; Lophostemon confertus; Corymbia tessellaris;
Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus racemosa; Eucalyptus propinqua; Eucalyptus microcorys;
Allocasuarina torulosa; Acacia aulacocarpa; Alphitonia excelsa; Maytenus silvestris; Themeda triandra; Imperata
cylindrica; Lepidosperma laterale; tussock grass; sedge.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
Protect remnants
from clearing.
Protect hollowbearing
trees.
Protect standing
dead trees and
fallen timber.
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey
58.54% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus drepanophylla; Eucalyptus crebra; Corymbia tessellaris; Eucalyptus racemosa; Eucalyptus moluccana;
Eucalyptus latisinensis; Corymbia gummifera; Melaleuca viridiflora; Allocasuarina torulosa; Acacia leiocalyx;
Banksia integrifolia; Daviesia umbellulata; Banksia robur; Micromyrtus littoralis; Themeda triandra; heath shrub;
cycad; grass-tree; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Manage grazing
practices,
including
avoiding
high-intensity
set stocking.
Allow natural
regeneration
through fencing
and stock
exclusion.
Protect from
firewood
harvesting.
Protect
paddock trees.
Avoid fertiliser
drift from adjacent
crops
and pastures.
Replant where
appropriate,
using
locally-sourced
seed.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest vegetation profile
67.62% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Argyrodendron polyandrum; Araucaria cunninghamii; Croton arnhemicus; Terminalia sericocarpa; Waterhousea
floribunda; Paraserianthes toona; Cryptocarya hypospodia; Alyxia ruscifolia; Eugenia reinwardtiana; Cryptocarya
triplinervis; Diospyros geminata; Cryptocarya laevigata; Cleistanthus cunninghamii; Carissa ovata; Asplenium
attenuatum; Gahnia aspera; tree; fern; vine.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants.
Ensure that
livestock are
excluded from
remnants, through
exclusion fencing
or other barriers.
Increase
connectivity
between
remnants.
Create buffer
zones around
remnants near
development and
agricultural areas.
Manage any
adverse effects
on groundwater
and altered fire
Fence off
remnants adjacent potential
due to nearby
to residential
eucalypt
areas and limit
plantations.
access for
vehicles and pets.
Protect fallen
timber, paddock
trees and large
trees.
Purchase
important areas
that link patches
into reservation.
Patches of the
Lowland
Rainforest
ecological
community
should be
considered
a priority for
conservation
funding.
Plant local
indigenous
rainforest species,
especially key
canopy
tree species.
Exclude fire.
Discourage the
use of fire as a
means to control
lantana
or other weeds in
or near to
rainforest
remnants.
Ensure that
managed fires
and, where
possible, wildfires
do not enter buffer
zones around
remnants.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Implement staged
removal
of camphor laurel
(Cinnamomum
camphora).
Avoid clearing
camphor laurel
using heavy
machinery.
Manage weeds.
Monitor for early
weed detection
and eradication.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Melaleuca open forests and woodlands vegetation profile
57.6% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Melaleuca quinquenervia; Melaleuca viridiflora; Melaleuca leucadendra; Melaleuca bracteata; Eucalyptus
bancroftii; Eucalyptus latisinensis; Melastoma affine; Banksia robur; Baccharis halimifolia; Pteridium esculentum;
Blechnum indicum; Schoenus brevifolius; Fimbristylis ferruginea; tussock grass; fern; sedge.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Maintain a 40
metre minimum
buffer
zone around
remnants
zone around
vegetation.
Do not place
artificial watering
or feeding points
within remnants
Purchase
remnants
of Broad leaf
tea-tree
(Melaleuca
viridiflora)
woodlands into
reservation.
Manage forestry
practices
(especially pine)
to minimise
potential invasion
of remnants from
neighbouring
plantations.
Manage grazing
practices and
stocking
Encourage uptake rates.
of conservation
Protect from
agreements and
chemical
covenants.
spray drift.
Monitor and
protect from
run-off, salinity
and pollution.
Protect from
small-scale
clearing and
fragmentation
of remnants.
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Identify
appropriate
intensity and
interval of fire to
promote
vegetation
regeneration.
Fires that occur
too early or too
frequently impact
on the diverse
ground layer,
simplifying the
structure.
Absence of fire is
detrimental and
leads to
vegetation
becoming
dominated by
rainforest
species and
shrubby species.
Provide maps of
known
occurrences to
local and state
Rural
Fire Services.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Protect from
illegal wildlife
harvesting from
orchid and
butterfly
collectors.
Avoid soil
disturbance and
increased soil
fertility.
Control exotic
pests (such as
goats, pigs and
feral horses).
Manage weeds
including
snakeweed, rat’s
tail, sensitive
weed (Mimosa
pudica), urena
burr, Chinese
burr, spiny sida,
thatch grass,
Guinea grass and
Sida rhombifolia.
Manage the
coastal brown ant,
which is
displacing native
ants, particularly
the native golden
ant that plays a
vital role in
survival of the ant
plant and the
Apollo jewel
butterfly.
Develop and
implement
suitable hygiene
protocols to
protect sites from
potential
outbreaks of
myrtle rust (Uredo
rangelii).
Epiphytes on
Broad leaf
tea-tree trunks
including
the tea-tree
orchid and
button orchid are
targeted as well
as the ant plant
which
is also cut open in
order to take the
larvae
of the Apollo jewel
butterfly.
Avoid adverse
impacts from
chemicals or other
mechanisms to
manage weeds.