REVIEW NOTES FOR COLONIALISM OF NEW FRANCE
PART I – MATCH THE COLUMNS
1.
Chief Donnaconna- Huron Chief that gave Cartier the story of Saguenay to keep him from establishing a relationship with rival tribe
in Hochelaga
2.
Kingdom of Saguenay- a native legend of a land of gold and blonde haired men
3.
Charlesbourg- a settlement founded by DeRoberval in 1541 that was lost to starvation by 1543
4.
Stadacona- modern day Quebec City, 1st settlement established by Cartier in 1537 that was abandoned due to scurvy, only 10 of 110
of Cartier's sailors survived
5.
Hochelaga- modern day Montreal travelled to by Cartier to find West Passage to China only to find the Giant Falls of Lachine (China
in France) in 1537-1538
6.
DeRoberval- French captain sent by King Charles I of France to find the gold of the Kingdom of Saguenay in 1541
7.
Pierre de Mont- granted the 1st Fur Monopoly by the King in 1603, 1st governor of Acadia
8.
Membertou- Micmaq Chief that took care of Port Royal after the French had abandoned the site in 1607
9.
Poutrincourt- early settler of Port Royal who was granted lands in exchange for profit of fisheries, he is responsible for establishing
the first farming and planting practices. He was also responsible for the Grind Mill, and Water Mill for power
10. Ste. Croix Island-1st settlement established in the Bay of Fundy in 1603 but abandoned due to the fact it was too cold in the winter
11. Port Royal-2nd settlement established by de Mont in Modern Day Nova Scotia in 1604 due to the fact it was farther in land, therefore
warmer in the winter
12. Courier de Bois- “Runner of the Woods” established in 1656 after the Hurons were defeated by the Iroquois and the French no longer
had any natives to trade with. French Adventurers from France were given licenses in the New World to Find Furs for the Company
13. Samuel de Champlain- became 2nd governor of New France, found Quebec City in 1608, first lasting settlement at Stadacona,
established Christianity in the New World, and founder of the Company of 100 Associates in 1627 (1 st Courier de Bois)
14. Cardinal Richilieu- the Cardinal in 1627 issued an edict that only French Catholics from France could go to the New World.
15. Jesuits – known as “The Black Robes” by the natives. They came to New France in 1625 and by 1635 established missions to protect
themselves from native attack
16. Ville Marie – established in 1642 in Montreal, and by 1653 became the most prominent fur trading post in the New World after King
of France sent soldiers to defend to the fort
17. Sainte Marie Among the Hurons – was established in 1639 in Midland, Ontario by the Jesuits to teach the natives, and children of
French settlers.
18. Marie De L'Incarnation – a nun that came to the New World in 1619 after a vision to come to New France to establish hospitals and
schools for young women
19. Paul de Maisonneuve – a French soldier who came to New France to found the settlement “Ville Marie” in 1642 to spread
Christianity and live in the ways of Christ
20. Courier de Bois – Frenchmen who came to New France to seek their fortune in the fur trade as they could buy and sell furs in the
name of the King. Courier de Bois were established in 1656 after the Hurons were defeated by the Iroquois at Sainte Marie Among the
Hurons in 1649.
21. Etienne Brule – one of the 1st courier de bois sent in 1610 by Champlain to travel among the Hurons. He later sided with the Kirke
brothers during British control giving fur secrets, and then returned to the Hurons who killed upon suspicion of dealing with the
enemy Iroquois.
22. Fort Sainte Marie – established in Nova Scotia in 1632, and was run by the de la Tours who continued to trade furs under the new
Company of Habitants in 1645 (A company once owned by Champlain)
PART II- SHORT ANSWERS
1) How did Champlain's “firestick”change the New World for the next 150 years?
a) In siding with the Huron he created a new enemy for France which was the Iroquois who the British now used as an ally in their pursuit for
dominance of the fur trade – Iroquois could fight for the British as they had no rules of war that bound them
b) The nature of trade changed between the Natives and French (The English and Dutch had been trading guns and alcohol with the nativeswhich the French said was forbidden because they were against the will of God (Christianity)) The gun was now desired by the Natives so the
French would trade guns only if the Native was baptised a Christian first
c) The natives reliance on the gun led to their downfall has they lost their traditions and culture and began to rely on the Europeans for their
survival
2)
In being granted a monopoly in 1608, what two things did Champlain realize must happen in order for the French to survive in the
New World
a) Close alliance with the Hurons – including conversion to Christianity
b) New France's population would have to increase, and also would have to be inhabited with civilized French settlers who would stay and make
the colony their permanent home.
(The problem was that settlers would come to gather furs and profit, and then return to France with their pelts never to return)
3) What accounted for the rise of the Courier de Bois in 1656?a) The Hurons were defeated by the Iroquois at Sainte Marie Among the Hurons
in 1649, so the French lost a trading partner of the Hurons.
b) It was cheaper for France to send out their own men to find furs, so they no longer have to pay the Hurons for the service.
4) Why were the Hurons ultimately defeated by the Iroquois at Sainte Marie Among the Hurons?
a) The Hurons had been weakened by small pox and typhus that they got from the Europeans killing about 12, 000 Hurons between 1639-1649.
b) The Hurons did not have the firepower of the Iroquois as the Hurons only recently began trading with the French in guns, whereas the Iroquois
for a long time had been trading in guns with the British and Dutch
5) What brought about the demise of the Courier de Bois in 1690?
a) They were bringing too many pelts back to France flooding the market, and bringing down the demand and price of furs
b) They were always absent from their families and farms; therefore, they were never around to help defend the settlement from attacks of the
British and Iroquois. (At one time 800 courier de bois were absent from the settlement.