Mid-Term Exam Outline 09-10
Vocabulary:
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Earth Science
Meteorology
Geology
Astronomy
Oceanography
Environmental
Earth System
Independent
Variable
Dependent
Variable
Constant
Control
Hypothesis
Conclusion
Base Units
Metric System
Meter
Liter
Gram
Volume
Density
Geologic Time
Geologic
Timescale
Density
Stratification
Relative Age
Absolute Age
Radioactive Decay
Law of
Superposition
Law of Original
Horizontality
Unconformity
Index Fossil
Half-Life
Carbon Dating
Eon
Era
Period
Precambrian
Phanerozoic
Paleozoic
-
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Radiometric
Dating
Evolution
Satellite
Filled Crater
Unfilled Craters
Mare
Highlands
Rilles
Ejecta/Rays
Regolith
Waxing Phases
Waning Phases
Dark Side of Moon
Near Side of Moon
Rotation
Revolution
Apogee
Perigee
Orbit
Inclination
Azimuth
Winter Solstice
Foucalts
Pendulum
Vernal Equinox
Summer Solstice
Stellar Parallax
Azimuth
Autumnal Equinox
Coriolis Effect
Insolation
Thermonuclear
Fusion
Angstrom
Continuous
Spectra
Spectroscope
Giant Star
Black Hole
Meridian
Zenith
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E=mc2
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Emission Spectra
Nebula
Supergiant Star
Declination
Constellation
Light
Visible Light
Absorption
Spectra
Protostar
White Dwarf
H-R diagram
Celestial Sphere
Spectral Class
Wavelenght
Spectrum
Spectral
Fingerprints
Main Sequence
Planetary Nebula
Star Chart
Ecliptic
Magnitude
Zenith
Circumpolar
Seasonal
Constellation
Hubbles Constant
Doppler Effect
Redshift
Blueshift
Topics Covered:
1. Earth Science
a. Sciences covered by the Earth Science umbrella
b. Earth Systems approach to Earth Science
2. Scientific Method:
a. Steps in Experimentation.
b. Constructing a quality experiment.
c. Proper Purpose, Hypothesis, and Procedures
3. Metric System
a. Accurate Measurements
b. Density/Volume Calculations
c. Conversions between units in Metric System
4. Experimental Analysis
a. Identifying Variables
b. Interpreting Graphs/Data
c. Writing Conclusions
5. Earth History
a. Earth Formation
b. Density Stratification
c. Geologic Time/Timescale
d. Relative and Absolute Dating techniques
6. Lunar Geology
a. Lunar Formation Theories
b. Lunar Surface Features
i. Identification/ Relative Ages
7. Earths Moon
a. Orbit
b. Phases
8. Reasons for Seasons
a. Earths Orbit
b. Solar Motion Calculators
c. Equinox/Solstice Phenomena
d. Eratosthenes
9. Our Solar System
a. Astronomers throughout History
i. Eratoshtenes
ii. Ptolemy
iii. Copernicus
iv. Kepler
v. Brahe
vi. Galileo
vii. Newton
b. Solar System formation
i. Theory
ii. Evolution from Early Solar System to Solar System today
c. Solar System
i. Layout
ii. Features of Planets: Jovian s. Terrestrial
iii. Dwarf Planets
iv. KBO, Asteroids, Comets,Meteoroid/Meteorite/Meteor
v. Scaled Solar System/ Conversion Ratios
10. Astronomy
a. Constellations and Star Charts
i. Reason for Constellations
ii. Using coordinates on Star Chart
b. Light and Spectra
i. Spectra Analysis/Spectral Fingerprints
ii. Astronomers use of Light and Spectra
c. H-R Diagram
i. ‘General Rule’ for Main Sequence Stars
ii. Identifying Characters of Stars based on Spectral Classes
d. Stellar Evolution
i. Compare/Contrast Sun-like Star and More Massive Star Evolution
ii. Reasons for Stars changing phases throughout Life
iii. How has stellar evolution shaped our Universe?
e. Galaxy and Beyond
i. Milky Way Galaxy
1. Our Location
2. Shape/Size
ii. Properties of Galaxies
1. Shape/Size
iii. Local Group, Large Cluster, Super Cluster
f. Hubble and Doppler
i. Hubbles Discoveries/Constant
ii. Doppler Effect/ Redshift/Blueshift
g. Cosmology
i. Big Bang Theory
1. Evidence
ii. Future of out Universe