Preston Walker
Questions to Consider:
1. Know the general work and findings of the following scientists:
a. Gregor Mendal
b. Edward Jenner
c. Watson and Crick
d. Cohen and Boyer
e. Erwin Chargoff
f. Rosalind Franklin
g. Craig Ventner
2. What are three main parts of a DNA nucleotide? 4-bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, deoxyribose
sugar, and phosphate group
3. What are the three bases found within DNA? Adenine guanine cytosine thymine
4. What are the DNA base pair rules? A-T and G-C
5. If one side of a DNA helix reads AAATCG what does its complimentary strand read? TTTAGC
6. How does a DNA double helix, chromosomes and genes relate to one another? A DNA double helix is the shape
of the DNA, DNA is made up of chromosomes (each species having a different #), and chromosomes are made
up of genes.
7. How do DNA and proteins relate to one another? DNA codes for which proteins the cells produce
8. What is the overall charge of a strand of DNA? negative
9. How does DNAs charge help in electrophoresis? The negative charge pushes the DNA through the gel while the
positive charge pulls it.
10. What is the goal of DNA electrophoresis? To separate the strands of DNA by size
11. What is BLAST and what does it do? A websites that reads what the genetic sequence stands for
12. What are restriction enzymes and how are they used in genetic engineering? Cut open bacteria, and allow more
DNA to join, they are used in replacing and removing segments of DNA.
13. What are “sticky ends” and how do they relate to restriction enzymes. Allows the cut DNA segment to be able to
attach to other segments, restriction enzymes cut the DNA and can leave sticky ends to let it bond to another
segment.
14. What is bioinformatics and how does it relate to the human genome project? Is the study of what each segment
of DNA codes for and the human genome project is uncovering a single DNA molecule
15. What basic characteristics are used to identify different fingerprints? Whirl Loop Arc
16. What is the difference between a latent and patent fingerprint? Latent finger prints are hidden, and patent
fingerprints are easily visible
Be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe the process of gene splicing to create recombinant DNA.
Identify fingerprints.
Read a DNA electrophoresis gel.
Describe the process of DNA electrophoresis.
Vocabulary
Amino Acid
Angstrom
Bioinformatics
Bioluminescence
Biopharmaceutical
Bioprocessing
Bioreactor
BLAST
CODIS
DNA Analysis
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Replication
Double Helix
Electroporation
Forensics
Forensic Scientist
Genetic Engineering
a) The basic building block of proteins (or polypeptides). Containing
a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl (COOH) group and a side
chain (R - of a number of different kinds) attached to an alpha
carbon atom. b)The fundamental building blocks of a protein
molecule.
A unit of length equal to one ten-thousandth of a micron (10-4
micron) or 10-10 of a meter with adenine.
a) Refers to the generation or creation, collection, storage (in
databases), and efficient utilization of data or information from
genomics, combinatorial chemistry, proteomics, and DNA
sequencing research. b) Examples of the data or information that is
manipulated and stored include gene sequences, biological activity
or function, pharmacological activity, biological structure, molecular
structure, protein-protein interactions, and gene expression products
or amounts.
The emission of visible light by living organisms such as the firefly
and various fish, fungi, and bacteria.
A therapeutic product created through the genetic manipulation of
living things, including (but not limited to) proteins and
monoclonalantibodies, peptides, and other molecules that are not
chemically synthesized, along with gene therapies, cell therapies,
and engineered tissues.
Using organisms or biologically derived macromolecules to carry out
enzymatic reactions or to manufacture products.
A container used for bioprocessing.
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is a sequence
comparison algorithm optimized for speed used to search sequence
databases for optimal DNA sequence alignments.
Combined DNA index system.
The testing of DNA samples that exists on the evidence collected
from a crime scene.
DNA fingerprinting is an individual's unique sequence of DNA base
pairs, determined by exposing a sample of the person's DNA to
molecular probes.
The process of making an identical copy of a section of duplex
(double-stranded) DNA, using existing DNA as a template for the
synthesis of new DNA strands.
The normal structural configuration of DNA consisting of two helices
winding about the same axis.
A process utilized to introduce a foreign gene into the genome of an
organism.
Involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of evidence to
solve crimes; its purpose is to create doubt as to the testimony of the
witness.
A professional that analyzes and interprets DNA samples as well as
other forms of evidence collected from a crime scene.
a) The selective, deliberate alteration of genes. b) The direct
manipulation of genes for practical purposes. c) The technique of
removing, modifying, or adding genes to a DNA molecule in order to
Pathogen
Plasmid
Protein
Transformation
change the information it contains.
Refers to a virus, bacterium, parasitic protozoan, or other
microorganism that causes infectious disease by invading the body
of an organism (e.g., animal, plant, etc.) known as the host.
An autonomous self-replicating genetic particle is usually of circular
double-stranded DNA.
A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in
a specific order, required for the structure, function, and regulation of
the body's cells, tissues, and organs.
The modification of a genome by the external application of DNA
from a cell of different genotype.