Mendel and genetics review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1.
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
a. flowering.
c. the inheritance of traits.
b. gamete formation.
d. cross-pollination.
____ 2.
Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits
a. are true-breeding.
c. make up the parental generation.
b. make up the F2 generation.
d. are called hybrids.
____ 3.
The chemical factors that determine traits are called
a. alleles.
c. genes.
b. traits.
d. characters.
____ 4.
The principle of dominance states that
a. all alleles are dominant.
b. all alleles are recessive.
c. some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
d. alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
____ 5.
When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
a. 1/2
c. 1/8
b. 1/4
d. 1
____ 6.
The principles of probability can be used to
a. predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses.
b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.
c. predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses.
d. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.
____ 7.
A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
a. 25%.
c. 75%.
b. 50%.
d. 100%.
____ 8.
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
a. hybrid.
c. heterozygous.
b. homozygous.
d. dominant.
____ 9.
What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing
each other’s inheritance?
a. principle of dominance
c. principle of probabilities
b. principle of independent assortment
d. principle of segregation
____ 10.
Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are
called
a. multiple alleles.
c. polygenic inheritance.
b. incomplete dominance.
d. multiple genes.
____ 11.
Variation in human skin color is an example of
a. incomplete dominance.
c. polygenic traits.
b. codominance.
d. multiple alleles.
____ 12.
Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
a. plants only.
c. pea plants only.
b. animals only.
d. all organisms.
____ 13.
If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
a. 12.
c. 24.
b. 6.
d. 3.
____ 14.
Gametes have
a. homologous chromosomes.
b. twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells.
c. two sets of chromosomes.
d. one allele for each gene.
____ 15.
Gametes are produced by the process of
a. mitosis.
c. crossing-over.
b. meiosis.
d. replication.
Figure 11–3
____ 16.
What is shown in Figure 11–3?
a independent assortment c crossing-over
.
.
b anaphase I of meiosis
d replication
.
.
____ 17.
Chromosomes form tetrads during
a. prophase I of meiosis.
c. interphase.
b. metaphase I of meiosis.
d. anaphase II of meiosis.
____ 18.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a. diploid cells.
c. 2N daughter cells.
b. haploid cells.
d. body cells.
Completion
Complete each statement.
19.
The different forms of a gene are called ____________________.
20.
Due to the process of segregation, alleles separate during the production of ____________________ .
21.
____________________ is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.
22.
If you flip a coin five times and it comes up heads each time, the probability that it will come up heads the
next time is ____________________.
23.
An organism’s gametes have ____________________ the number of chromosomes found in the
organism’s body cells.
24.
Crossing-over occurs during the stage of meiosis called ____________________.
Figure 11–5
25.
26.
snapdragons?
What do the letters R and I represent in Figure 11–5?
In Figure 11–5, what is the genotype of the pink-flowered
27.
Explain whether the alleles in Figure 11–5 show dominance,
incomplete dominance, or codominance.
28.
According to Figure 11–5, if red-flowered snapdragons and
ivory-flowered snapdragons are crossed, what percentage of their offspring would
be expected to be pink-flowered?
29.
Could the red snapdragons shown in the P generation of Figure
11-5 ever have white offspring? Explain your answer.
Figure 11–6
30.
In Figure 11–6, what is the structure labeled X in stage A?
31.
In Figure 11–6, during which stage might new allele combinations form?
Identify the stage.
32.
If the stages shown in Figure 11–6 are taking place in a female animal,
how many eggs will result from stage G? Explain your answer.
33.
List the stages in Figure 11–6 in which the cells are 2N and those in
which the cells are N.
34.
In Figure 11–6, in which stage does each cell have a single copy of each
gene? Identify the stage.
Mendel and genetics review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.1.1 Describe how Mendel studied inheritance in peas. NAT: II
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.2.a
KEY: knowledge
2.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF:
OBJ: 11.1.1 Describe how Mendel studied inheritance in peas. NAT: II
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c
KEY: application
3.
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.1.2 Summarize Mendel’s conclusion about inheritance.
NAT: II
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
4.
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.1.3 Explain the principle of dominance.
NAT: G.3
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
5.
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.2.1 Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability.
NAT: I | A.2
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
6.
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF:
OBJ: 11.2.1 Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability.
NAT: I | A.2
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: analysis
7.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF:
OBJ: 11.2.1 Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability.
NAT: I | A.2
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: synthesis
8.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.2.2 Describe how geneticists use Punnett squares.
NAT: I
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
9.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.3.1 Explain the principle of independent assortment.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
10.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
11.
ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF:
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: application
12.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF:
OBJ: 11.3.3 Explain how Mendel’s principles apply to organisms.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
13.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF:
OBJ: 11.4.1 Contrast the chromosome number of body cells and gametes.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b | 4.2.1.c
KEY: application
14.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF:
OBJ: 11.4.1 Contrast the chromosome number of body cells and gametes.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b | 4.2.1.c
KEY: synthesis
p. 263
p. 264
p. 265
p. 265
p. 267
p. 267
p. 269
p. 268
p. 271
p. 272
p. 273
p. 274
p. 275
p. 275
15.
ANS: B
PTS:
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY:
16.
ANS: C
PTS:
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY:
17.
ANS: A
PTS:
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY:
18.
ANS: B
PTS:
OBJ: 11.4.3 Contrast meiosis and mitosis.
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY:
1
knowledge
1
application
1
application
1
DIF: L1
NAT: C.1.f
REF:
p. 276
DIF: L2
NAT: C.1.f
REF:
p. 276 | p. 277
DIF: L2
NAT: C.1.f
REF:
p. 276
DIF: L1
NAT: C.1.f
REF:
p. 278
knowledge
COMPLETION
19.
ANS: alleles
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 265
OBJ: 11.1.2 Summarize Mendel’s conclusion about inheritance.
NAT: II
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
20.
ANS: gametes, sex cells
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 266
OBJ: 11.1.4 Describe what happens during segregation.
NAT: G.3 | A.2
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: comprehension
21.
ANS: Probability
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 11.2.1 Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability.
NAT: I | A.2
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
22.
ANS:
1/2
50%
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 267
OBJ: 11.2.1 Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability.
NAT: I | A.2
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.4.1.b
KEY: analysis
23.
ANS: half
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 275
OBJ: 11.4.1 Contrast the chromosome number of body cells and gametes.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b | 4.2.1.c
KEY: comprehension
24.
ANS: prophase I
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 276 | p. 277
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY: analysis
OTHER
25.
ANS:
R represents the allele for red flowers. I represents the allele for ivory flowers.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 272
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: knowledge
26.
ANS:
The genotype of the pink-flowered snapdragons is RI.
NAT: III
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 272
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: application
27.
ANS:
The alleles show incomplete dominance, because a cross between red-flowered snapdragons and ivoryflowered snapdragons produces snapdragons with an in-between trait—pink flowers.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 272
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: application
28.
ANS:
One hundred percent of the offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 272
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
NAT: III
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: application
29.
ANS:
It is not possible for the red snapdragon to have white offspring. They are homozygous (RR) and therefore do
not carry any white alleles. The red snapdragons in Figure 11-5 will always pass the R allele on to offspring and
therefore the offspring can only be red or pink.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 272
OBJ: 11.3.2 Describe other inheritance patterns.
STA: 4.2.1.e | 4.2.1.c | 4.4.1.b
KEY: evaluation
30.
ANS:
The structure is a tetrad.
NAT: III
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 276
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY: analysis
31.
ANS:
New allele combinations might form during stage A, which is prophase I.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 276
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY: synthesis
32.
ANS:
One egg will result. One of the four haploid cells will form an egg. The other three will form polar bodies.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 278
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY: comprehension
33.
ANS:
The cells in stages A, B, and C are 2N. The cells in stages D, E, F, and G are N.
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 276 | p. 277
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
NAT: C.1.f
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY: synthesis
34.
ANS:
Each cell in stage G, telophase II, has a single copy of each gene.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 277
OBJ: 11.4.2 Summarize the events of meiosis.
STA: 4.4.1.c | 4.2.1.b
KEY: analysis
NAT: C.1.f