Name: _____________________________________
Date: ___________________________
Heat, Temperature, and the Particle Theory
What actually is the difference between water at 20ºC and water at 50ºC?
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
How are these questions related?
Come up with a hypothesis that can answer both questions? Write down your hypothesis and
we will come up with the correct answer throughout the class.
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The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny
particles too small to be seen (known as atoms).
 According to this model, these particles are always
moving, they have energy.
 The more energy they have, the faster they move.
Heat and Temperature
So what do you think is the difference between heat and
temperature?
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In summary, heat is energy introduced into a system and is a measure of all the energy in an
object. Temperature is proportional to the amount of kinetic energy an object has.
According to the particle theory, heat is energy, and it is transferred from
hotter substances to colder ones.
Temperature is a measure of the average energy levels (movement) of the
particles in a substance.
Draw what the particles inside an object would look like if it had:
High heat/energy
Medium heat/energy
Low heat/energy
Particle Theory
1. All substances are made up of very small particles.
2. These particles are always moving: they vibrate, flip and turn around (liquids
and gases).
3. When a substance warms up (given more heat/energy) the particles move
faster and are able to separate.
This process is called: thermal expansion
4. When a substance cools down (take away heat/energy) the particles slow
down and come closer together.
This process is called: thermal compression
5. The temperature indicates how fast the particles are moving in the substance:
Low Temperature: particles move slowly
High Temperature: particles move faster
6. The temperature is the amount of heat or cold in an object. (Measure on a
scale).
What are the units of temperature? ̊C
What instrument do you use to measure temperature? thermometer
7. Heat is the thermal energy transferred from one object or substance to
another, which causes a change in temperature.
What are the three states of matter?
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
Give 2 examples for each:
1. desk, cup, etc
2. water, apple juice, etc
3.
oxygen that we breath, water vapour, etc
1. SOLID STATE
Particles of solids are
- densely packed together, therefore, have very little space between them
- held together by very strong links
- move constantly but only vibrate
- have a low level of energy
Solids DO NOT change their shape or volume.
Draw what you think the particles inside a solid object looks like:
2. LIQUID STATE
Particles of liquids are
- kept together but have a little space between them
- held together by weaker links
- move constantly: vibrate and bounce around
- have a medium level of energy
Liquids can change their shape, BUT NOT their volume.
Draw what you think the particles inside a solid object looks like:
3. GAS STATE
Particles of gases are
- kept together but have a lot of space between them
- held together by very weak links
- move constantly: vibrate, bounce around and rotate (flip)
- have a high level of energy
Gases can change their shape and their volume.
Draw what you think the particles inside a solid object looks like: