CP 3643 References are available as supplementary material at European Heart Journal online Title: Heart Failure in the Middle East References: 1. Rahim HF, Sibai A, Khader Y, Hwalla N, Fadhil I, Alsiyabi H, Mataria A, Mendis S, Mokdad AH, Husseini A. Non-communicable diseases in the Arab world. Lancet. 2014 Jan 25;383(9914):356-67. 2. Batniji R, Khatib L, Cammett M, Sweet J, Basu S, Jamal A, Wise P, Giacaman R. Governance and health in the Arab world. Lancet. 2014 Jan 25;383(9914):343-55. PubMed PMID: 24452043. 3. Mokdad AH, Jaber S, Aziz MI, AlBuhairan F, AlGhaithi A, AlHamad NM, Al-Hooti SN, Al-Jasari A, AlMazroa MA, AlQasmi AM, Alsowaidi S, Asad M, Atkinson C, Badawi A, Bakfalouni T, Barkia A, Biryukov S, El Bcheraoui C, Daoud F, Forouzanfar MH, Gonzalez-Medina D, Hamadeh RR, Hsairi M, Hussein SS, Karam N, Khalifa SE, Khoja TA, Lami F, Leach-Kemon K, Memish ZA, Mokdad AA, Naghavi M, Nasher J, Qasem MB, Shuaib M, Al Thani AA, Al Thani MH, Zamakhshary M, Lopez AD, Murray CJ. The state of health in the Arab world, 1990-2010: an analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. Lancet. 2014 Jan 25;383(9914):309-20. 4. Motlagh B, O'Donnell M, Yusuf S. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Middle East: a systematic review. European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology. 2009 Jun;16(3):268-80. 5. Organization WH. Health systems strengthening in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: challenges, priorities and options for future action. 2012. 6. AlHabib KF, Elasfar AA, AlBackr H, AlFaleh H, Hersi A, AlShaer F, Kashour T, AlNemer K, Hussein GA, Mimish L. Design and preliminary results of the heart function assessment registry trial in Saudi Arabia (HEARTS) in patients with acute and chronic heart failure. European journal of heart failure. 2011 Nov;13(11):1178-84. 7. Alhabib KF, Sulaiman K, Al-Motarreb A, Almahmeed W, Asaad N, Amin H, Hersi A, Al-Saif S, AlNemer K, Al-Lawati J, Al-Sagheer NQ, AlBustani N, Al Suwaidi J. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and long-term outcomes of Middle Eastern patients in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2). Annals of Saudi medicine. 2012 Jan-Feb;32(1):9-18. 8. Alhabib KF, Elasfar AA, Alfaleh H, Kashour T, Hersi A, Albackr H, Alshaer F, Alnemer K, Hussein GA, Mimish L, Almasood A, Alhabeeb W, Alghamdi S, Alsharari M, Chakra E, Malik A, Soomro R, Ghabashi A, Al-Murayeh M, Abuosa A. Clinical features, management, and short- and long-term outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure: phase I results of the HEARTS database. European journal of heart failure. 2014 Feb 11. 9. Organization WH. Report on the consultation on developing strategic directions for salt and fat reduction in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt.2012. 10. Alwan A, Organization WH. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases.2010. 176 p. 11. Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sulaiman SA, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Al Sayed Hussain A, Al-Mulla AA. Assessment of guideline adherence in hospitalised heart failure patients with systolic dysfunction in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. International journal of cardiology. 2014 Apr 1;172(3):e491-3. 12. Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sulaiman SA, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Al Sayed Hussain A, Tabatabai S, Al-Mulla AA. Hospitalized heart failure patients with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: a prospective study. European journal of heart failure. 2014 Apr;16(4):454-60. 13. Sulaiman K, Panduranga P, Al-Zakwani I, Alsheikh-Ali AA, AlHabib KF, AlSuwaidi J, Al-Mahmeed W, AlFaleh H, Elasfar A, Al-Motarreb A, Ridha M, Bulbanat B, AlJarallah M, Bazargani N, Asaad N, Amin H. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of acute heart failure patients: observations from the Gulf acute heart failure registry (Gulf CARE). European journal of heart failure. 2015 Apr;17(4):374-84. 14. Deek H, Skouri H, Noureddine S. Readmission rates and related factors in heart failure patients: A study in Lebanon. Collegian. 2014 (0). 15. Al Suwaidi J, Al-Qahtani A, Asaad N, Al-Mulla AW, Singh R, Albinali HA. Comparison of women versus men hospitalized with heart failure (from a 20-year registry in a middle-eastern country 1991-2010). The American journal of cardiology. 2012 Feb 1;109(3):395-400. 16. Agarwal AK, Venugopalan P, de Bono D. Prevalence and aetiology of heart failure in an Arab population. European journal of heart failure. 2001 Jun;3(3):301-5. Title: Standing is better than sitting whilst activity is better for the waistline Refs: [1] “Replacing sitting by standing or stepping: associations with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers”, Genevieve N Healy et al European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv308 [2] The researchers used isotemporal substitution analyses to estimate the effects on health of replacing time spent in one activity with time in another. Isotemporal substitution analysis simultaneously models the specific activity being performed and the specific activity being displaced in an equal time-exchange manner, while keeping waking hours unchanged. [3] “Standing for healthier lives – literally”, by Francisco Lopez-Jimenez. European Heart Journal. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv356