TUTORIAL 1
Terms & Definitions
Find a term that matches the definition or description provided.
The general ability of a host to resist a particular infection or disease
1.
The study of immune responses (immunology)
2.
White blood cells (leukocytes)
3.
B cells that are actively secreting antibodies (Plasma cells)
4.
Serum proteins that act in a cascade fashion and play a major role in an animal’s
immune response (Complement System)
5.
Coating of microorganisms with serum proteins, thereby preparing them for recognition
and ingestion by phagocytic cells (Opsonization)
6.
A phagocytic vacuole (phagosome)
7.
A vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome and a phagosome (Phagolysosome)
8.
Soluble proteins or glycoproteins released by one cell population that act as
intercellular signalling molecules (Cytokine)
9.
Soluble proteins that act as signalling molecules between populations of leukocytes
(Interleukins)
Fill in the Blank
1. Eukaryotic cells produce a group of related low-molecular-weight, regulatory cytokines
in response to virus infection. These are called interferons and they are important in
making host cells resistant to virus infections.
2. Acute inflammation is the immediate response of the body to injury or cell death. The
signs of this response are redness, warmth, pain, swelling, and altered function of the
tissue.
3. Soluble proteins or glycoproteins that are released by one population of cells and act as
signalling molecules are called cytokines. If T cells release them, they are called
lymphokines. If they are released by monocytes, they are called monokines. If they are
produced by a leukocyte and act on another leukocyte, they are referred to as
interleukins.
4. Certain body cells recognize, ingest, and kill extracellular microorganisms by a process
called phagocytosis. These cells recognize microorganisms with serum components such
as antibodies and/or C3b (one of the proteins of the complement). This process is also
known as opsonization.
5. Activation of the complement system can proceed by three pathways. One, called the
alternate complement pathway, plays an important role in the non-specific defence
against intravascular invasion by bacteria and some fungi. It begins with the cleavage of
complement protein C3 into fragments C3a and C3b, and ultimately results in the
formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) which creates a pore in the plasma
membrane of the target cell. The second pathway is called the lectin pathway. In this
pathway, macrophages ingest viruses, bacteria, and other foreign material and then
release chemicals that stimulate liver cells to secrete lectins, proteins that bind specific
carbohydrates (e.g., mannose-binding protein). This ultimately generates an enzyme that
cleaves complement protein C3. The third pathway is dependent on the reaction between
antibodies and antigens and is called the classical pathway.
Multiple Choices
For each of the questions below select the one best answer.
1.
Which of the following generally does not apply to primary lymphoid organ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
Which of the following does NOT apply to innate immune mechanisms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
Innate immunity
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
Acquired immunity
Which of the following is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
Absence of specificity
Activation by a stimulus
Involvement of multiple cell types
A memory component
Which of the following is the major function of the lymphoid system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
Cellular proliferation
Differentiation of lymphocytes
Antigen-dependent response
None of the above.
NK cells proliferate in response to antigen.
NK cells kill their target cells by phagocytosis and intracellular digestion.
NK cells are a subset of polymorphonuclear cells.
NK-cell killing is extracellular.
NK cells are particularly effective against certain bacteria.
MHC class I molecules are important for which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Binding to CD8 molecules on T cells
Presenting exogenous antigen (e.g., bacterial protein) to B cells
Presenting viral protein to antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages
Binding to CD4 molecules on T cells
Binding to antibody on B cells
6.
The role of the antigen-presenting cell in the immune response is all of the following
except:
A. The limited catabolism of polypeptide antigens.
B. To supply second signals required to fully activate T cells.
C. To present non-self peptides associated with MHC class I molecules to CD4+
cells.
D. To present peptide-MHC complexes to T cells with the appropriate receptor.