Schrag et al.: Risk factors for neonatal sepsis and death in Soweto
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Box. Maternal, intrapartum and neonatal characteristics evaluated for association with neonatal
sepsis.
Maternal
Age (<20 years, > 20 years)
HIV infection status
Syphilis infection
Prenatal care
Start date of prenatal care (<21 weeks’ gestation, > 21 weeks’ gestation)
First birth
Previous neonatal death
Urinary tract infection during pregnancya
Anemiaa
Pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitusa
Underlying cardiac conditionsa
Intrapartum
Referral for delivery from a satellite birthing clinic
Total number of vaginal exams
Duration of membrane rupture
Duration of laborb
Intra-amniotic infectionc
Mode of deliveryd
Schrag et al.: Risk factors for neonatal sepsis and death in Soweto
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Fever
Meconium stained amniotic fluid
Receipt of intrapartum antibioticse
Multiple birth
Neonatal
Birthweight
Gestational age (preterm: <37 weeks, term: > 37 weeks)
Sex
a
Underlying and pregnancy-induced conditions, such as gestational diabetes, as well as
intrapartum signs and newborn gestational age were based on documented physician diagnosis as
opposed to application of standardized study definitions. At Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic
Hospital physicians generally make clear clinical notes with problem lists on hypertensive
disorders, diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and other medical disorders, and intrapartum events
such as pyrexia, and passage of meconium-stained amniotic fluid
b
Approximated by the time between randomization on admission for active labor, and delivery)
c
Defined as any two of the following: fever, uterine tenderness, foul smelling vaginal discharge,
maternal tachycardia, fetal tachycardia
d
Grouped into the following categories: vaginal, emergency caesarean due to a failed vaginal
birth in a woman with a prior caesarean, emergency caesarean for other reasons
e
Documented administration of antibiotics after admission for active labor and excluding women
with emergency cesarean deliveries who received antibiotics less than 1 hour before delivery