ODA Final Review
Define and give examples of these terms.
Biotic
Abiotic
Ammensalism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Carnivore
Consumer
Decomposer
Predator
Producer
Community
Ecosystem
Population
Carrying capacity
Biomass pyramid
Energy pyramid
Indicator species
Keystone species
Endangered species
Pioneer species
Invasive species
Exotic species
Draw an energy pyramid. Where does the energy start (hint where do producers get their energy)?
How much energy is passed on to each level of an energy pyramid?____________________________
If you have 50 kilograms of secondary consumers in an ecosystem, how much producers would be required? (hint
work backwards).
Invasive species – how/why they are invasive or out compete native species
Biodiversity – what it is, example of it and examples of what it is not
What is the difference between annual and perennial plant?
Diagram the following leaf types: alternate, compound, rosette, simple, opposite
List 3 factors that increase population size
Describe the difference between primary & secondary succession.
Describe the following threats to species – hunting, disease, invasive species, habitat loss, which one is the
greatest?
What is edge effect and what does the does it cause?
Diagram nitrogen cycle – where does nitrogen come from, how is it obtained by plants, explain nitrification,
symbiotic bacteria (where are they, what plants), denitrification.
What is the equation for photosynthesis – use words, pictures, and chemical equation.
What is the equation for respiration - use words, pictures, and chemical equation?
How do humans influence carbon cycle (list 4 ways)?
Phosphorous cycle – where does the phosphorous come from (2 sources) and what does it do to plant life? What
is eutrophication?
Water cycle – how are plants involved (list 2 ways)? How do humans impact water cycle (list 2 ways)?
Biomes – what two factors influence characteristic of biomes?
What factors influences carrying capacity? What can lower carrying capacity, raise carrying capacity?
What is the difference between ecosystems, population, and community? Give an example of each.
Soil is made up of what three components?
Multiple choice
1. During primary succession of wetlands, which of the following would be an example of a pioneer species?
A. Cattails
B. Algae
C. Swamp willows
D. Arrowhead
2. All of the following are benefits of wetlands except:
A. Prevents flooding
B. Prevents drought
C. Helps recharge the ground water
D. All of the above are benefits of wetlands
3. The primary reason behind the historic draining of Minnesota wetlands includes which of the following?
A. Create hydropower plants.
B. Provide local regions with clean drinking water.
C. Convert land for agricultural use.
D. Increase the biodiversity of the region.
4. Which of the following dependent variables are biotic?
A. Nitrogen Content
B. Insect Number
C. Soil Composition
D. Phosphorous Level
5. Increasing the concentration of sand in a soil sample will result in
A. An increase in the nitrogen content.
B. A decrease in the pH of the soil.
C. An increase in the light intensity and the corresponding undergrowth concentration.
D. Decrease in the moisture content
7. Plants obtain nitrogen by
A. Absorption from the atmosphere
B. Breaking down ammonia originating in decaying plant matter
C. Chemically synthesizing nitrogen from urea
D. Nitrogen fixation which is performed by bacteria in the nodules
8. Organisms need nitrogen for
A. Manufacturing sugar
C. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
D. Building protein
9. Which part of the nitrogen cycle is organic matter decomposed releasing fixed nitrogen back into the
atmosphere?
A. Nitrogen Fixation
B. Nitrification
C. Denitrification
D. Nodules
10. Why is it difficult to integrate nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere?
A. Nitrogen is not very abundant in the atmosphere.
B. Few organisms can directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen gas.
C. Most plants do not require organic nitrogen compounds for survival.
D. Oceans quickly absorb nitrogen gas.
E. Living organisms quickly absorb nitrogen gas.
11. Which stage of the water cycle directly involves plants?
A. Condensation
B. Transportation
C. Infiltration
D. Transpiration
12. One way humans have impacted the water cycle is
A. Decreased soil infiltration by constructing roads and pavement.
B. Decreased transpiration rates by deforestation.
C. Increasing evaporation rates and depleting ground water sources for agriculture and irrigation.
D. All of the above.
13. When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle?
A. More precipitation is formed.
B. There is less runoff water.
C. More water is returned to the atmosphere. D. Less water is returned to the atmosphere.
14. Humans can impact the phosphorous cycle by
A. Increasing rates of acid rain due to the burning of fossil fuels.
B. Contributions from fertilizer and feedlot runoff.
C. Increases in the introduction of soaps and detergents into an ecosystem.
D. All of the above
15. Rapid increases of phosphorous in an aquatic ecosystem result in
A. Algal blooms.
B. Increases of biodiversity.
C. Secondary succession.
D. All of the above.
16. Increases in phosphorous levels are linked to which of the following aquatic conditions?
A. Increase in nitrogen levels.
B. Decrease in nitrogen levels.
C. Increase in Ph level.
D. Decrease in dissolved oxygen
18. Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of
A. Different kinds of organisms within a community of ecosystem.
B. Different versions of the same gene in an ecological community.
C. Sizes, colors, and shapes of organisms within an ecological community.
D. Niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community.