Date
Name
Reg No
Course
Practical Gp
Assessment of Respiratory function in man
STUDENT REPORT & ANSWER SHEET
Instructions:
Attendance of the practical session is mandatory and you should use only the results from your observations made during 1
the practical. The completed write-ups are due within seven days after the practical at the time and place that will be
announced in class. Any delay in handing in the write up will be result in marks deduction. Please answer the questions
that follow and enter your experimental findings in the spaces provided. In the multiple choice questions, indicate the
correct answers only.
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Clinical examination of the chest is carried out in the following order
Inspection
Palpation
Ascultation
Percussion
Palpation
Inspection
Ascultation
Percussion
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Ascultation
Palpation
Percussion
Ascultation
Inspection
Ascultation
Palpation
Inspection
Percussion
2.
Which of the chest expands most during quiet breathing
a) Upper
b) Middle
c) Lower
3.
During palpation of the chest, one may feel vibrations through the chest wall called
a) Resonance
b) Fremitus
c) Bruit
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Percussion over the heart or liver
Produces a dull sound
Produces a sound similar to that over the lung apices
Changes in pitch during the phases of breathing
Is described as resonant
Is described as “stony dull”
Ascultation of normal breath sounds at the lung bases reveal
Inspiration sound that is longer than the expiration sound
An inspiration sound that is equal in length to the expiration sound
Inspiration sound that is seamlessly continuous with the expiration sound
An expiration sound that is louder than the inspiration sound
A distinct pause between inspiration and expiration
Vesicular breathing and bronchial breathing differ by
Vesicular breath sounds is louder
Vesicular breath sounds has crepitations added
Bronchial breaths has a distinct pause between inspiration and expiration
Bronchial breathing has shorter duration
e) Bronchial breathing is normal over the lung bases
7.
How does vesicular and bronchial breath sounds compare. Use the table below to describe the
characteristics of vesicular and bronchial breath sounds and highlight their differences.
Attribute
Vesicular breathing
Bronchial breathing
Relative period of
time heard
2
Heard throughout
the mechanical
chest movement
Loudness
Pitch
Pause between
inspiration and
expiration phases
8.
From the diagram below name the parts labelled A to D from the list provided by writing the number
against the name in the appropriate
1.
Filter
7
A
2.
Mouth piece
3.
Bell spirometer
6
B
4.
Pre-amplifier
5.
Respirometer pod
C
1
6.
Flow head
7.
Plastic tubing
D
2
3
9.
Functions or purposes of the identified structures
A
B
C
D
10.
Which respiratory volume is not measurable by spirometry
Record of experimental findings
Enter the values of the Respiratory parameters obtained during the experiment and their correct
units in the appropriate column.
Respiratory parameter
Abbreviation
Units
Experimental &
calculated
value
Individual
Respiratory Rate
f
Tidal Volume
VT
Expired Minute volume
VE
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
IRV
Inspiratory Capacity
IC
Expiratory Reserve Volume
ERV
Expiratory Capacity
EC
Vital Capacity
VC predicted
VC measured
Residual Volume
RV = VC x 0.25
Total Lung Capacity
TLC = VC + RV
Functional Residual Capacity
FRC
Peak Inspiratory Flow
PIF
Peak Expiratory Flow
PEF
Forced Vital Capacity
FVC
Forced Expired Volume in 1 sec
FEV1
FEV1/FVC (Percentage)
Group average FEV1
Gp Average
4
Forced Respiration (FEV and FVC)
11.
How is FEV1 and the FEV1/VC ratio affected by
a. Resistance to air-flow
b. Restriction of lung expansion
5
Breath holding duration during various respiratory activities.
Condition
Breath hold duration (sec)
Following Stable normal breathing
Breath hold after inhalation
Breath hold after exhalation
12.
Explain the differences in the duration of breath holding (after inhalation and after
exhalation) and describe the physiological mechanisms involved:
Condition
Breath hold duration (sec)
After hyperventilating for 30 seconds
Breath hold after inhalation
Breath hold after expiration
13.
Explain the differences in the duration of breath holding (where the procedure
is preceded by quiet breathing and when preceded by hyperventilation) and describe
the physiological mechanisms involved:
The effect of hyperventilation on breathing rate
Condition
Breathing rate (breaths/min)
Normal breathing
First minute after Hyperventilation
14.
Describe and explain the changes in the rate of breathing observed.
To support your answers, please attach copies of the PowerLab zoom window tracings showing:
a. Lung volumes and capacities
b. Flow and Volume channels during the forced breathing experiment
6