Multiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression
1. Which of the following is the “Central Dogma” of cell biology?
a. DNA – Nucleic Acid – Protein – Amino Acid
b. Prokaryote – Bacteria - Eukaryote
c. Atom – Molecule - Organelle
d. DNA – RNA - Protein
2. A gene is
a. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
b. A sequence of amino acids that codes for a protein.
c. A sequence of codons that code for nucleic acids.
d. The end product of transcription and translation.
3. The process of producing a protein from a specific sequence of nucleic acid is
known as
a. Gene sequencing
b. Gene expression
c. Gene splicing
d. Gene transduction
4. All of the cells in a eukaryotic organism (with the exception of reproductive
cells)
a. Contain the same genome
b. Express the same genes
c. Produce the same transcription factors
d. Both B and C
5. In eukaryotic organisms, gene expression is complex and highly regulated
because
a. Eukaryotic organisms contain many different types of specialized cells
that perform a variety of functions.
b. Different types of cells have to work together and must be able to
respond to intercellular chemical signals.
c. Eukaryotes have more complex chromosomes that require multiple
levels of regulation.
d. All of the above
6. The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes which of the
following
a. Replication
b. Transcription
c. Translation
d. Both B and C
7. Transcription and translation occur in
a. Prokaryotes only
b. Eukaryotes only
c. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
d. Bacteria only
8. Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in RNA transcription?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. RNA Polymerase
d. tRNA
9. In eukaryotes, RNA transcription takes place in the
a. Nucleus
b. Cytoplasm
c. Ribosome
d. Golgi Apparatus
10. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes where does translation take place?
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Ribosomes
d. Golgi Apparatus
11. A codon is a 3 base sequence of DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific
a. RNA molecule
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleic Acid
d. Amino Acid
12. Amino acids bond together in a chain to form
a. a monomer
b. a lipid molecule
c. a protein molecule
d. a carbohydrate molecule
13. Proteins have a variety of functions including
a. immune function
b. structural support
c. enzymatic activity
d. all of the above
14. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into a structure called
a. Chitin
b. Chromatin
c. Ribozymes
d. Nuclear pores
15. In order for RNA transcription to occur in eukaryotic cells
a. 5’ caps and 3’ poly A tails must be added to the molecule
b. a repressor must be removed from the operator sequence
c. the gene that is being transcribed must be unpacked from the
chromatin
d. the entire genome must be exposed to DNA polymerase
16. Transcription factors
a. Are proteins that bind to a DNA sequence near the promoter region
b. Help regulate which genes are expressed
c. Are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
17. During pre-mRNA modification, what is added to the 3’ end of a pre-mRNA
molecule
a. A modified guanine cap
b. A poly A tail
c. An intronic segment
d. A DNA analog
18. The noncoding regions of genes are called
a. chromatin
b. exons
c. introns
d. extrons
19. RNA splicing
a. Removes exons and joins introns
b. Removes introns and joins exons
c. Removes 3’ poly A tails and 5’ caps
d. Removes codons and joins noncoding regions
20. Which of the following allows the same gene sequence to code for different
proteins?
a. Chromatin modifying enzymes exposing different areas of the genome
b. Redundancy in the genetic code
c. Removal of replicons from the transcript
d. Alternative RNA splicing
21. As the final mRNA product leaves the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm for
translation it must pass through
a. A semi-permeable cell membrane
b. A protein vesicle
c. The Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. The nuclear pore
22. The nuclear pore helps regulates gene expression by
a. Ensuring only mRNA’s with 5’ caps and 3’ poly-A tails enter the
cytoplasm
b. Allowing unmodified preRNA to exit the nucleus
c. Preventing genetic information from leaving the nucleus
d. Regulating the transcription of DNA
23. Once an mRNA molecule enters the cytoplasm
a. It remains in the cytoplasm indefinitely
b. It is modified by removal of introns
c. It can be translated by ribosomes
d. It must be sent to the Endoplasmic Reticulum for labeling
24. When mRNA is no longer needed to make proteins
a. It returns to the nucleus through the nuclear pore
b. It is converted into rRNA
c. It is broken down by hydrolytic enzymes
d. It remains in the cytoplasm indefinitely
25. A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma
membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein’s pathway in the
cell?
a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  Golgi apparatus vesicle 
plasma membrane
b. Nucleus  vesicle  rough endoplasmic reticulumplasma
membrane
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleus vesicle plasma
membrane
d. Rough endoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusvesicle plasma
membrane
26. The endoplasmic reticulum can label proteins with a carbohydrate molecule
that signals
a. the gene sequence of the protein
b. when a protein will be broken down
c. the secondary structure of the protein
d. cell specialization
27. If a protein is no longer in use or is damaged
a. It may be broken down by hydrolytic enzymes
b. It will most likely cause cell death
c. It undergoes reverse synthesis
d. It will remain in the cell indefinitely
28. A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene is called a
a. replication
b. transformation
c. mutation
d. perforation
29. A mutagen is a
a. mutated cell
b. physical or chemical agent that can change the DNA of an organism
c. nonfunctioning gene
d. mutation that alters the reading frame of a gene
30. Which of the following are examples of mutagens?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Harmful chemicals
c. UV rays
d. All of the above
31. An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide base in a gene sequence can cause a
a. frameshift mutation
b. substitution mutation
c. transformational mutation
d. subliminal mutation
32. Almost 90% of the DNA in humans
a. Codes for proteins
b. Contains exons
c. Is termed junk DNA because it does not code for proteins
d. Is altered by pre-mRNA processing
33. Which of the following would most likely result in a silent mutation?
a. A mutation that changes the codon but does not alter the amino acid
sequence
b. A mutation in junk DNA
c. A mutation in an exon
d. A and B only
34. When would a mutation be considered beneficial?
a. When it is silent
b. When it occurs spontaneously
c. When it gives an individual a survival advantage
d. When its phenotypic effect is masked
35. A mutation in the region of DNA that binds to a transcription factor would
most likely directly affect
a. DNA replication
b. RNA transcription
c. RNA splicing
d. Translation
Answers
1. d
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. d
6. d
7. c
8. d
9. a
10. c
11. d
12. c
13. d
14. b
15. c
16. e
17. b
18. c
19. b
20. d
21. d
22. a
23. c
24. c
25. d
26. b
27. a
28. c
29. b
30. d
31. a
32. c
33. d
34. c
35. b