Unit 4: Motion & Forces Study Guide – ESPS
Name: ___________________________________________ Period: ______ Date: ___________
1. The distance traveled by an object divided by the time it takes to travel that distance is
called
2. On a distance vs. time graph, the line of an object at rest is a
3. The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity includes
4. An example of helpful friction is
a. car tires wearing out.
b. getting holes in your socks.
c. writing on paper with a pen.
d. scraping your knee on the floor.
5. Friction is defined as the
6. An object is in motion when
7. Force is a quantity made up of
8. Which is an example of balanced forces acting on an object?
a. a kangaroo jumping
c. a person standing on the ground
b. a car turning a corner
d. a person pushing a sofa
9. Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by
10. Which is an example of kinetic friction?
a. friction between a car’s windshield and the air as you drive into the wind
b. friction between your shoes and the ground when you stand still
c. friction between a sticky note and the page of a book as it marks your place
d. friction between your skin and a pencil as it rests in your palm
11. In order to determine speed, you must know
12. An airplane is flying at 635 mi/h at an altitude of 35,000 ft. It is currently over Kansas
and is approximately 16 min ahead of its scheduled arrival time. What is its velocity?
13. Which of the following does not indicate velocity?
a. 14 ft/s SSE
b. 40 mi/h toward the town square along the main street
c. 80 km/h going from New York toward New Jersey
d. 28 miles from Los Angeles to Catalina Island
14. When an object slows down, its acceleration is
15. If the net force acting on a stationary object is zero, then the object will
16. Displacement
a. must be in a particular direction.
b. is the change in position of an object.
c. must be a straight line.
d. All of the above
17. The force of gravity, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak
nuclear force are considered
18. On a speed vs. time graph, constant acceleration is represented by a
19. The friction between the bristles of your toothbrush and the surfaces of your teeth is an
example of
a. rolling friction.
c. helpful friction.
b. static friction.
d. All of the above
20. Which straight-line acceleration indicates an increase in speed?
a. 0 m/s2
c. 4 m/s2
2
b. –15 m/s
d. All of the above
21. Because the speed of an object can change from one instant to the next, dividing the total
distance covered by the time of travel gives
22. Velocity describes both speed and
23. Acceleration can be determined from a velocity vs. time graph by calculating the line’s
24. One way to reduce friction in a car engine is to add a(n)
25. The change in the position of an object is called
26. On a distance vs. time graph, distance is usually the _______________________
variable.
27. The force of gravity, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak
nuclear force are examples of
28. The combination of all forces acting on an object is the
29. When the net force on an object is greater than _______________________, the object
will accelerate in the direction of the greater force.
30. Static friction is usually greater than
31. When an object covers equal distances in equal amounts of time, it is moving at a(n)
_______________________ speed.
32. Acceleration is the rate at which _______________________ changes.
33. In order to determine if an object is moving, you must observe the object in relation to
a(n) _______________________.
34. Speed measured in an infinitely small time interval is
35. On a distance vs. time graph, time is represented on the x-axis as the
_______________________ variable.
36. A(n) _______________________ line on a velocity vs. time graph means that the
velocity changes by the same amount over each time interval.
37. The friction between a book at rest and the desk it is lying on is an example of
_______________________ friction.
38. Baseball players wear batting gloves to increase
39. An action exerted on a body to change its state of rest or motion is a(n)
40. In the acceleration equation, the change in an object’s velocity is represented by the
symbol
Math Problems:
41. A boat is traveling north at 13.4 m/s. The captain walks north on the deck at 1.3 m/s.
What is her resultant velocity?
42. How far can a caterpillar, traveling at 0.05 m/s, move in 3 min?
43. A powerboat accelerates along a straight path from 0 km/h to 99.8 km/h in 10.0 s. Find
the average acceleration of the boat in meters per second squared.
44. A tennis player serves a ball that accelerates at an average rate of 21.2 m/s2. How long
does it take for the ball to speed up from 10.5 m/s to 20.5 m/s?
45. In your own words, explain the similarities and differences between velocity and
acceleration.
46. How long does it take for a fly traveling at 9.1 m/s to fly 100.0 m?
47. Find the velocity, in kilometers per hour, of a dolphin that swims 55 m in
5.0 s.
48. During a race, a sprinter increases his speed from 5.0 m/s to 7.5 m/s over a period of
1.25s. What is the sprinter’s average acceleration during this period?
49. A coin falls from rest from the balcony of a building. If it takes 2.7 s for it to hit the
ground, what is the final velocity of the coin?
50. A race car travels around a circular track. Explain why the car is accelerating even though
the driver maintains a constant speed.
Unit 4: Motion & Forces Study Guide – ESPS
KEY
Name: ___________________________________________ Period: ______ Date: ___________
1. The distance traveled by an object divided by the time it takes to travel that distance is
called
AVERAGE SPEED
2. On a distance vs. time graph, the line of an object at rest is a
FLAT LINE WITH SLOPE OF ZERO
3. The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity includes
DIRECTION
4. An example of helpful friction is
a. car tires wearing out.
C. writing on paper with a pen.
b. getting holes in your socks.
D. scraping your knee on the floor.
5. Friction is defined as the
FORCE THAT OPPOSES MOTION BETWEEN 2 SURFACES THAT ARE
TOUCHING
6. An object is in motion when
THE OBECT CHANGES POSITION RELATIVE TO A FRAME OF REFERENCE
7. Force is a quantity made up of
MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION
8. Which is an example of balanced forces acting on an object?
a. a kangaroo jumping
c. a person standing on the ground
b. a car turning a corner
d. a person pushing a sofa
9. Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by
TIME
10. Which is an example of kinetic friction?
a. friction between a car’s windshield and the air as you drive into the wind
b. friction between your shoes and the ground when you stand still
c. friction between a sticky note and the page of a book as it marks your place
d. friction between your skin and a pencil as it rests in your palm
11. In order to determine speed, you must know
BOTH TIME & DISTANCE
12. An airplane is flying at 635 mi/h at an altitude of 35,000 ft. It is currently over Kansas
and is approximately 16 min ahead of its scheduled arrival time. What is its velocity?
CANNOT BE DETERMINED WITHOUT KNOWING DIRECTION
13. Which of the following does not indicate velocity?
a. 14 ft/s SSE
b. 40 mi/h toward the town square along the main street
c. 80 km/h going from New York toward New Jersey
d. 28 miles from Los Angeles to Catalina Island
14. When an object slows down, its acceleration is
NEGATIVE
15. If the net force acting on a stationary object is zero, then the object will
REMAIN AT REST
16. Displacement
a. must be in a particular direction.
b. is the change in position of an object.
c. must be a straight line.
d. All of the above
17. The force of gravity, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak
nuclear force are considered
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES
18. On a speed vs. time graph, constant acceleration is represented by a
STRAIGHT LINE
19. The friction between the bristles of your toothbrush and the surfaces of your teeth is an
example of
a. rolling friction.
C. helpful friction.
b. static friction.
D. All of the above
20. Which straight-line acceleration indicates an increase in speed?
a. 0 m/s2
c. 4 m/s2
2
b. –15 m/s
d. All of the above
21. Because the speed of an object can change from one instant to the next, dividing the total
distance covered by the time of travel gives
AVERAGE SPEED
22. Velocity describes both speed and
DIRECTION
23. Acceleration can be determined from a velocity vs. time graph by calculating the line’s
SLOPE
24. One way to reduce friction in a car engine is to add a(n)
LUBRICANT
25. The change in the position of an object is called
DISPLACEMENT
26. On a distance vs. time graph, distance is usually the ____DEPENDENT____ variable.
27. The force of gravity, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak
nuclear force are examples of
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES
28. The combination of all forces acting on an object is the
NET FORCE
29. When the net force on an object is greater than _______ZERO_________, the object will
accelerate in the direction of the greater force.
30. Static friction is usually greater than
KINETIC FRICTION
31. When an object covers equal distances in equal amounts of time, it is moving at a(n)
____CONSTANT_____________ speed.
32. Acceleration is the rate at which _____VELOCITY__________ changes.
33. In order to determine if an object is moving, you must observe the object in relation to
a(n)
FRAME OF REFERENCE
34. Speed measured in an infinitely small time interval is
INSTANTEOUS SPEED
35. On a distance vs. time graph, time is represented on the x-axis as the
_______CONSTANT______ variable.
36. A(n) ____STRAIGHT___________ line on a velocity vs. time graph means that the
velocity changes by the same amount over each time interval.
37. The friction between a book at rest and the desk it is lying on is an example of
________STATIC__________ friction.
38. Baseball players wear batting gloves to increase
FRICTION
39. An action exerted on a body to change its state of rest or motion is a(n)
FORCE
40. In the acceleration equation, the change in an object’s velocity is represented by the
symbol
DELTA V
Math Problems:
41. A boat is traveling north at 13.4 m/s. The captain walks north on the deck at 1.3 m/s.
What is her resultant velocity?
15 m/s north
42. How far can a caterpillar, traveling at 0.05 m/s, move in 3 min?
9m
43. A powerboat accelerates along a straight path from 0 km/h to 99.8 km/h in 10.0 s. Find
the average acceleration of the boat in meters per second squared.
2.77 m/s2
44. A tennis player serves a ball that accelerates at an average rate of 21.2 m/s2. How long
does it take for the ball to speed up from 10.5 m/s to 20.5 m/s?
0.472s
45. In your own words, explain the similarities and differences between velocity and
acceleration.
BOTH INVOLVE CHANGE OVER TIME HOWEVER VELOCITY IS THE RATE OF
CHANGE OF AN OBJECT’S DISPLACEMENT WHERE AS ACCELERATION IS
THE RATE OF CHANGE OF THE OBJECTS VELOCITY
46. How long does it take for a fly traveling at 9.1 m/s to fly 100.0 m?
11 s
47. Find the velocity, in kilometers per hour, of a dolphin that swims 55 m in
5.0 s.
40 km/h
48. During a race, a sprinter increases his speed from 5.0 m/s to 7.5 m/s over a period of
1.25s. What is the sprinter’s average acceleration during this period?
2.0 m/s2
49. A coin falls from rest from the balcony of a building. If it takes 2.7 s for it to hit the
ground, what is the final velocity of the coin?
26m/s
50. A race car travels around a circular track. Explain why the car is accelerating even though
the driver maintains a constant speed.
CIRCULAR MOTION  CONSTANT CHANGE IN DIRECTION – CHANGE IN
ACCELERATION = CHANGE IN SPEED, DIRECTION, OR BOTH