DR HUGH KIRKMAN
PhD, MAgSc, BAgSc
CURRICULUM VITAE
Principal Marine Ecologist
Hugh is a Principal Marine Ecologist with significant experience in
marine systems and processes throughout Australia and
Internationally. He has published 41 scientific papers in
international journals, nine book chapters and nearly 50 reports.
Hugh currently maintains numerous positions on expert review
panels, government advisory committees and scientific working
groups. His expertise is often required where major projects pose
significant risks to sensitive marine environments, such as seagrass
meadows, coral and algal dominated reefs and mangrove
communities.
Qualifications + accreditations
~
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~
~
Ph.D. University of Western Australia, 1983.
M. Ag. Sc. Queensland University, 1974.
B. Ag. Sc. Queensland University, 1970.
Post grad. course Atomic Energy Commission
1977.
~ Post grad. course (Marine algae) Adelaide
University, 1980.
~ ADAS Part I & Part II Commercial Diver (AS2815)
~ Third class commercial wireless operator's
certificate
~ Victorian car, motor cycle and truck driver's
licence
~ Commercial Vessel Coxswains Ticket
~ Certified Reef Check Scientific Driver
~ Speaks and understands French
Relevant work history
Marine Science and Ecology
Principal Marine Scientist (2006 – 2014)
Melbourne, Victoria
~ Member of government mandated panel for
marine environmental oversight of INPEX
dredging in Darwin Harbour.
~ Member of the Scientific Working Group for
Marine Protected Areas in South Australia.
~ Invited expert at APEC workshop on
transboundary coastal management at
Xiamen.
~ Invited expert on environmental issues in the
South China Sea, UNEP workshop in Bangkok.
Hugh Kirkman has more than
37 years of marine research
and consulting experience.
He is considered to be a
world authority on seagrass
ecology and biology. His
specialist technical
knowledge is critical in
effectively evaluating and
managing significant project
risks to sensitive marine
environments.
~ Consultant to government and private sector on
marine environmental matters, particularly
seagrass and benthic communities.
~ Experienced in work in SE Asia concerning
environmental management, policy making,
marine habitats and mapping.
~ Senior investigator for the review of mangrove
transplanting in Western Port Bay, for Western
Port Seagrass Partnership.
~ Senior investigator for the Domgas Pipeline
Chevron Project on NW Shelf, field work and
habitat analysis.
~ Member of the Board of Review for the Port of
Melbourne Dredging Project including leading a
team to determine seagrass and kelp trigger
points for dredging in Port Phillip Bay.
~ Commissioned to develop a Strategic Plan for
South East Asian Global Ocean Observing System
for the Western Pacific Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and
projects for IOC/WESTPAC
UNEP Regional Seas Programme
Coordinator (1998 –2003) Bangkok
~ Coordinator for the secretariat of the
Coordinating Body of the Seas of East Asia
(COBSEA)
~ Leader of a successful application for South China
Sea UNEP/GEF project $US 32 m
~ Initiated a successful application for SIDA funding
of COBSEA secretariat $US 300k/y
Policy and planning acceptance by member
countries
DR HUGH KIRKMAN PhD, MAgSc, BAgSc
Principal Marine Ecologist
~ Consultative Committee Department of
CSIRO - Marine & Atmospheric Research
Principle Research Scientist (1973 – 1998)
CURRICULUM VITAE
~ Specialised in seagrass ecology and biology,
kelp biology and industrial uses for seaweed.
~ Led the Eutrophication Programme and
mapped all the marine underwater features
of the southern Australian coastline.
~ Remote sensing and habitat mapping
underwater features of southern Australia
~ Restoration and creation of seagrass
meadows.
~ Supervisor of seagrass, saltmarsh and
mangrove projects, for the CSIRO Jervis Bay
Environmental Study.
~ Study of botanical habitat of Western Rock
Lobster. Detrital, nutrient flow and seagrass
biology.
~ Study of algae and seagrasses on WA coast.
Reef. CSIRO Ecology Program.
~ Ecosystem Program CSIRO Marine
Laboratories, Cronulla, NSW.
~ East Coast Prawn Project and Seagrass
Program. CSIRO. Fisheries Laboratories,
Deception Bay, Qld.
Committees
~ Western Port Seagrass Partnership 2010,
Director–present
~ Community Liaison Committee City West Water
2010–present
~ Port of Melbourne Scientific Steering Committee
supplementary EES 2007–2008.
~ Scientific Working Group for SA Representative
System of Marine Protected Areas, 2005 to
present
~ Spencer Gulf Regional Consultative Committee
Scientific Group, 2005
~ Working Group for Mapping of Biodiversity,
Ranong Research Centre, 2003
~ UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project Regional
Working Group for Seagrass 2002
~ GIWA Experts Committee on GIWA Methodology
in East Asian Seas 1999–2001
~ Standards Australia SF 17 Committee for
Occupational Diving. 1989–1998
~ Western Australian Land Information System
(WALIS) Advisory Committee. Dept. Land
Administration WA 1995–1997.
~ Visiting Committee. Geography Dept. The
University of Western Australia.
Environmental Management, Edith Cowan
University
~ Industry Reference Group Advanced Manufacturing
Technologies Centre. TAFE
~ AIMS, CSIRO and State Government Liaison
Committee, WA.
~ SOE Committee Perth Coastal Waters
~ Member: South Coast Terrestrial and Marine
Reserve Integration Study Advisory Committee
Publications
~ Satumanatpan S., Senowongse, P., Tansuporn, V.
and Kirkman, H. 2014 Effectiveness of
Environmental Protected Areas, Phetchaburi and
Prachuap Kirikhan Provinces, Thailand. Journal of
Ocean and Coastal Management.89, 1–10
~ Kirkman H. 2013 Impact of proposed Port of
Hastings Expansion on Seagrass Mangroves and
Saltmarsh. Report to Victorian National Parks
Association Inc. 35 pp.
~ Kirkman, H. 2013 Choosing boundaries to marine
protected areas and zoning the MPAs for restricted
use and management. Journal of Ocean and
Coastal Management. 81, 38–48.
www.environment.sa.gov.au/.../mp-genhabitatvulnerabilityreport.pdf
~ Kirkman, H. 2013 Historical Changes in Seagrass
Extent and Condition in Corner Inlet and
Nooramunga. Report to West Gippsland
Catchment Management Authority 21 pp.
~ Kirkman, H. 2013. Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis for Habitats in the Bay of Bengal Large
Marine Ecosystem. FAO Report 56 pp.
~ Kuo, J., Kirkman, H., Sainty, G. and Jacobs, S. 2012.
Seagrasses. In: Estuary Plants and What’s
Happening to Them in South-east Australia. Eds.
Sainty, G., Hosking, J., Carr, G. and Adam, P. 92–
131.
~ Kirkman, H. and Kuo, J. 2012 Seagrasses of southeast Australia—an introduction. In: Estuary Plants
and What’s Happening to Them in South-east
Australia. Eds. Sainty, G., Hosking, J., Carr, G. and
Adam, P. 78–91.
~ Kirkman, H., Bryars S.and Brook, J. 2012 Marine
Park Regional Impact Statements Main Report
Department of Environment, Water and Natural
Resources, South Australia. 283 pp.
~ Kirkman, H., Cohen, A. and Houridis, H. 2012 A
seagrass shading experiment to determine the
effects of a dredge plume. The Victorian Naturalist
129 (3). 97–108.
DR HUGH KIRKMAN PhD, MAgSc, BAgSc
Principal Marine Ecologist
~ Kirkman, H. and Boon, P. 2012 Review of
CURRICULUM VITAE
Mangrove Planting Activities around Westernport
2004-2011. Report to Western Port Seagrass
Partnership Inc. 43 pp.
~ Kirkman, H.2011. Mangroves. In: Vulnerability of
South Australian Marine Habitats. Marine Parks,
Department of Environment, Water and Natural
Resources South Australia. 30–35.
~ Kirkman, H. 2011 Seagrasses. In: Vulnerability of
South Australian Marine Habitats. Marine Parks,
Department of Environment, Water and Natural
Resources South Australia.65–71.
www.environment.sa.gov.au/.../mp-genhabitatvulnerabilityreport.pdf
~ Herriman, M., Kirkman, H. and Costes, S. 2011.
Guide on Transboundary Marine Spatial
Management. An APEC Marine Resources
Conservation Working Group 01/2009A Project. 90
pp.
~ Bernsted-Smith, R. and Kirkman, H. 2010.
Comparison of Approaches to Management of
Large–scale Marine Areas. Fauna and Flora
International and Conservation International.
Internal Report. vi and 144 pp. http:/www.faunaflora.org/wp-content/uploads/Management-ofLarge-Marine-Areas.pdf
~ Lourey, M.J. and Kirkman, H. 2009 Short lived
dissolved nitrate pulses in a shallow Western
Australian coastal lagoon. Marine and Freshwater
Research, 60, 1068–1080.
~ Kirkman, H. 2008. Community level monitoring of
seagrass beds and how this assists with
management. International Conference on
Managing Wetlands for Sustainable Development:
Innovative Research and Lessons Learned,
Effective Partnerships and the Need for CoManagement. 9–11 January, 2008 Trang Thailand,
1-03-1–1-03-8.
~ Hudson, A., Kirkman, H., Duangsawasadi, M.,
Wilkinson, C., Wu, R., Depledge, M., Chung, J.,
Szymczak, R., Reichelt, R., Cicin-Sain, B., Chan-Lui,
L., Lam, P.K.S., Gervacio, B. and Narcise, C.I.S. 2008
Applying management-related science and
technology. Tropical Coasts, 14, 1, 50–70.
~ Kinloch, M.A., Brock, D.J., Kirkman, H. and
Laperousz, T. 2007. Seagrass Biodiversity of
Kangaroo Island. KI NRM Board Coast and Marine
Program Report No. CMP07/004. 42 pp.
~ Kirkman, H., Abraham, A., Leadbitter, D., Phang,
O.C., Follosco, E., Canizal, A., Factuar, D. and
Requinala, R. 2007. Certifying Sustainability.
Tropical Coasts, 13, 2, 38–59.
~ Kirkman, H. 2006. The East Asian Seas UNEP
Regional Seas Programme. International
Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and
Economics, 6, 3: 305–316.
~ Hills, J.M., Alcock, D., Higham, T., Kirkman, H., Le
Tissier, M., Pagdilao, C., Samonte, P.C., Smith, T.F.
2006. Capacity building for integrated coastal zone
management in Asia-Pacific: the case for case
studies. Coastal Management, 34 (3): 323–337.
~ Kirkman, H., Jarayabhand, S., Pachaimuthu, V. and
Liss, B. 2006. Coordinating Body on the Seas of
East Asia (COBSEA): A Perspective. Tropical Coasts
13, 1.24–29.
~ Kirkman, H and Kirkman, J.A. 2002. The
management of seagrasses in Southeast Asia.
Bulletin of Marine Science. 71. 1379–1390.
~ Duarte, C. and Kirkman, H. 2001. Methods for the
Measurement of Seagrass Abundance and Depth
Distribution. In: Global Seagrass Research
Methods. Eds: Short, F.T, Coles, R.G. 141–154.
~ McKenzie, L.J., Finkbeiner, M.A. and Kirkman, H.
2001. Methods for Mapping Seagrass Distribution.
In: Global Seagrass Research Methods. Eds: Short,
F.T, Coles, R.G. 101–122.
~ Kirkman, H. 2001. Regional Coordination in
Protection and Management of Coastal Marine
Ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the International
Symposium on Protection and Management of
Coastal Marine Ecosystems. UNEP and EMECS.
Bangkok, Thailand. 31–35.
~ Kirkman, H. 2001. Effects of tourism on the coasts
of East Asian Seas. In: Community Tourism
Destination Management: Principles and Practices.
Ed. W. Jamieson. W. CUC UEM Project. Asian
Institute of Technology.149–162.
~ Jiang, Y., Kirkman, H. and An, H. 2001. Megacity
development: managing impacts on marine
environments. Ocean and Coastal Management,
44, 293–318.
~ Kirkman, H. and Kirkman, J.A. 2000. The
management of seagrasses in South East Asia and
Australia. Biologia Marine Mediterranea, 7.
Proceedings Fourth International Seagrass Biology
Workshop. Balagne, Corsica, France. 305–319.
~ Kirkman, H. 2000. Seagrass mapping and its
application to conservation. In: Towards
Sustainable Management of the Straits of Malacca.
Eds: M.Shariff, F.M. Yusoff, N. Gopinath, H.M.
Ibrahim and R.A. Nik Mustapha. Malacca Straits
Research and Development Centre Universiti Putra
Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. 239–247.
~ Chia, L.S. and Kirkman, H. 2000. Overview of Landbased Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine
DR HUGH KIRKMAN PhD, MAgSc, BAgSc
Principal Marine Ecologist
Environment in the East Asian Seas. UNEP/GPA
Coordination Office and EAS/RCU Regional Seas
Report and Studies Series 173. 74 pp.
CURRICULUM VITAE
~ Kirkman, H. and Kirkman, J.A. 2000. Long-term
seagrass meadow monitoring near Perth, Western
Australia. Aquatic Botany, 67, 319–332.
~ Kirkman, H. and Jiang, Y. 2000. Enhancing Coastal
Ecosystem Restoration for the 21st Century. In:
Enhancing Coastal Ecosystem Restoration for the
21st Century. Proceedings of Regional Seminar for
East and Southeast Asian Countries: Ecotone VIII
Ranong and Phuket Provinces, Southern Thailand.
39–44.
~ Kirkman, H. and Shutao, Cao. 1999. East Asia: a
review of actions for coral reefs in the East Asian
Seas. Proceedings: International Tropical Marine
Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS)
1998 Townsville, Queensland. Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority. 60–85.
~ Kirkman, H. 1998. Pilot experiments on planting
seedlings and small seagrass propagules in
Western Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37,
460-467.
~ Kirkman, H.1998 Importance of seagrass beds with
particular emphasis on their restoration. TCEProject Workshop II: Coastal Environment
Improvement in Mangrove/Wetland Ecosystems.
57–60.
~ Pearce, A. and Kirkman, H. 1998. The coastal sea
and its ecology. In:Wanneroo-Joondalup-Yanchep
Planning, People, Environment. Ed: Gentilli, J. City
of Wanneroo. 321-328.
~ Wyllie, A., Lord, D., Collins, P., Kendrick, G and
Kirkman, H. 1997. Mapping historical changes in
seagrass beds bordering Owen Anchorage,
Western Australia. 4th International Conference on
Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal
Environments, Orlando, Florida. I 541-I 551.
~ Kirkman, H. and Kendrick, G. 1997. An
investigation into beach cast macroalgae and
marine angiosperms. Journal of Applied Phycology
9: 311-326.
~ Kirkman, H. 1997. Seagrasses of Australia.
Australia: State of the Environment Technical
Paper Series Department of Environment,
Canberra. 54 pp.
~ Kirkman, H. 1996. Baseline and monitoring
methods for seagrass meadows. Journal of
Environmental Management, 47; 191-201.
~ Kendrick, G., Kirkman, H., and Burton, C. 1995. An
Investigation into Beach Cast Macroalgae and
Marine Angiosperms. ANCA Report. 36 pp.
~ Kirkman, H. and Kuo, J. 1996. Seagrass distribution
and diversity in southern Western Australia. In:
Seagrass Biology: Proceedings of an International
Workshop, Jan 1996, Rottnest Island. Eds. Kuo, J.
Kirkman, H., Walker, D.I. and Phillips, R. Centre for
Microanalysis and Microscopy, Uni of WA. 51-56.
~ Kuo, J. and Kirkman, H. 1996. Seedling survival in
the seagrass genera Posidonia. In: Seagrass
Biology: Proceedings of an International
Workshop, Jan 1996, Rottnest Island. Eds. Kuo, J.
Kirkman, H., Walker, D.I. and Phillips, R. Centre for
Microanalysis and Microscopy, Uni of WA. 57-64.
~ Dennison W.C. and Kirkman, H. Seagrass survival
model. 1996 In: Seagrass Biology: Proceedings of
an International Workshop, Jan 1996, Rottnest
Island. Eds. Kuo, J. Kirkman, H., Walker, D.I. and
Phillips, R. Centre for Microanalysis and
Microscopy, Uni of WA. 341-344.
~ Fitzpatrick, J and Kirkman, H. 1996. The effect of
shading on Posidonia australis in Jervis Bay, New
South Wales. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 127,
279-289.
~ Kirkman, H. 1995 Pilot Experiments on Potential
for Restoration of Seagrass Meadows. Report to
Cockburn Cement Ltd. 52 pp.
~ Kuo, J. and Kirkman, H. 1995 Halophila decipiens
Ostenfeld in estuaries from southwestern
Australia. Aquatic Botany 51, 335-340.
~ Hamdorf , I. and Kirkman, H. 1995 Status of
Australian Seagrass. Issues Paper. Fisheries
Pollution and Marine Environment Committee. 32
pp.
~ Kirkman, H., Fitzpatrick, J. and Hutchings, P.
Seagrasses. In: Jervis Bay a place of Culture,
Scientific and Educational Value. Eds: G. Cho, A.
Georges and R. Stoutjesdijk. ANCA, Canberra. 137142.
~ Wyllie, A., Duncan, A., Evans, F., Hick, P., Jernakoff,
P., Kirkman, H. and Ong, C. 1993. A review of
remote sensing for marine applications in Western
Australia. Proc. 2nd Thematic Conf. on Remote
Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, New
Orleans, Louisiana. 31 Jan-2 Feb, 1994
~ Manning, C.A. and Kirkman, H. 1993. A proposal
for the irrigation of hardwoods using sewage
effluent. Australian Forestry, 56, 80-89.
~ Kirkman, H. and Manning, C. 1993. A search for
eutrophication in the seagrass meadows of
Rottnest Island and a baseline study for future
monitoring. Eds. Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman,
H. and Lethbridge, R. Proceedings of the Fourth
International Marine Biological Workshop: The
Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island,
DR HUGH KIRKMAN PhD, MAgSc, BAgSc
Principal Marine Ecologist
Western Australia. Western Australian Museum,
Perth. 473-480
~ Kirkman, H. 1992. Large scale restoration of
CURRICULUM VITAE
seagrass meadows. In: Restoring the Nation's
Marine Environment. Editor: Thayer, G.W.
Maryland Sea Grant College, College Park
Maryland, 111-140.
~ Kuo, J and Kirkman, H. 1992. Fruits, seeds and
germination in the seagrass Halophila ovalis (R.Br.)
Hook. (Hydrocharitaceae). Botanica Marina. 35,
197-204.
~ Masini, R., Simpson, C.J., Kirkman, H., Ward, T. and
Crossland, C. 1992. The concept of "assimilative
capacity" as a management tool in temperate
coastal waters of Western Australia.
Environmental Protection Authority Western
Australia Tech. Ser. 48, 18pp.
~ Kirkman, H., Humphries, P. and Manning, R. 1991.
The epibenthic fauna of seagrass beds and bare
sand in Princess Royal Harbour and King George
Sound, south-western Australia. Proc. of Third
International Marine Ecological Workshop: The
Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western
Australia.Eds. Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H.
and Lethbridge, R. Western Australian Museum,
Perth. 553-563
~ Kirkman, H. and Kuo, J. 1990 Pattern and process
in southern Western Australian seagrasses. Aquat.
Bot. 37, 367-382
~ Kirkman, H. 1990. Seagrass distribution and
mapping. In: Seagrass Research Methods, no. 9
UNESCO monographs on oceanographic
methodology, 19–25. UNESCO, Paris.
~ Luning, K. 1990. Seaweeds Their Environment,
Biogeography, and Ecophysiology. Eds. C.Yarish
and H.Kirkman. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
526pp.
~ Kuo, J., James, S.H., Kirkman, H. and den Hartog, C.
1990 Chromosome numbers and their systematic
implications in Australian marine angiosperms: the
Posidoniaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution
171, 199-204.
~ Kuo, J. and Kirkman, H. 1990. Anatomy of
viviparous seagrass seedlings of Amphibolis and
Thalassodendron and their nutrient supply.
Botanica Marina, 33, 117-126.
~ Coles, R., I. Poiner and H. Kirkman. 1989
Seagrasses of northeastern Australia. In:
Seagrasses - a treatise on the biology of seagrasses
with special reference to the Australian region. Ed.
A. Larkum, A. McComb and S. Shepherd. Elsevier
261-277.
~ Clarke, S. and H. Kirkman. 1989. Seagrass stability
and dynamics. In: Seagrasses - a treatise on the
biology of seagrasses with special reference to the
Australian region. Ed. A. Larkum, A McComb and S.
Shepherd. Elsevier 304-345.
~ Kirkman, H. and D.I. Walker. 1989 Seagrasses of
Western Australia. In: Seagrasses - a treatise on
the biology of seagrasses with special reference to
the Australian region. Ed. A. Larkum, A. McComb
and S. Shepherd. Elsevier 157-181.
~ Kirkman, H. 1989. A comparison of growth, density
and biomass of Ecklonia radiata at different depths
off Perth, Western Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw.
Res. 40, 169-177.
~ Kirkman, H. 1989. Restoration and creation of
seagrass meadows with special emphasis on
Western Australia. E.P.A. Tech. Ser. 30. 22pp.
~ Kirkman, H., Oliver, L. and B. Digby. 1988. Mapping
of underwater seagrass meadows. Proc. Symp.
Remote Sensing of the Coastal Zone. Dept.
Geographic Information. 5A 2.1-2.9.
~ Yarish, C., Kirkman, H. and K. Luning. 1987. Lethal
exposure times and preconditioning to upper
temperature limits of some temperate North
Atlantic red algae. Helgolander Meersunters. 41,
323-327.
~ Kuo, J. and H. Kirkman. 1987. Floral and seedling
morphology and anatomy of Thalassodendron
pachyrhizum den Hartog Cymodoceaceae. Aquat.
Bot. 29, 1-18.
~ Kuo, J., Cook, I.H. and H. Kirkman. 1987.
Observations of vegetative propagules in the
seagrass Amphibolis spp. Aquat. Bot. 27, 291-293.
~ Kirkman, H. and I.H. Cook. 1987. A study of
Thalassodendron pachyrhizum den Hartog in
southern Western Australia. Aquat. Bot. 27, 257266.
~ Kirkman, H. 1987. Decline of seagrass beds in
Princess Royal Harbour and Oyster Harbour,
Albany. Env. Protect. Authority Perth, Western
Australia. Tech. Ser. 15.
~ Hatcher, B., Kirkman, H. and W. Wood. 1987.
Growth of the kelp Ecklonia radiata near the
northern limit of its range in Western Australia.
Mar. Biol. 95, 65-73.
~ Kirkman, H. 1986. Scientific Research in the M10
area. Proc. Seminar on Proposed M10 Marine Park:
W.A. Dept. Cons. Environ. Bull. 256, 101-105.
~ Kirkman, H. and G. Edgar. 1985. The Coastal
Fringes. In: Australia's Underwater Wilderness. Ed.
Roland Hughes, Weldons, Sydney. 129-152.
DR HUGH KIRKMAN PhD, MAgSc, BAgSc
Principal Marine Ecologist
~ Kirkman, H. 1985. Seagrasses. Australian Science
Mag. 3, 30-33.
~ Kirkman, H. 1985. Community structure in
CURRICULUM VITAE
seagrasses in southern Western Australia. Aquat.
Bot. 21, 363-375.
~ Gerard, V. and H. Kirkman. 1984. Ecological
observations on a branched, loose-lying form of
Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh in New Zealand.
Bot. Mar. 27, 105-110.
~ Kirkman, H. 1984. Standing stock and production in
Ecklonia radiata (Turn.) J. Agardh. J. Exp. Mar. Biol.
Ecol. 76, 119-130.
~ Cuff, W.R., Sinclair, R.E., Parker, R.R., Tranter, D.J.,
Bulleid, N.C., Godfrey, T.S., Griffiths, F.B., Higgins,
H.W., Kirkman, H., Rainer, S.F., and B.D. Scott.
1983. A carbon budget for South West Arm. In:
Synthesis and Modelling of Intermittent Estuaries.
Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies.
Eds. W.R. Cuff & M. Tomczak Jr. Springer Verlag.
Berlin. pp. 190-232.
~ Kirkman, H. 1983. The biology of Ecklonia radiata
and other macrophytes of the sublittoral of
southwestern Western Australia. Ph.D. thesis. Uni
of W.A. pp. 161.
~ Hulings, N. and H. Kirkman. 1982. Further
observations and data on seagrasses along the
Jordanian and Saudi Arabian coasts of the Gulf of
Aqaba. Tethys. 10, 218-220.
~ Kirkman, H. 1982. The first year in the life history
and the survival of juvenile Ecklonia radiata. J. Exp.
Mar. Biol. Ecol. 55, 243-254.
~ Kirkman, H., D. Reid and I.H. Cook. 1982. Studies
on leaf production of Zostera capricorni Aschers in
Port Hacking, N.S.W. Aquat. Bot. 12, 57-67.
~ Mann, K.H. and H. Kirkman. 1981. A biomass
method for measuring productivity of Ecklonia
radiata with the potential for adaption to other
large brown algae. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 32,
297-304.
~ McComb, A., Cambridge, M., Kirkman, H. and J.
Kuo. 1981. The biology of Australian seagrasses. In:
The Biology of Australian Native Plants. Eds. J. Pate
and A. McComb. W.A. Uni Press: 258-293.
~ Kirkman, H. and P.C. Young. 1981. A study of the
effect of pollution and grazing by a sea urchin on
the growth of Posidonia oceanica. Aquat. Bot. 10,
329-338.
~ Kirkman, H. and P.C. Young. 1981. A study of the
effect of pollution and grazing by a sea urchin on
the growth of Posidonia oceanica. Aquat. Bot. 10,
329-338.
~ Kirkman, H. and D.D. Reid, 1979. A study of the
role of a seagrass Posidonia australis in the carbon
budget of an estuary. Aquat. Bot. 7, 173-183.
~ Kirkman, H., F.B. Griffiths and R.R. Parker., 1979.
The release of reactive phosphate by a seagrass
community. Aquat. Bot. 6, 329-337.
~ Weiner, P. and H. Kirkman. 1979. Continuous
recording technique used to measure the release
of oxygen from a seagrass community within an
acrylic incubation chamber. CSIRO Aust. Div. Fish.
Oceanogr. Rep. 96.
~ Kirkman, H., 1978. Growing Zostera capricorni
Aschers in tanks. Aquat. Bot. 4, 367-372.
~ Kirkman, H., 1978. Decline of seagrass in northern
areas of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Aquat. Bot. 5,
63-76.
~ Dredge, M., H. Kirkman and M. Potter, 1977. A
short term biological survey - Tin Can Inlet/Great
Sandy Strait. CSIRO Aust. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. Rep.
68.
~ Kirkman, H., 1976. A review of the literature on
seagrass related to its decline in Moreton Bay, Qld.
CSIRO Aust. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. Rep. 64.
~ Kirkman, H., 1975. Male floral structure in the
marine angiosperm Cymodocea serrulata (R. Br.)
Ascherson and Magnus. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 70, 267268.
~ Kirkman, H., 1975. A description of the seagrass
communities of Stradbroke Island. Proc. R. Soc. Qd
86, 129-31.
~ Young, P.C. and H. Kirkman. 1975. The seagrass
communities of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Aquat.
Bot. 1, 191-202.
~ Kirkman, H. 1974. Health of seagrasses in
Westerport Bay. Project Report to the
Westernport Bay Environmental Study (1973–
1974). Ministry of Conservation.