KNOW
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Discourse - Cohesion and coherence,
including
Lexical cohesion – collocations,
repetition, synonyms, comparisons.
Substitution- noun phrases, verb
phrases, clauses.
Ellipsis
Referencing – anaphoric, cataphoric,
deictic
Linking adverbials and conjunctions
Logical order of ideas – sometimes
chronological.
Information flow – end focus, front
focus, passive vs. active.
Layout – familiar structure,
appropriate openings and closing.
Phonological patterning – alliteration,
assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia,
rhythm, rhyme, punctuation, spelling.
Syntactic patterning – antithesis, listing,
parallelism, repetition, sentence structure,
ellipsis, nominalisation, co-ordination and
subordination, passive voice, sentence types.
Morphological patterning – conversion of
word class, creative word formation,
collocations and idioms.
Lexical choice and semantic patterning –
irony, metaphor, oxymoron, simile,
personification or animation, puns, lexical
ambiguity, synonymy and antonymy.
UNDERSTAND
That every piece of written text is constructed by an author for
a purpose, for an audience and in a context.
That every piece of text has a style.
That style is made up of:
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the grammatical structure of language (the
arrangement of words in a sentence)
the discourse structure of language (the arrangement of
words and sentences in a paragraph or larger piece of
text)
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the choice of words within texts (lexical choices)
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the meanings of words within texts (semantics)
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how words are combined to convey a message.
DO
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Define the linguistic concepts in
the ‘Know’ column.
Recognise these in texts.
Use these concepts to analyse
pieces of language.
Write an essay.
Describe the effects writers are
trying to achieve, why writers
choose particular stylistic
features, and how writers use
language to influence their
audience.