Conservation Management Zones of Australia
South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and
Grasslands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation
Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were
provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of
Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic
community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks
Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert
Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson
(ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the
World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled
identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use
under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the
Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by
third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5
Population characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10
Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 15
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 18
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 21
Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 26
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 27
World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 31
Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 32
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ............................................................... 34
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 35
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 41
Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 43
Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 48
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ........................................................... 51
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past
and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep
spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including
Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological
and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will
assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report
on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with
local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and
socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge
and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about
regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or
governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental
assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to
engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural
resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic
landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain
only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In
future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS
POPULATION
Albury – Wodonga
84,982
Ballarat
95,021
Bathurst
34,124
Bendigo
88,668
Canberra-Queenbeyan
411,609
Cowra-Young-Yass
22,204
Geelong
179,042
Goulburn
21,460
Melbourne
4,246,345
Melton
45,688
NSW South Coast
39,178
Orange
34,996
Pakenham
32,916
Sale
12,764
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS
POPULATION
Sunbury
33,045
Traralgon-Morwell
40,602
Wagga Wagga
53,832
Warranambool
33,024
Warragul-Drouin
31,280
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS
Murray Local Land Services (LLS)
NSW
Riverina LLS
NSW
South East LLS
NSW
Corangamite Catchment Management Authority (CMA)
VIC
East Gippsland CMA
VIC
Glenelg-Hopkins CMA
VIC
Goulburn-Broken CMA
VIC
North Central CMA
VIC
North East CMA
VIC
Port Philip and Westernport CMA
VIC
West Gippsland CMA
VIC
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Dairy
$1,888
Beef
$1,461
Lamb
$956
Vegetables for consumption
$728
Wool
$713
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$8,714
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*
Mean annual temperature
12.7 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month
26.2 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month
1.8 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall
797.9 mm
Dominant rainfall season
Winter
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of
rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012)
Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of
Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces
version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National
Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
English
67.13%
Other languages
28.01%
Not stated
4.66%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and
sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility
for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to
assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key
environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey
(LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses
across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area
2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only.
For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228
broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame.
The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this
reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents
who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government
Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping
Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program
(ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to:
http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au
Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au
NATIVE TITLE AND TRADITIONAL OWNERS
Traditional Owners
Registered Native Title Body Corporate
Hectares
% of zone
Gunai/Kurnai People
Gunaikurnai Land & Waters Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
1,159,376
5.04
Gunditjmara People
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
63,296
0.28
Wotjobaluk People
Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
36,062
0.16
Gunditjmara and Eastern Maar
peoples
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC,
Eastern Maar Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
3,915
0.02
The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013.For more information please refer to:
http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Albury City Council
NSW
Auburn City Council
NSW
Bankstown City Council
NSW
Bathurst Regional Council
NSW
Bega Valley Shire Council
NSW
Blacktown City Council
NSW
Blayney Shire Council
NSW
Blue Mountains City Council
NSW
Bombala Council
NSW
Boorowa Council
NSW
Cabonne Shire Council
NSW
Camden Council
NSW
Campbelltown City Council
NSW
Cooma-Monaro Council
NSW
Cowra Shire Council
NSW
Dubbo City Council
NSW
Eurobodalla Shire Council
NSW
Forbes Shire Council
NSW
Goulburn Mulwaree Council
NSW
Greater Hume Shire Council
NSW
Gundagai Shire Council
NSW
Harden Shire Council
NSW
Hawkesbury City Council
NSW
Junee Shire Council
NSW
Lithgow City Council
NSW
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Lockhart Shire Council
NSW
Mid-Western Regional Council
NSW
Narromine Shire Council
NSW
Oberon Council
NSW
Orange City Council
NSW
Palerang Council
NSW
Parkes Shire Council
NSW
Penrith City Council
NSW
Queanbeyan City Council
NSW
Shoalhaven City Council
NSW
Snowy River Shire Council
NSW
Tumbarumba Shire Council
NSW
Tumut Council
NSW
Upper Lachlan Shire Council
NSW
Wagga Wagga City Council
NSW
Warrumbungle Shire Council
NSW
Weddin Shire Council
NSW
Wellington Council
NSW
Wingecarribee Shire Council
NSW
Wollondilly Shire Council
NSW
Yass Valley Council
NSW
Young Shire Council
NSW
Alpine Shire
VIC
Ararat Rural City
VIC
Ballarat City
VIC
Banyule City
VIC
Bass Coast Shire
VIC
Baw Baw Shire
VIC
Bayside City
VIC
Benalla Rural City
VIC
Boroondara City
VIC
Brimbank City
VIC
Buloke Shire
VIC
Campaspe Shire
VIC
Cardinia Shire
VIC
Casey City
VIC
Central Goldfields Shire
VIC
Colac Otway Shire
VIC
Corangamite Shire
VIC
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Darebin City
VIC
East Gippsland Shire
VIC
Frankston City
VIC
French-Elizabeth-Sandstone Islands (Uninc)
VIC
Gabo Island (Unincorporated)
VIC
Glen Eira City
VIC
Glenelg Shire
VIC
Golden Plains Shire
VIC
Greater Bendigo City
VIC
Greater Dandenong City
VIC
Greater Geelong City
VIC
Greater Shepparton City
VIC
Hepburn Shire
VIC
Hobsons Bay City
VIC
Horsham Rural City
VIC
Hume City
VIC
Indigo Shire
VIC
Kingston City
VIC
Knox City
VIC
Latrobe City
VIC
Loddon Shire
VIC
Macedon Ranges Shire
VIC
Manningham City
VIC
Mansfield Shire
VIC
Maribyrnong City
VIC
Maroondah City
VIC
Melbourne City
VIC
Melton City
VIC
Mitchell Shire
VIC
Moira Shire
VIC
Monash City
VIC
Moonee Valley City
VIC
Moorabool Shire
VIC
Moreland City
VIC
Mornington Peninsula Shire
VIC
Mount Alexander Shire
VIC
Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort (Unincorporated)
VIC
Mount Buller Alpine Resort (Unincorporated)
VIC
Mount Stirling Alpine Resort (Unincorporated)
VIC
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Moyne Shire
VIC
Murrindindi Shire
VIC
Nillumbik Shire
VIC
Northern Grampians Shire
VIC
Port Phillip City
VIC
Pyrenees Shire
VIC
Queenscliffe Borough
VIC
South Gippsland Shire
VIC
Southern Grampians Shire
VIC
Stonnington City
VIC
Strathbogie Shire
VIC
Surf Coast Shire
VIC
Towong Shire
VIC
Wangaratta Rural City
VIC
Warrnambool City
VIC
Wellington Shire
VIC
West Wimmera Shire
VIC
Whitehorse City
VIC
Whittlesea City
VIC
Wodonga City
VIC
Wyndham City
VIC
Yarra City
VIC
Yarra Ranges Shire
VIC
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification
system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and
distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation
distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation
mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types
across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums
(e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type
occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present
are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is
of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on
vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater
discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia.
For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia.
In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass
understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone
(58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical
Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately
19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only
provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
RAMSAR WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
Corner Inlet
VIC
14,801
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands – Seaford
VIC
261
Gippsland Lakes
VIC
61,025
Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula – Corio
Bay
VIC
17,164
Western District Lakes
VIC
32,683
Western Port
VIC
2,975
For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-ourenvironment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Anderson Inlet
VIC
131.00
2, 3, 4
Bald Hills State Wildlife Reserve
VIC
13.00
1, 3, 5
Banongill Network
VIC
87.80
1
Bega Swamp
NSW
21.20
1, 6
Bemm, Goolengook, Arte and Errinundra Rivers
VIC
3,862.10
1, 2, 3, 4
Bendora Reservoir
ACT
70.90
5
Benedore River
VIC
3,523.50
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Bethungra Dam Reserve
NSW
0.10
3
Big Badja Swamp
NSW
85.70
1, 5, 6
Big River
VIC
1,874.70
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Billabong Flora and Fauna Reserve
VIC
20.70
1, 5
Bondi Lake
NSW
26.80
1, 6
Bosses/Nebbor Swamp
VIC
258.30
1, 3
Boyd Plateau Bogs
NSW
0.10
1, 2, 5
Central Highlands Peatlands
VIC
10.50
1
Clyde River Estuary
NSW
1,069.30
1, 3, 5
Cobden-Terang Volcanic Craters
VIC
568.60
1
Coila Creek Delta
NSW
3.90
1, 4
Coopers Swamp
NSW
0.10
1, 3
Coree Flats
NSW
0.10
1
Corner Inlet
VIC
9,054.40
1, 3, 4, 5
Cotter Flats
ACT
0.10
1
Cullendulla Creek and Embayment
NSW
13.50
1, 6
Cundare Pool/Lake Martin
VIC
3,741.20
1, 3, 4
Deep Water Morass
VIC
56.20
1, 3, 5
Dergholm (Youpayang) Wetlands
VIC
8.20
1, 3
Durras Lake
NSW
275.20
1, 6
Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands
VIC
131.70
1, 3, 6
Ewing’s Marsh (Morass)
VIC
1,335.90
1, 5
Genoa River
VIC
1,034.40
1, 3, 4, 5, 6
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Horse Park Wetland
ACT
0.10
1, 3, 6
Howqua River
VIC
2,029.20
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Jack Smith Lake State Game Reserve
VIC
2,859.50
1, 3, 5
Jacksons Bog
NSW
0.10
1, 6
Jerrabomberra Wetlands
ACT
0.10
3, 6
Kooraweera Lakes
VIC
367.80
1, 2, 4, 5
Kosciusko Alpine Fens, Bogs and Lakes
NSW
296.20
1, 4, 5
Lake Bathurst
NSW
989.00
1, 3, 6
Lake Beeac
VIC
658.50
1, 3, 4, 5
Lake Bookaar
VIC
552.70
1, 3, 5
Lake Bunga
VIC
16.00
1, 5
Lake Buninjon
VIC
285.60
1, 3, 5
Lake Colongulac
VIC
1,563.40
1, 3
Lake Condah
VIC
81.80
1, 6
Lake Connewarre State Wildlife Reserve
VIC
3,596.20
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Lake Corangamite
VIC
24,423.60
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Lake Cundare
VIC
294.80
1, 3, 4
Lake Dartmouth
VIC
5,927.90
6
Lake George
NSW
12,850.70
1, 3, 5, 6
Lake Gnarpurt
VIC
2,595.90
1, 2, 3
Lake Hume
VIC
9,973.00
1, 2, 6
Lake King Wetlands
VIC
16,137.40
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Lake Linlithgow Wetlands
VIC
1,392.30
1, 3, 4, 5
Lake Milangil
VIC
250.10
1, 2, 3, 5
Lake Muirhead
VIC
659.70
1, 3, 4
Lake Murdeduke
VIC
1,864.20
1, 2, 3
Lake Tali Karng
VIC
11.50
1, 3, 6
Lake Terangpom
VIC
197.70
1, 2, 3
Lake Tyers
VIC
1,282.80
1, 3, 5
Lake Victoria Wetlands
VIC
9,256.90
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Lake Wellington Wetlands
VIC
27,546.50
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lake Wendouree
VIC
223.80
1, 3, 6
Lerderderg River
VIC
5,192.60
3, 4, 5, 6
Lindenow Wildlife Sanctuary
VIC
30.80
1, 3
Lower Goulburn River Floodplain
VIC
0.80
1, 2
Lower Lough Calvert & Lake Thurrumbong
VIC
1,066.50
1, 2
Lower Merri River Wetlands
VIC
145.60
1, 2, 3, 5
Lower Snowy River Wetlands System
VIC
2,860.00
1, 2, 3, 5
Macleod Morass
VIC
508.80
1, 3
Mallacoota Inlet Wetlands
VIC
995.40
1, 3, 5, 6
Merimbula Lake
NSW
376.40
1
Merin Merin Swamp
VIC
215.00
1, 3
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Micalong Swamp
NSW
123.90
1, 6
Middle Lough Calvert
VIC
554.40
1, 2, 3, 4
Mitta Mitta River
VIC
2,319.90
3, 4, 5, 6
Monaro Lakes
NSW
376.80
1, 2, 5
Moruya River Estuary Saltmarshes
NSW
76.20
1, 2
Mount William Swamp
VIC
627.20
1, 3, 4
Mud Islands
VIC
5.40
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Mundi-Selkirk Wetlands
VIC
3.40
1, 2, 3
Nadgee Lake and tributary wetlands
NSW
269.40
1, 2, 5
Nargal Lake
NSW
11.10
1, 3
Nelson Lagoon
NSW
95.30
1
Nerrin Nerrin Wetlands
VIC
523.80
1, 3, 4, 5
Nunnock Swamp
NSW
1.50
1, 2, 3, 5
Packers Swamp
NSW
0.10
1, 2
Pambula Estuarine Wetlands
NSW
330.80
2, 3, 5, 6
Point Cook & Laverton Saltworks
VIC
517.60
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Powlett River Mouth
VIC
18.60
6
Princetown Wetlands
VIC
152.70
1, 2, 3
Red Rock Lakes & The Basins
VIC
234.10
1, 6
Rooty Break Swamp
VIC
0.90
1
Russells Swamp
VIC
92.00
3
Shallow Inlet Marine & Coastal Park
VIC
1,920.50
1, 3, 4
Snowy River
VIC
46,500.30
1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Stonyford-Bungador Wetlands
VIC
63.40
1
Suggan Buggan and Berrima Rivers
VIC
1,253.20
2, 3, 4
Swan Bay & Swan Island
VIC
412.70
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Sydenham Inlet Wetlands
VIC
1,369.60
1, 3, 5
Tambo River (Lower Reaches) East Swamps
VIC
100.20
3
Tamboon Inlet Wetlands
VIC
798.00
1, 3, 5
Tea Tree Swamp (Delegate River)
VIC
176.10
1, 3, 5
Thurra River
VIC
2,961.80
1, 3, 5
Tower Hill
VIC
305.50
1, 3, 6
Tuross River Estuary
NSW
1,095.10
1, 2, 5
Upper Buchan River
VIC
856.40
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Upper Cotter River
ACT
0.10
1, 6
Upper Lough Calvert
VIC
848.70
1, 2, 3
Upper Naas Creek
ACT
0.10
1
Waldrons Swamp
NSW
71.70
1, 3
Wallaga Lake
NSW
822.90
5, 6
Wallagoot Lagoon (Wallagoot Lake)
NSW
377.50
5, 6
Werribee-Avalon Area
VIC
2,743.50
1, 3, 4, 5
Western Port
VIC
29,150.00
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Widderin Swamps
VIC
296.70
1, 3, 4, 6
Wongungarra River
VIC
304.60
1, 3, 4, 5
Wonnangatta River
VIC
3,699.00
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Woorndoo-Hopkins Wetlands
VIC
692.50
1, 2
Yambuk Wetlands
VIC
364.90
1, 2, 3, 5
Yarra River
VIC
1,412.10
1, 3, 4
Werribee-Avalon Area
VIC
2,743.52
1, 3, 4, 5
Western Port
VIC
29,150.05
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Widderin Swamps
VIC
296.74
1, 3, 4, 6
Wongungarra River
VIC
304.56
1, 3, 4, 5
Wonnangatta River
VIC
3,699.04
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Woorndoo-Hopkins Wetlands
VIC
692.53
1, 2
Yambuk Wetlands
VIC
364.93
1, 2, 3, 5
Yarra River
VIC
1,412.10
1, 3, 4
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major
wetland system/complex.
3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or
provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or
vulnerable at the national level.
6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more
information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
HERITAGE VALUES
The Greater Blue Mountains Area
WORLD
OR
NATIONAL
World and
HERITAGE
TYPE
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
% OF
ZONE
Natural
NSW
244,493.99
1.06
National
Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens
World
Heritage
Cultural
VIC
25.453798
0.00
Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves
National
Natural
NSW
928,777.434007
4.04
Grampians National Park (Gariwerd)
National
Natural
VIC
167,179.82
0.73
Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape –
Tyrendarra Area
National
Indigenous
VIC
8,154.59
0.04
Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park
National
Historic
VIC
7,535.67
0.03
Great Ocean Road and Scenic Environs
National
Historic
VIC
4,308.35
0.02
Point Nepean Defence Sites and Quarantine
Station Area
National
Historic
VIC
529.48
0.00
Point Cook Air Base
National
Historic
VIC
256.33
0.00
Flemington Racecourse
National
Historic
VIC
127.8
0.00
Coranderrk
National
Indigenous
VIC
81.65
0.00
Old Government House and the Government
Domain
National
Historic
NSW
49.52
0.00
Royal Exhibition Building National Historic
Place
National
Historic
VIC
25.45
0.00
Australian War Memorial and the Memorial
Parade
National
Historic
ACT
25.49
0.00
Mount William Stone Hatchet Quarry
National
Indigenous
VIC
17.96
0.00
High Court – National Gallery Precinct
National
Historic
ACT
14.15
0.00
Flora Fossil Site – Yea
National
Natural
VIC
12.57
0.00
Glenrowan Heritage Precinct
National
Historic
VIC
8.01
0.00
Eureka Stockade Gardens
National
Historic
VIC
7.83
0.00
Melbourne Cricket Ground
National
Historic
VIC
7.69
0.00
Sidney Myer Music Bowl
National
Historic
VIC
6.25
0.00
Rippon Lea House and Garden
National
Historic
VIC
5.58
0.00
Newman College
National
Historic
VIC
4.02
0.00
Old Parliament House and Curtilage
National
Historic
ACT
3.6
0.00
High Court of Australia (former)
National
Historic
VIC
0.25
0.00
ICI Building (former)
National
Historic
VIC
0.23
0.00
Australian Academy of Science Building
National
Historic
ACT
0.16
0.00
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these
heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australianheritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Name
Property type
IUCN
category
Jurisdiction
Hectares
% of zone
Alpine
National Park
II
VIC
363,402
1.58
Kosciuszko
National Park
II
NSW
325,990
1.42
Grampians
National Park
II
VIC
167,185
0.73
Deua
National Park
IB
NSW
121,217
0.53
Snowy River
National Park
II
VIC
114,691
0.50
South East Forest
National Park
II
NSW
111,013
0.48
Wadbilliga
National Park
IB
NSW
95,455
0.42
Croajingolong
National Park
II
VIC
88,022
0.38
Blue Mountains
National Park
II
NSW
80,493
0.35
Kanangra-Boyd
National Park
IB
NSW
71,321
0.31
Yarra Ranges
National Park
II
VIC
57,960
0.25
Namadgi
National Park
II
ACT
46,392
0.20
Morton
National Park
II
NSW
43,754
0.19
Goobang
National Park
II
NSW
42,455
0.18
Rodger River and Mountain
Creek
Natural Catchment Area
II
VIC
42,288
0.18
Suggan Buggan and
Berrima Rivers H.R.
Heritage River
V
VIC
41,793
0.18
Errinundra
National Park
II
VIC
40,089
0.17
Coopracambra
National Park
II
VIC
38,497
0.17
Avon
Wilderness Park
IB
VIC
35,318
0.15
Mount Darling – Snowy
Bluff
Wilderness Zone
– Schedule 5, National Parks Act
IB
VIC
28,595
0.12
Lake Eildon
National Park
II
VIC
27,861
0.12
Great Otway
National Park
II
VIC
27,239
0.12
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IUCN protected area management categories classify
protected areas according to their management
objectives. The categories are recognised by international
bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by
many national governments, including the Australian
Government, as the global standard for defining and
recording protected areas.
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Name
Listing status
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Silurian Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland of the South
East Corner and Australian Alps Bioregions
Endangered
100
0.001
Lowland Grassy Woodland
in the South East Corner Bioregion
Critically
Endangered
100
0.058
Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic
Plain
Critically
Endangered
99.90
6.705
Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of
the Victorian Volcanic Plain
Critically
Endangered
99.90
10.349
Gippsland Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis subsp.
mediana) Grassy Woodland and Associated Native
Grassland
Critically
Endangered
99.90
2.005
Natural Temperate Grassland of the
Southern Tablelands of NSW and the Australian
Capital Territory
Endangered
99.50
0.047
Upland Basalt Eucalypt Forests of the Sydney Basin
Bioregion
Endangered
88.20
0.295
Upland Wetlands of the New England Tablelands and
the Monaro Plateau
Endangered
54.40
0.007
White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy
Woodland and Derived Native Grassland
Critically
Endangered
42.00
4.243
Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) of the
Temperate Lowland Plains
Critically
Endangered
38.40
0.067
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands
and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern
Australia
Endangered
18.30
1.382
Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh
Vulnerable
8.80
0.081
Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens
Endangered
2.90
0.064
Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of
Eastern Australia
Critically
Endangered
1.20
0.002
Weeping Myall Woodlands
Endangered
0.00
0.002
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution
of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that
the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone.
Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone
in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may
be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For
more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
THREATENED MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Mainland)
Perameles gunnii unnamed
subsp.
Endangered
100
0.01
Long-footed Potoroo
Potorous longipes
Endangered
97.63
3.89
Konoom, Smoky Mouse
Pseudomys fumeus
Endangered
79.56
11.64
Leadbeater’s Possum
Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
Endangered
72.19
0.45
Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern)
Isoodon obesulus obesulus
Endangered
51.49
8.56
Dayang, Heath Rat
Pseudomys shortridgei
Vulnerable
38.45
1.66
Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland)
Potorous tridactylus tridactylus
Vulnerable
36.23
6.51
Southern Bent-wing Bat
Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii
Critically
Endangered
35.43
2.08
Grey-headed Flying-fox
Pteropus poliocephalus
Vulnerable
27.95
20.99
Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll
(southeastern mainland population)
Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
(SE mainland population)
Endangered
27.11
20.65
Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby
Petrogale penicillata
Vulnerable
16.18
2.90
New Holland Mouse, Pookila
Pseudomys novaehollandiae
Vulnerable
15.64
6.47
Koala (combined populations of Queensland,
New South Wales and the Australian Capital
Territory)
Phascolarctos cinereus
(combined populations of Qld,
NSW and the ACT)
Vulnerable
9.87
17.94
Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat
Chalinolobus dwyeri
Vulnerable
8.26
9.54
South-eastern Long-eared Bat
Nyctophilus corbeni
Vulnerable
5.73
8.01
Mountain Pygmy-possum
Burramys parvus
Endangered
1.06
0.00
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Helmeted Honeyeater,
Yellow-tufted Honeyeater (Helmeted)
Lichenostomus melanops
cassidix
Endangered
100
0.004
Regent Honeyeater
Anthochaera phrygia
Endangered
37.44
38.914
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
Endangered
34.29
26.771
Superb Parrot
Polytelis swainsonii
Vulnerable
26.78
21.081
Gould’s Petrel
Pterodroma leucoptera
leucoptera
Endangered
25.05
0.000
Australasian Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
Endangered
20.8
33.540
Australian Fairy Tern
Sternula nereis nereis
Vulnerable
17.69
4.437
Eastern Bristlebird
Dasyornis brachypterus
Endangered
14.64
3.066
Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)
Calyptorhynchus banksii
graptogyne
Endangered
9.87
0.613
Orange-bellied Parrot
Neophema chrysogaster
Critically
6.68
1.844
THREATENED BIRDS
THREATENED BIRDS
Endangered
Australian Painted Snipe
Rostratula australis
Endangered
1.57
1.332
Plains-wanderer
Pedionomus torquatus
Vulnerable
1.47
0.450
Malleefowl
Leipoa ocellata
Vulnerable
0.43
2.014
Salvin’s Albatross
Thalassarche cauta salvini
Vulnerable
0.04
0.420
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta cauta
Vulnerable
0.03
0.420
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora sanfordi
Endangered
0.03
0.420
Gibson’s Albatross
Diomedea exulans gibsoni
Vulnerable
0.02
0.224
White-capped Albatross
Thalassarche cauta steadi
Vulnerable
0.02
0.420
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
impavida
Vulnerable
0.02
0.208
Chatham Albatross
Thalassarche eremita
Endangered
0.02
0.116
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora
epomophora
Vulnerable
0.02
0.420
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea exulans antipodensis
Vulnerable
0.01
0.235
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)
Vulnerable
0.01
0.235
Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
Vulnerable
0
0.000
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea exulans exulans
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Soft-plumaged Petrel
Pterodroma mollis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Grey-headed Albatross
Thalassarche chrysostoma
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Kermadec Petrel (western)
Pterodroma neglecta neglecta
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Blue Petrel
Halobaena caerulea
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED REPTILES
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Corangamite Water Skink
Eulamprus tympanum marnieae
Endangered
100
1.65
Pink-tailed Worm-lizard,
Pink-tailed Legless Lizard
Aprasia parapulchella
Vulnerable
78.48
12.72
Striped Legless Lizard
Delma impar
Vulnerable
71.53
20.47
Grassland Earless Dragon
Tympanocryptis pinguicolla
Endangered
58.16
0.72
Broad-headed Snake
Hoplocephalus bungaroides
Vulnerable
22.98
3.08
Blue Mountains Water Skink
Eulamprus leuraensis
Endangered
1.91
0.01
THREATENED REPTILES
Guthega Skink
Liopholis guthega
Endangered
0.18
0.0004
Alpine She-oak Skink
Cyclodomorphus praealtus
Endangered
0.03
0.0001
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Hawksbill Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Flatback Turtle
Natator depressus
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Giant Gippsland Earthworm
Megascolides australis
Vulnerable
100
0.32
Macquarie Perch
Macquaria australasica
Endangered
100
0.08
Golden Sun Moth
Synemon plana
Critically
Endangered
91.22
0.54
Yarra Pygmy Perch
Nannoperca obscura
Vulnerable
87.1
0.40
Booroolong Frog
Litoria booroolongensis
Endangered
86.14
5.50
Bathurst Copper Butterfly,
Purple Copper Butterfly,
Bathurst Copper, Bathurst Copper Wing,
Bathurst-Lithgow Copper, Purple Copper
Paralucia spinifera
Vulnerable
84.54
0.43
Glenelg Spiny Freshwater Crayfish,
Pricklyback
Euastacus bispinosus
Endangered
79.04
0.46
Murray Cod
Maccullochella peelii
Vulnerable
77.56
0.05
Green and Golden Bell Frog
Litoria aurea
Vulnerable
72.52
0.38
Spotted Tree Frog
Litoria spenceri
Endangered
70.55
2.52
Variegated Pygmy Perch,
Ewens Pygmy Perch, Golden Pygmy Perch
Nannoperca variegata
Vulnerable
67.74
0.09
Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias
Galaxiella pusilla
Vulnerable
67.45
2.62
Giant Burrowing Frog
Heleioporus australiacus
Vulnerable
64.31
17.20
Northern Corroboree Frog
Pseudophryne pengilleyi
Critically
Endangered
60.42
0.10
Barred Galaxias
Galaxias fuscus
Endangered
58.18
0.08
Yellow-spotted Tree Frog,
Yellow-spotted Bell Frog
Litoria castanea
Endangered
55.92
5.30
Alpine Stonefly
Thaumatoperla alpina
Endangered
49.67
0.33
Growling Grass Frog,
Southern Bell Frog, Green
and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog
Litoria raniformis
Vulnerable
43.88
41.55
Trout Cod
Maccullochella macquariensis
Endangered
39.99
0.08
Stuttering Frog,
Southern Barred Frog (in Victoria)
Mixophyes balbus
Vulnerable
12.96
2.74
Australian Grayling
Prototroctes maraena
Vulnerable
9.74
0.45
Alpine Tree Frog,
Verreaux’s Alpine Tree Frog
Litoria verreauxii alpina
Vulnerable
8.47
0.19
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
Silver Perch, Bidyan
Bidyanus bidyanus
Critically
Endangered
7.28
0.23
Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod
Epinephelus daemelii
Vulnerable
0.4
0.016
Glenelg Freshwater Mussel
Hyridella glenelgensis
Critically
Endangered
0.36
0.00002
Baw Baw Frog
Philoria frosti
Endangered
0.22
0.00006
Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog
Litoria littlejohni
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Southern Corroboree Frog
Pseudophryne corroboree
Critically
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Murray Hardyhead
Craterocephalus fluviatilis
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population)
Carcharias taurus (east coast
population)
Critically
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Whale Shark
Rhincodon typus
Vulnerable
0
n/a
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Snowy River Westringia
Westringia cremnophila
Vulnerable
100
0.06
Dwarf Spider-orchid
Caladenia pumila
Critically
Endangered
100
0.14
Kilsyth South Spider-orchid
Caladenia sp. Kilsyth South
(G.S.Lorimer 1253)
Critically
Endangered
100
0.00
Canberra Spider Orchid
Caladenia actensis
Critically
Endangered
100
0.02
Robust Greenhood
Pterostylis valida
Critically
Endangered
100
0.01
Genowlan Point Pultenaea, Genowlan
Pultenaea
Pultenaea sp. Genowlan Point
(NSW 417813)
Critically
Endangered
100
0.00
Small Golden Moths Orchid, Early Golden Moths
Diuris basaltica
Endangered
100
0.00
Silver Gum, Buxton Gum
Eucalyptus crenulata
Endangered
100
0.03
Grampians Pincushion-lily
Borya mirabilis
Endangered
100
0.01
Imlay Mallee, Mount Imlay Mallee
Eucalyptus imlayensis
Endangered
100
0.00
Adamson’s Blown-grass, Adamson’s
Blowngrass
Lachnagrostis adamsonii
Endangered
100
2.42
None
Zieria parrisiae
Endangered
100
0.00
Sunshine Diuris, Fragrant Doubletail, White
Diuris
Diuris fragrantissima
Endangered
100
0.01
Mongarlowe Mallee
Eucalyptus recurva
Endangered
100
0.01
Charming Spider-orchid
Caladenia amoena
Endangered
100
0.03
Gaping Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum correctum
Endangered
100
0.04
Genoa River Correa
Correa lawrenceana
var. genoensis
Endangered
100
0.02
Tumut Grevillea
Grevillea wilkinsonii
Endangered
100
0.01
THREATENED FLORA
THREATENED FLORA
Enigmatic Greenhood
Pterostylis aenigma
Endangered
100
0.01
None
Westringia kydrensis
Endangered
100
0.05
Mountain Trachymene
Trachymene scapigera
Endangered
100
0.00
None
Zieria obcordata
Endangered
100
0.05
Basalt Greenhood
Pterostylis basaltica
Endangered
100
0.03
Button Wrinklewort
Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides
Endangered
100
2.27
Bog Grevillea
Grevillea acanthifolia subsp.
paludosa
Endangered
100
0.17
Silver-leaf Candlebark,
Mt Canobolas Candlebark
Eucalyptus canobolensis
Endangered
100
0.01
Tuggeranong Lignum
Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong
Endangered
100
0.01
None
Zieria buxijugum
Endangered
100
0.01
Wee Jasper Grevillea
Grevillea iaspicula
Endangered
100
0.01
Bald-tip Beard-orchid
Calochilus richiae
Endangered
100
0.01
Southern Shepherd’s Purse
Ballantinia antipoda
Endangered
100
0.08
Frankston Spider-orchid
Caladenia robinsonii
Endangered
100
0.01
Fringed Spider-orchid
Caladenia thysanochila
Endangered
100
0.01
Pambula Midge-orchid
Genoplesium rhyoliticum
Endangered
100
0.03
None
Zieria formosa
Endangered
100
0.00
Araluen Zieria
Zieria adenophora
Endangered
100
0.00
Strzelecki Gum
Eucalyptus strzeleckii
Vulnerable
100
1.41
Salt-lake Tussock-grass
Poa sallacustris
Vulnerable
100
0.42
Warty Zieria
Zieria tuberculata
Vulnerable
100
0.05
Drooping Grevillea, Ben Major Grevillea
Grevillea floripendula
Vulnerable
100
0.02
Chef’s Cap
Correa baeuerlenii
Vulnerable
100
0.50
Wellington Mintbush
Prostanthera galbraithiae
Vulnerable
100
0.06
Ginninderra Peppercress
Lepidium ginninderrense
Vulnerable
100
0.01
a stringybark
Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp.
miscella
Vulnerable
100
0.00
Small-leaved Gum
Eucalyptus parvula
Vulnerable
100
0.14
Araluen Gum
Eucalyptus kartzoffiana
Vulnerable
100
0.15
Robertson’s Peppermint
Eucalyptus robertsonii subsp.
hemisphaerica
Vulnerable
100
0.06
Grampians Rice-flower
Pimelea pagophila
Vulnerable
100
0.04
Enfield Grevillea
Grevillea bedggoodiana
Vulnerable
100
0.06
Williamsons Bush-pea
Pultenaea williamsoniana
Vulnerable
100
0.05
Buttercup Doubletail
Diuris aequalis
Vulnerable
100
0.23
Aniseed Boronia, Galbraith’s Boronia
Boronia galbraithiae
Vulnerable
100
0.05
Forrester’s Bottlebrush
Callistemon forresterae
Vulnerable
100
0.04
Betka Bottlebrush
Callistemon kenmorrisonii
Vulnerable
100
0.01
Grey Deua Pomaderris
Pomaderris gilmourii
Vulnerable
100
0.01
THREATENED FLORA
var. cana
Pale Pomaderris
Pomaderris pallida
Vulnerable
100
0.37
Budawangs Wallaby-grass
Plinthanthesis rodwayi
Vulnerable
100
0.02
Marble Daisy-bush
Olearia astroloba
Vulnerable
100
0.00
None
Pultenaea parrisiae
Vulnerable
100
0.04
Colquhoun Grevillea, Nowa Nowa Grevillea
Grevillea celata
Vulnerable
100
0.06
None
Leionema ralstonii
Vulnerable
100
0.06
Leafy Nematolepis
Nematolepis frondosa
Vulnerable
100
0.01
None
Nematolepis rhytidophylla
Vulnerable
100
0.00
Shiny Nematolepis
Nematolepis wilsonii
Vulnerable
100
0.00
Mignonette Leek-orchid,
Cobungra Leek-orchid, Dense Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum morganii
Vulnerable
100
0.15
Bredbo Gentian
Gentiana bredboensis
Vulnerable
100
0.01
Parris’ Pomaderris
Pomaderris parrisiae
Vulnerable
100
0.80
Bega Wattle
Acacia georgensis
Vulnerable
100
0.14
Phantom Wattle
Acacia phasmoides
Vulnerable
100
0.04
Langi Ghiran Grevillea
Grevillea montis-cole subsp.
brevistyla
Vulnerable
100
0.00
Grampians Bitter-pea
Daviesia laevis
Vulnerable
100
0.41
Limestone Blue Wattle, Buchan Blue, Buchan
Blue Wattle
Acacia caerulescens
Vulnerable
100
0.09
None
Westringia davidii
Vulnerable
100
0.01
Narrow-leaf Bent-grass
Deyeuxia pungens
Vulnerable
100
0.01
Round-leaf Pomaderris
Pomaderris vacciniifolia
Critically
Endangered
99.96
0.95
River Swamp Wallaby-grass, Floating Swamp
Wallaby-grass
Amphibromus fluitans
Vulnerable
99.94
0.10
French Island Spider-orchid
Caladenia insularis
Vulnerable
99.9
0.05
Rosella Spider-orchid, Little Pink Spider-orchid
Caladenia rosella
Endangered
99.63
0.07
Yass Daisy
Ammobium craspedioides
Vulnerable
99.33
3.00
Fragrant Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum suaveolens
Endangered
98.11
1.07
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a
significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer
to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats
Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea antipodensis
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Black-faced Monarch
Monarcha melanopsis
Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Broad-billed Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus
Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche impavida
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Cattle Egret
Ardea ibis
Chatham Albatross
Thalassarche eremita
Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Double-banded Plover
Charadrius bicinctus
Eastern Curlew
Numenius madagascariensis
Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes
Fork-tailed Swift
Apus pacificus
Gibson’s Albatross
Diomedea gibsoni
Great Egret,
White Egret
Ardea alba
Great Knot
Calidris tenuirostris
Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii
Grey Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Grey-headed Albatross
Thalassarche chrysostoma
Grey-tailed Tattler
Heteroscelus brevipes
Latham’s Snipe,
Japanese Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover
Charadrius mongolus
Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel
Numenius minutus
Little Tern
Sterna albifrons
Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank
Tringa stagnatilis
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea sanfordi
Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel
Charadrius veredus
Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva
Painted Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
(sensu lato)
Rainbow Bee-eater
Merops ornatus
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Red Knot, Knot
Calidris canutus
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Rufous Fantail
Rhipidura rufifrons
Salvin’s Albatross
Thalassarche salvini
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
Short-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus tenuirostris
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Sooty Shearwater
Puffinus griseus
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Spectacled Monarch
Monarcha trivirgatus
Terek Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea dabbenena
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans
(sensu lato)
Wedge-tailed
Shearwater
Puffinus pacificus
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
White-bellied
Sea-Eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-capped
Albatross
Thalassarche steadi
White-throated
Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Terek Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Common name
Scientific name
Bryde’s Whale
Balaenoptera edeni
Dusky Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Flatback Turtle
Natator depressus
Giant Manta Ray, Chevron Manta Ray,
Pacific Manta Ray, Pelagic Manta Ray, Oceanic Manta Ray
Manta birostris
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Hawksbill Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Killer Whale, Orca
Orcinus orca
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark
Lamna nasus
Pygmy Right Whale
Caperea marginata
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Whale Shark
Rhincodon typus
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
Threatened endemic species
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Taxonomic
group
Scientific name
Reservation status
EPBC Act status
IUCN status
Birds
Procellaria parkinsoni
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Birds
Pterodroma baraui
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Birds
Spheniscus magellanicus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Butterflies
Paralucia spinifera
Not recorded
in reserves
Vulnerable
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Austrogammarus australis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Extinct
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Engaeus mallacoota
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Critically
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Engaeus rostrogaleatus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Engaeus sternalis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Critically
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Engaeus urostrictus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Engaeus victoriensis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Euastacus brachythorax
Not recorded in
reserves
n/a
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Euastacus claytoni
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Euastacus diversus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Euastacus rieki
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Gramastacus insolitus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Earthworms
Megascolides australis
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Fish
Galaxias fuscus
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Frogs
Philoria frosti
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Critically
Endangered
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Frogs
Pseudophryne pengilleyi
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
Endangered
Lampreys
Mordacia praecox
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Mammals
Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Endangered
Mammals
Potorous longipes
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Endangered
Molluscs
Hyridella glenelgensis
Not recorded
in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Molluscs
Austropyrgus colensis
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Austropyrgus foris
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Austropyrgus grampianensis
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Victodrobia millerae
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Victodrobia victoriensis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Allocharopa okeana
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Cralopa colliveri
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Plants
Borya mirabilis
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia actensis
Not recorded
in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia aff. venusta (kilsyth
south)
Not recorded
in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia audasii
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia orientalis
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia rosella
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia thysanochila
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Calochilus richiae
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Corunastylis ectopa
Recorded in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Diuris basaltica
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Diuris fragrantissima
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Genoplesium rhyoliticum
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Prasophyllum bagoense
Not recorded
in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Prasophyllum subbisectum
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pterostylis basaltica
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pterostylis x aenigma
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Thelymitra mackibbinii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Ammobium craspedioides
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Olearia astroloba
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Plants
Senecio garlandii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Budawangia gnidioides
Not recorded
in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia caerulescens
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia constablei
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia georgensis
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia phasmoides
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Daviesia laevis
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Pultenaea parrisiae
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Pultenaea sp. genowlan point
Not recorded
in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pimelea pagophila
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Callistemon forresterae
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Callistemon kenmorrisonii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Eucalyptus canobolensis
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Eucalyptus imlayensis
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Eucalyptus kartzoffiana
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Eucalyptus parvula
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Eucalyptus recurva
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Critically
Endangered
Plants
Eucalyptus strzeleckii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Leptospermum thompsonii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Deyeuxia pungens
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Lachnagrostis adamsonii
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Plinthanthesis rodwayi
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Poa sallacustris
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Rytidosperma pumilum
Not recorded
in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Baloskion longipes
Not recorded
in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Grevillea bedggoodiana
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Grevillea iaspicula
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Grevillea infecunda
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Grevillea wilkinsonii
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Grevillea williamsonii
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Hakea dohertyi
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Persoonia marginata
Not recorded
in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Boronia galbraithiae
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Correa baeuerlenii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Plants
Leionema ralstonii
Not recorded
in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Nematolepis frondosa
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Nematolepis rhytidophylla
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Nematolepis wilsonii
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Zieria adenophora
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Zieria buxijugum
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Zieria citriodora
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Zieria covenyi
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Zieria formosa
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Zieria obcordata
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Zieria parrisiae
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Reptiles
Aprasia parapulchella
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Concentrations of unreserved endemic species
The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their
known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be
useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.
Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural
Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records
held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more
information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool
Invasive species
INVASIVE MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat
Felis catus
2.99
99.95
Red Fox, Fox
Vulpes vulpes
3.72
99.84
Rabbit, European Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
4.15
98.98
Domestic Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
8.58
93.02
Brown Hare
Lepus capensis
21.31
92.17
House Mouse
Mus musculus
5.95
92.03
Black Rat, Ship Rat
Rattus rattus
18.79
90.94
Goat
Capra hircus
7.16
66.79
Domestic Cattle
Bos taurus
8.55
63.36
Pig
Sus scrofa
3.86
59.01
Feral deer species in Australia
Feral deer
26.70
44.49
Brown Rat, Norway Rat
Rattus norvegicus
32.01
26.47
Horse
Equus caballus
1.69
10.92
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
25.63
99.98
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
10.64
99.91
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
7.77
99.90
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird
Turdus merula
24.87
99.04
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon
Columba livia
8.70
96.45
Skylark
Alauda arvensis
32.66
91.74
Spotted Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
19.49
70.66
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
22.58
69.52
Common Myna, Indian Myna
Acridotheres tristis
27.32
61.49
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Passer montanus
44.53
53.79
European Greenfinch
Carduelis chloris
51.85
44.51
Song Thrush
Turdus philomelos
96.34
16.73
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
26.08
9.04
Nutmeg Mannikin
Lonchura punctulata
0.81
0.93
Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl
Gallus gallus
40.90
0.08
Common Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
2.46
0.08
Indian Peafowl, Peacock
Pavo cristatus
2.42
0.08
OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
INVASIVE FLORA
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Blackberry, European Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
27.33
99.07
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and
Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except
S.babylonica, S.x calodendron
& S.x reichardtii
31.28
89.66
Gorse, Furze
Ulex europaeus
46.8
81.10
Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock,
Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ)
Nassella trichotoma
61.56
77.54
Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper,
Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus
Asparagus asparagoides
17.62
62.93
Chilean Needle grass
Nassella neesiana
52.42
59.80
Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common
Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom
Cytisus scoparius
53.1
55.07
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
21.35
48.89
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. monilifera
26.38
36.51
Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom,
Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom
Genista monspessulana
51.16
33.18
Prickly Pears
Opuntia spp.
9.18
15.16
Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax
Broom
Genista linifolia
67.24
11.97
Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar
Groundsel
Senecio madagascariensis
14.81
9.44
Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss,
Kariba Weed
Salvinia molesta
6.44
8.52
Alligator Weed
Alternanthera philoxeroides
20.99
7.01
Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White
Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato
Weed, White Nightshade,
Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos,
Silver-leaf Bitter-apple,
Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium
8.4
5.46
Bitou Bush
Chrysanthemoides
monilifera subsp. rotundata
17.79
5.20
Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail,
Mignonette Vine,
Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine,
Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine
Anredera cordifolia
12.07
4.89
Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily
Eichhornia crassipes
10.09
4.12
Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana,
Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana,
Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage,
White Sage, Wild Sage
Lantana camara
1.94
3.96
Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern
Asparagus scandens
46.68
3.91
Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk,
Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk,
Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar
Tamarix aphylla
1.09
3.36
Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead
Sagittaria platyphylla
6.53
2.40
Prickly Pears
Austrocylindropuntia spp.
24.31
1.31
Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern,
Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald
Asparagus aethiopicus
8.93
1.20
INVASIVE FLORA
Asparagus
Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus
Protasparagus plumosus
7.86
1.11
Climbing Asparagus-fern
Asparagus plumosus
7.86
1.11
Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish
Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina
Fanwort, Common Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana
2.58
1.07
Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw
Creeper, Funnel Creeper
Dolichandra unguis-cati
1.36
0.34
Prickly Pears
Cylindropuntia spp.
1.18
0.32
Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper,
Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern,
South African Creeper
Asparagus declinatus
0.4
0.01
Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding
Pine
Pinus radiata
May be present
May be
present
Bitou Bush, Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
May be present
May be
present
Mesquite, Algaroba
Prosopis spp.
May be present
May be
present
Olive, Common Olive
Olea europaea
May be present
May be
present
Ward’s Weed
Carrichtera annua
May be present
May be
present
Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass
Cenchrus ciliaris
May be present
May be
present
Broom
Genista sp. X Genista
monspessulana
May be present
May be
present
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from
the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and
NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological
Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of
management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring
and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
18.29% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus microcarpa; Eucalyptus melliodora; Melaleuca parvistaminea; Melicytus
dentatus; Cassinia arcuata; Eleocharis acuta; Pimelea curviflora; Themeda triandra; Elymus scaber; Microlaena
stipoides; Dianella revoluta; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation.
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Limit or exclude
grazing during
drought, and
spring/ summer
when native
ground cover is in
flower or seed.
Do not plant trees/
shrubs into good
condition, or
derived grassland
sites.
Maintain and
protect paddock
trees as these
provide critical
links for wildlife
movement.
Mow/slash
sporadically and
in a mosaic
pattern in late
summer or
autumn after
native ground
layer plants have
seeded.
Control feral
grazers (deer,
rabbits, goats)
and erect fences
where appropriate
(e.g. of stock
dams, individual
guards for
targeted plants).
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and
weed wiping are
appropriate weed
control measures.
Control feral
predators
including foxes,
dogs, cats and
pigs.
Maintain a 30-50
metre native
vegetation buffer
around remnants
to protect against
incursion by feral
predators, weeds
and spray drift.
Ban firewood
collection and
bush rock
removal.
Retain standing
dead trees and
fallen timber.
Protect from road
widening and
maintenance
activities.
Replant
indigenous
Graze 3-days on;
species if the site
28-days rest in late shows no signs of
summer. 7-days
natural
on; 56-days rest in regeneration after
autumn and winter. two years. Plant
Maintain 80%
trees and shrubs
groundcover
at the same
minimum and a
density evident in
sward height of
local, good quality
10cm at all times.
grassy woodland
Protect paddock
sites.
trees with fencing. Use high quality
Avoid soil
compaction from
vehicles/machinery
or stock camps.
Avoid herbicide
and pesticide
application in or
near remnants.
Avoid cultivation,
Do not permit
ripping and
commercial
excavation.
apiarists to place
bee hives within
3k of the remnant.
seed, of local
provenance if
possible.
Do not allow a full
canopy to develop
(which may shade
out understorey
species). Please
seek advice from
your local NRM
organisation for
advice on
managing canopy
species densities.
Don’t allow the
remnant to
become overly
shrubby.
Please seek
advice from your
local NRM
organisation prior
to undertaking
any fire
management.
Fire intervals
should be a
minimum of 5
years, maximum
of 40 years.
Apply mosaic
burning in small
areas at
staggered
intervals. Retain
unburnt areas.
Ensure that
appropriate weed
control measures
follow any burning
activity.
If few mature,
hollow-bearing
trees are present,
provide bird and
arboreal mammal
nesting boxes.
Monitor boxes
regularly for pest
species such as
Noisy Miners and
Indian Mynas.
Prevent weed
introduction
through adopting
If fallen timber has good hygiene
been removed
measures and
from remnant
minimising soil
sites, add coarse
disturbance.
woody debris (e.g. Don’t stockpile
recycled
topsoil within
untreated timbers) remnant areas.
to provide habitat.
Use machinery
Monitor and
hygiene protocols
manage densities and monitor for
of Eastern Grey
weeds afterwards,
Kangaroos.
including when
ripping to control
rabbits.
Do not push fallen
timber into stacks
or windrows as
these form
harbours for
foxes, rabbits and
cats.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus tall open forests and open forests with ferns, herbs, sedges, rushes or
wet tussock grasses vegetation profile
77.99% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus radiata; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus fastigata; Eucalyptus cypellocarpa;
Eucalyptus globulus; Ozothamnus ferrugineus; Acacia verticillata; Dicksonia antarctica; Cyathea australis;
Leucopogon lanceolatus; Coprosma quadrifida; Olearia lirata; Tetrarrhena juncea; Poa labillardierei; Dianella
tasmanica; fern; tussock grass; forb; rush.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Create buffer
zones around
remnants.
Protect isolated
canopy trees.
Link fragments
with other
remnants to
increase
connectivity.
Re-introduce
habitat features
including rocks
and logs at
previously
disturbed sites.
Eradicate and
prevent reinvasion
of weeds such as
English ivy,
Japanese
honeysuckle,
English holly,
barberry, firethorn
broom,
blackberry, bridal
creeper, Chilean
needle grass and
serrated
tussock.
Manage exotic
pests including
foxes, goats,
rabbits and feral
pigs.
Control and
regulate public
access into
remnants,
including
mountain bikes,
trail bikes
and vehicles.
Avoid run-off in or
near remnants as
it leads to erosion
or increased
sediment
or nutrient levels.
Retain trees,
rocks, fallen
timber
and leaf litter.
Protect from
dumping of
garden waste and
invasion
by garden
plants.
Undertake
restoration works
to restore natural
hydrology where
appropriate.
Use locally
sourced seed and
tube stock for
revegetation.
Check with your
local NRM
organisation for
advice on
collecting, storing
and propagating
local species.
Please seek
advice from your
local NRM
organisation prior
to undertaking any
fire management.
Manage fuel loads
in surrounding
areas and remove
weeds.
Provide maps of
remnant locations
to local fire
brigades.
Vegetation
typically burns
infrequently,
with fire intervals
at a decadal time
scale (possibly up
to a few
hundred years).
Avoid adverse
impacts from
chemicals or other
mechanisms to
manage weeds by
using manual
removal or spot
application
of herbicides.
Avoid
unnecessary
mowing of
understorey.
Manage foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
native species, or
increases in rabbit
populations.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
82.63% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus sieberi; Eucalyptus mannifera;
Eucalyptus polyanthemos; Eucalyptus radiata; Cassinia aculeata; Grevillea alpina; Leptospermum continentale;
Brachyloma daphnoides; Daviesia latifolia; Joycea pallida; Dianella tasmanica; Poa sieberiana; tussock grass;
rush; shrub.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Create native
vegetation buffers
around remnants
with indigenous
species.
Minimise spray
drift from adjacent
agricultural lands.
Minimise
disturbance to see
if natural
regeneration
occurs.
If few, or no
hollow bearing
trees are present
then place nest
boxes for
mammals and
birds on larger
trees within
remnants. Monitor
boxes regularly
(once every three
months) to check
for invasive
species, such as
Indian Myna.
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and
weed wiping are
appropriate weed
control measures.
Manage foxes,
rabbits, cats, feral
pigs and deer.
Protect remnants
from clearing.
Protect from
incursion by trail
bikes, mountain
bikes and other
vehicles.
Ban bush rock
and fallen timber
removal.
Retain
hollow-bearing
trees, and protect
standing
dead trees.
Fence remnants
adjacent to
agricultural lands.
If there is no
evidence of
regeneration, plant
indigenous
species from
locally sourced
seed. Plantings
should replicate
the composition
and structure
found in nearby
high quality
remnants sharing
similar soils and
aspects.
Ensure fencing is
wildlife friendly.
No electrical
fencing of bottom
strand, and no
barbed wire.
Prevent weed
introduction
through
maintaining
hygiene protocols
and minimising
soil disturbance.
Manage foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
native species,
or increases
in rabbit
populations.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile
54.75% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus goniocalyx; Eucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha; Eucalyptus
polyanthemos; Eucalyptus nortonii; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; Cassinia aculeata; Cassinia longifolia; Acacia
dealbata; Pimelea linifolia; Hardenbergia violacea; Epilobium billardierianum; Joycea pallida; Poa sieberiana;
Austrostipa scabra; tussock grass; rush; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Create native
vegetation buffers
around
remnants with
indigenous
species.
Minimise spray
drift from adjacent
agricultural lands.
Minimise
disturbance to see
if natural
regeneration
occurs.
If few, or no
hollow bearing
trees are present
then place nest
boxes for
mammals and
birds on larger
trees within
remnants. Monitor
boxes regularly
(once every three
months) to check
for invasive
species, such as
Indian Myna.
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and
weed wiping are
appropriate weed
control measures.
Manage foxes,
rabbits, cats, feral
pigs and deer.
Protect remnants
from clearing.
Protect from
incursion by trail
bikes, mountain
bikes and other
vehicles.
Ban bush rock
and fallen timber
removal.
Retain hollowbearing
trees, and protect
standing
dead trees.
Fence remnants
adjacent to
agricultural lands.
If there is no
evidence of
regeneration, plant
indigenous
species from
locally sourced
seed. Plantings
should replicate
the composition
and structure
found in nearby
high quality
remnants sharing
similar soils
and aspects.
Ensure fencing is
wildlife friendly.
No electrical
fencing of bottom
strand, and no
barbed wire.
Prevent weed
introduction
through
maintaining
hygiene protocols
and minimising
soil disturbance.
Manage foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
native species, or
increases
in rabbit
populations.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
72.65% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus ovata; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Eucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus baxteri;
Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus viminalis; Melaleuca squarrosa; Leptospermum continentale; Calytrix tetragona;
Xanthorrhoea australis; Acacia verticillata; Drosera peltata; Lepidosperma carphoides; Hypolaena fastigiata;
Tetratheca ciliata; Gahnia radula; Neurachne alopecuroidea; forb; sedge; tussock grass; rush.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation.
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Maintain a 30–50
metre native
vegetation buffer
around remnants
to protect against
incursion by feral
predators, weeds
and spray drift.
Ban firewood
collection and
bush rock
removal. Retain
standing dead
trees and fallen
timber. Protect
from road
widening and
maintenance
activities.
Manage grazing
practices including
avoiding highintensity set
stocking. Limit or
exclude grazing
during drought
periods and during
spring and
summer when
native ground
cover is in flower
or seed.
Do not plant trees/
shrubs into good
condition, or
derived grassland
sites.
If few, or no
hollow bearing
trees are present
then place nest
boxes for
mammals and
birds on larger
trees within
remnants. Monitor
boxes regularly
(once every three
months) to check
for invasive
species, such as
Indian Myna.
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and
weed wiping are
appropriate weed
control measures.
Control feral
grazers (deer,
rabbits, goats)
and erect fences
where appropriate
(e.g. of stock
dams, individual
guards for highly
palatable young
plants).
Do not permit
commercial
apiarists to place
bee hives within
3km of the
remnant.
Avoid herbicide
and pesticide
application in or
near remnants.
Do not direct or
divert run-off into
remnant areas.
Replant native,
indigenous
species if the site
shows no signs of
natural
regeneration after
two years. Plant
trees and shrubs
at the same
density evident in
local, good quality
grassy woodland
sites.
Use high quality
seed, of local
provenance if
possible.
Avoid soil
compaction from
vehicles/machinery Do not allow a full
or stock camps.
canopy to develop
(which may shade
Avoid cultivation,
out understorey
ripping and
species). Please
excavation.
seek advice from
your local NRM
organisation on
managing canopy
species densities.
Please seek
advice from your
local NRM
organisation prior
to undertaking
any fire
management
actions.
A minimum fire
interval of five
years, maximum
of 40 years is
recommended.
Apply mosaic
burning in small
areas at
staggered
intervals. Retain
unburnt areas.
Ensure that
appropriate weed
control measures
follow any burning
activity.
Prevent weed
introduction
through
maintaining
hygiene protocols
and minimising
soil disturbance.
Control feral
predators
including foxes,
dogs, cats and
pigs.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Temperate tussock grasslands
7.30% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Themeda triandra; Allocasuarina verticillata; Poa sieberiana; Poa labillardierei; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; Acacia
melanoxylon; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Acacia paradoxa; Elymus scaber; Austrodanthonia setacea; other grass;
tussock grass; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Prevent trampling
and excessive
grazing pressure.
Consult your local
NRM Organisation
for advice on
appropriate
revegetation
methods.
Ensure any
fencing of
remnants is
wildlife friendly,
is not electrified
and does not
contain
barbed wire.
Manage weeds
including Chilean
Needle Grass,
African
Lovegrass,
Serrated Tussock
Grass and
St John's Wort.
Undertaking
baiting for foxes
and cats.
Purchase good
quality remnants
into reservation
where possible.
Remnants in
travelling stock
routes should be
monitored
carefully to ensure
that they do not
become
degraded.
Avoid soil
disturbance such
as ploughing,
creation of vehicle
tracks, stockpiling,
or rock removal.
Create native
vegetation buffers
of greater than 30
metres.
Graze 3 days on;
28 days rest
period.
Totally exclude
grazing during
spring and
summer flowering
and seeding
periods.
Maintain a
minimum sward
height of 10 cm at
all times (across
all the site).
Rehabilitate sites
with locally
sourced seed.
Monitor closely to
ensure that weed
species do not
compete with
young native
recruits for soil
moisture and light.
Revegetate
between existing
Avoid fertiliser and remnants
herbicide
to reconnect,
application in or
extend and buffer
near remnants.
sites.
Where cropping is
undertaken in
adjacent
paddocks,
minimise spray
drift into
remnants.
Please seek
advice from your
local NRM
organisation prior
to undertaking any
fire management
actions.
Avoid adverse
impacts from
chemicals or other
mechanisms
to manage
weeds.
Avoid disturbance
during peak
flowering season
(no mow/
slash/burn).
Ensure weed
seed not spread
by grazing
or machinery.
Maintain cover of
native
perennials.
Ensure grass
dependent fauna
are not affected
by feral animal
trapping/removal
program.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT