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Supplemental Material
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Table S1. Table of PERMANOVA results comparing environmental variables
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Summary of permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVA)
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examining differences in potential macroalgal productivity factors. Values in bold
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indicate significant effects. df, degrees of freedom.
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Source
df
MS
Pseudo-F
P
Location
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35.52
13.25
<0.01
Site (Location)
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2.67
0.33
1
Residual
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1.43
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Table S2. Summary of GAM best fit models
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Best fit models (and those within 2 AICc units) for total macroalgae and five
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important algal species. Weighting indicates the number this model contributes to
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summed weightings for factor influences.
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df
AICc
Weighting
R2
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-
0.526
0.516
Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Turbidity
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-
0.164
0.434
Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Temperature + Turbidity
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0.61
0.12
0.447
Nitrogen + Phosphorous + Salinity + Turbidity
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0.77
0.111
0.478
Phosphorous + Salinity + Turbidity
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0.83
0.108
0.466
MPA Status + Nitrogen + Phosphorous + Turbidity
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1.39
0.082
0.441
Phosphorous + Nitrogen + Secchi + Turbidity
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1.66
0.071
0.45
Nitrogen + Phosphorous + Secchi + Turbidity
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1.83
0.066
0.43
Water Movement + Nitrogen + Salinity + Secchi
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-
0.032
0.312
Secchi
4
0.37
0.026
0.09
Null Model (No Factors)
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0.66
0.026
0.0001
Salinity
3
0.71
0.023
0.034
Water Movement + Salinity + Secchi
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1.06
0.022
0.274
Model
Total Macroalgae
Phosphorus + Salinity + Secchi + Temperature
Sargassum
Lobophora
Salinity + Secchi
5
1.09
0.019
0.125
Phosphorous
3
1.33
0.018
0.026
Phosphorous + Secchi
5
1.4
0.016
0.155
Water Movement + Phosphorous + Salinity + Secchi
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1.56
0.016
0.3
Nitrogen
3
1.59
0,014
0.186
Grazing + Secchi
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1.63
0.014
0.144
Grazing
5
1.75
0.014
0.04
Water Movement + Salinity
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1.91
0.013
0.07
Water Movement + Grazing + Salinity + Turbidity
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-
0.087
0.322
MPA Status + Water Movement + Salinity + Turbidity
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0.45
0.069
0.273
MPA Status + Grazing
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1.32
0.045
0.227
MPA Status + Grazing + Salinity + Turbidity
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1.71
0.037
0.297
Temperature
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-
0.054
0.09
Water Movement + Temperature
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0.99
0.053
0.114
Secchi
4
1.81
0.022
0.076
Secchi + Turbidity
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1.96
0.02
0.131
Water Movement
3
-
0.032
0.05
Salinity
3
0.63
0.023
0.03
Null Model (No Factors)
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0.68
0.023
0.0001
Salinity + Temperature
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0.74
0.022
0.072
Dictyota
Padina
Asparagopsis
Water Movement + Salinity
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1.01
0.019
0.031
Temperature
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1.13
0.018
0.07
MPA Status + Water Movement
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1.16
0.018
0.062
Water Movement + Temperature
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1.64
0.014
0.062
Phosphorous + Temperature
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1.65
0.014
0.061
Nitrogen
4
1.7
0.014
0.058
Salinity + Turbidity
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1.84
0.013
0.057
Water Movement + Phosphorous
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1.91
0.012
0.057
Water Movement + Turbidity3
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1.93
0.012
0.016
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Table S3. Table of PERMANOVA results comparing relative grazing rates
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Summary of permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVA)
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examining grazing rates between Sampling period, Location and MPA Status. Values
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in bold indicate significant effects. df, degrees of freedom.
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Source
df
MS
Pseudo-F
P
Location
2
0.005
1.81
0.18
Sampling
3
0.001
0.49
0.66
MPA Status
1
0.004
1.59
0.23
Location x Sampling
6
0.005
1.97
0.1
Location x MPA Status
2
0.001
0.39
0.67
Sampling x MPA Status
3
0.001
0.37
0.78
6
0.0001
0.007
0.99
Sampling x MPA x
Location
Residual
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Figure S1- Map of EHMP water quality sampling sites for GIS interpolations
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Figure S2. Values for grazing rates and water movement
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Values (±1 SE) for (A) grazing rates from Catenella algal deployments and (B) relative
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water movement from clod card deployments for each site at each sampling event.
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Figure S3- Water Quality Values
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Values for (A) turbidity in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), (B) temperature in
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degrees Celsius, (C) salinity in parts per thousand, (D) secchi disc depth in meters, (E)
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total nitrogen concentration in micromoles and, (F) total phosphorus concentration
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in micromoles.
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Figure S4- GAM Correlation plots
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Correlation plots from GAM outputs for (A) Total Macroalgae, (B) Sargassum, (C)
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Lobophora, (D) Dictyota, (E) Padina and (F) Asparagopsis. ‘s’ on the y axis indicates
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the application of a smoother in the GAM function and numbers indicate the
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estimated degrees of freedom of the smooth function. Shaded grey regions indicate
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95% confidence intervals.
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Figure S5. Grazing data grouped by MPA status
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Values (±1 SE) for (A) grazing rates from Catenella algal deployments grouped by no-
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take MPA/fished status for each location at each sampling event. Figure corresponds
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to analysis in Table S3.
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