Mitosis/Meiosis
Learning Packet
Name: __________________________
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Directions and Contents:
1. Read Chapter 13 (Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles)
2. Review Chapter 12 (The Cell Cycle)
3. Go to: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/how-cells-divide.html
and complete Pg 3 -5 of Learning Packet
4. Fill in the Mitosis/Meiosis comparison chart on Pg 6
5. Read and complete the discussion on Pg 7
6. Research the topics indicated on Pg 8 and write a report
7. Complete the Review Quiz on Pg 9-11
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Mitosis and Meiosis Online Lab
Answer the following questions using the provided links.
1. Click here http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html
2. How many steps to complete Mitosis? ___________ Meiosis? ___________
3. Go to the last step in Meiosis. What does it say about “daughter cells”?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________ __
______________Recently
in the media news there has been a lot of discussion about “stem
cells”. Click here http://www.dnalc.org/stemcells.html
4. What is a blastocyst? How many cells does it
have?_______________________________________
On the next slide what does it say about the potential of stem
cells?_______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______Where
are the cells placed to develop?
___________________________________________________
5. Look at the last slide. What do they hope these cells can be used for?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________
Here is another picture of a blastocyst the pink cells are the stem cells.
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6. Where is the blastocyst located?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______This
shows you how big it is. Compare the stem cell to the dime. (Here are some
real ones!)
Look at the following about cancer;
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cancer/grow_flash.html
On the second to last slide
it talks about why cancer cells are so dangerous.
7. What does “metastasize"
mean?___________________________________________________
8. And why is it so dangerous?
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______
9. What is
Meiosis?______________________________________________________________
Use this RESOURCE to browse through each part.
Part 1: Reproduction
Give an example of asexual
reproduction.__________________________________________
What is a clone? _____________________________________________________________
Name the two types of gametes produced by
meiosis._________________________________
Part 2: Chromosomes in a Diploid Cell
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What is the diploid chromosome number for humans?
__________________________________
Egg and sperm cells are [ haploid / diploid ] Circle one
Part 3: Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
Name the stage of meiosis 1 where each of the following occurs:
Homologous chromosomes pair and form
synapses
____________________________________
___
Paired Chromosomes (bivalents) align at
metaphase plate
____________________________________
___
Two complete daughter cells form
____________________________________
___
Nuclear membrane disappears.
____________________________________
___
Nuclear membrane reforms.
____________________________________
___
Chromosomes move to separate poles.
____________________________________
___
View the meiosis 1 and 2 animation
At the end of meiosis 2, each cell contains how many chromosomes? ___________
Part 4: A Review of Meiosis
Name and describe 2 errors that can occur during meiosis.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________ ___________________________________________________
_____________
Check out the following videos: Meiosis
Conclusion
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10.
Describe the differences between daughter cells produced by meiosis and
daughter cells produced by mitosis.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
11. Review the diagram, and fill in the correct number of chromosomes per human
cell in each blank.
Mother _____
Meiosis ↓
egg _____
Father _____
Meiosis ↓
sperm _____
Fertilization
zygote _____
Mitosis ↓
Embryo _____
Mitosis ↓
baby _____
12. How many chromosomes are there in a human skin cell produced by mitosis?
________
How many chromosomes are there in a human sperm cell produced by meiosis?
_______
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
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Discussion: Why Sex?
As you already learned, organisms can reproduce asexually (using mitosis), sexually
(using meiosis and fertilization) or both. In some cases, the environmental conditions
determine how an organism will reproduce. Asexual reproduction produces individuals
that are genetically identical to their parent, and in sexual organisms, mitosis of
somatic cells produces cells for growth and repair.
Sexual reproduction requires more energy and material (contributed from two cells)
than asexual reproduction, yet it is the most common form of reproduction among
multicellular organisms. There has to be some advantage to sexual reproduction.
Consider Homo sapiens with their 46 chromosomes, or more accurately, 23 homologous
pairs of chromosomes. A male can produce 223 different combinations of sperm cells
(8,388,608 different chromosome combos) and the female can produce this
combination of egg cells. Together, one couple has a mind-boggling variety of
combinations in prospective offspring. This does not take into account the possibility of
mutations and other recombination of the DNA involved.
Give 2 reasons, supported with evidence, explaining the advantages of sexual
reproduction.
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Research and Application
This topic may seem to only be a great deal of memorization, but in fact, it has a very
practical (active) application to disease, genetics, industry, aging and improving the
quality of life.
Using the key words given below, research both these areas on the internet and give a
concise, two-page, typed, 12-point font, double-spaced report about how these topics
are related to mitosis and/or meiosis and why this is important to either disease,
genetics, aging or improving the quality of life.
The idea is to research both topics before choosing one to discuss in your report.
Place your hand-written notes about each in the space below.
Apoptosis
Telomeres
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Mitosis and Meiosis Review Quiz
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each question carefully. Circle the letter of the BEST ANSWER.
1. Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results
from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
A. two stages of cell division
B. replication of cellular genetic material
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
2. Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation in a population?
A. Parthenogenesis
B. asexual reproduction
C. sexual reproduction
D. vegetative reproduction
3. Which row in the chart on the right indicates the correct
process for each event indicated?
A. row 1
B. row 2
C. row 3
D. row 4
4. Which of the following best compares the processes of
mitosis and meiosis?
A. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in
diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes.
B. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and
results in diploid daughter cells.
C. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and
results in haploid gametes.
D. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and
results in diploid daughter cells.
5. Which of the following best explains why meiosis results in greater genetic diversity than mitosis?
A. After meiosis, daughter cells are diploid and have twice as much genetic material, which can be divided in
many more possible combinations.
B. After meiosis, haploid daughter cells are fertilized, which doubles their number of chromosomes and
increases the number of possible genes.
C. During meiosis, chromosomes assort themselves independently of each other, which allows for more
different possible combinations of chromosomes.
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D. During meiosis, more daughter cells are produced, which increases the likelihood that fertilization will
occur.
6. Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram on the right?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
7. The diagram on the right shows two strawberry
plants. Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If
the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how
many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of
Plant 2?
A. 14
B. 28
C. 56
D. 112
8. Which of the following occurs during mitosis?
A. The cell membrane pinches one cell into two.
B. The chromosomes of the parent cell are copied.
C. The parent cell takes in nutrients and doubles in size.
D. The nucleus of the parent cell divides into two nuclei.
9. In a single celled organism, mitosis is used for
A. development.
B. reproduction.
C. growth.
D. repair
10. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development and
A. apoptosis
B. repair
C. reproduction
D. interphase
11. Why is it important for the daughter cells to divide a second time in meiosis?
A. The second division switches parts of matching chromatids to increase genetic variation.
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B. The second division forms four identical cells to ensure that all
offspring have the same traits.
C. The second division sorts chromosomes into cells that are the
same as the parent cells.
D. The second division forms haploid cells that can combine with
other haploid cells during fertilization.
12. The diagram on the right shows a cellular process that occurs in
organisms. What is the name of this process?
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. endocytosis
D. phagocytosis
13. What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?
A. They duplicate.
B. They separate.
C. They remain together.
D. They do not take part.
14. The diagram on the right shows homologous chromosomes during
prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the
process being illustrated?
A. mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered
B. segregation of sister chromatids
C. condensation and segregation of alleles
D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
15. Which of the following best describes how the process of crossing over during meiosis leads to an increase in
genetic diversity?
A. During prophase I, DNA replication takes place and homologous chromosomes trade places with each
other before lining up in preparation for metaphase.
B. During prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes resulting in different
combinations of alleles.
C. During prophase II, fragments of DNA break off of chromosomes and attach to the ends of other
chromosomes, resulting in different gene sequences.
D. During prophase II, sister chromatids separate from each other, and as they travel to opposite ends of the
cell, DNA segments of nearby chromosomes are exchanged.
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