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2
3
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Fangguo Zhai
1,2
, Dunxin Hu
2
, Qingye Wang
2
, Fujun Wang
2
10
11
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1. Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005,
8
China
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2. Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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The auxiliary materials contain four figures and detailed comparison of the SBL trends
16 in SODA224, SODA226 and SODA2024.
17
18 text01.docx - describes the comparison of the SBL trend in SODA224 and those in
19
SODA226 and SODA2024.
20

21 fs01.eps – Figure S1.
(a) Linear trends (m s
-1
Year
-1
; color) and annual mean (m s
-1
;
22 contours) of the zonal velocity across 160.25°E as a function of depth and latitude. (b)
23
Linear trends (m s
-1
Year
-1
; color) and annual mean (m s
-1
; contours) of the meridional
24 velocity as a function of depth and latitude averaged within a 2° longitude band off
25 the Australian coast. (c) Linear trends (m s
-1
Year
-1
; color) and annual mean (m s
-1
;
26 contours) of the meridional velocity across 20.25°S as a function of depth and
27 longitude. (d) Same as (c) but across 13.75°S. (e) Linear trends (m s
-1
Year
-1
; color)
28 and annual mean (m s
-1 ; contours) of the zonal velocity across 142.25°E as a function
29 of depth and latitude. (f) Linear trends (m s
-1
Year
-1
; color) and annual mean (m s
-1
;
30 contours) of the zonal velocity along the equator as a function of depth and longitude.
31
Eastward/westward are positive (gray lines)/negative (black lines) for zonal velocities,
32 and northward/southward are positive (gray lines)/negative (black lines) for
33 meridional velocities. The geographic locations of these sections are indicated in
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Figure 2a.
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36 fs02.eps – Figure S2 . (a) Same as Figure 2a but only for the horizontal currents in the
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Indonesian throughflow (ITF) region. Magenta arrows indicate current trend vectors
38 with magnitudes >=2.0×10 -3
m s
-1
Year
-1
and divided by 4.6. (b) Same as Figure 2b
39 but only for the horizontal currents in the ITF region. Magenta arrows indicate current
40 trend vectors with magnitudes >=2.0×10
-3
m s
-1
Year
-1
and divided by 6.1. SS stands

41 for Sulawesi Sea, MS for Makassar Strait, FS for Flores Sea, BS for Banda Sea, HI
42 for Halmahera Island, and HS for Halmahera Sea.
43
44 fs03.eps – Figure S3 . (a) Yearly time series of NBL from SODA224 (red line), control
45 run (blue line) and from EXP1 (black line). Note that yearly time series of NBL from
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EXP2/EXP3 are same as those in EXP1/CTL, respectively. (b) Same as (a) but for the
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SBL. The yearly time series of SBL from EXP2/EXP3 are same as those in
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CTL/EXP1, respectively. In (a) and (b), that yearly time series of NBL and SBL
49 instead of their monthly time series are shown is for easy comparison. (c) Linear SSH
50 trend (mm Year
-1
) in the tropical Pacific Ocean from EXP1. Regions enclosed by
51 solid magenta lines are with SSH trends significant at the 95% confidence level. (d)
52 and (e) same as (c) but from EXP2 and EXP3, respectively.
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54 fs04.eps – Figure S4 . (a) Seasonal variations of the SBL linear trend in SODA224
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(red) over 1950-2010, SODA226 (green) over 1950-2008, and SODA2024 (blue) over
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1958-2007. The SBL trend values corresponding to “T” of the horizontal axis are
57 calculated with monthly time series over the entire period. The SBL trend values
58 significant above 95% confidence level are indicated as asterisks. (b) Linear trends in
59 the SSH (mm Year
-1
) and upper layer horizontal currents (m s
-1
Year
-1
) in the tropical
60
Pacific Ocean from SODA224 over 1999-2010. Current trend vectors with
61 magnitudes <0.01 m s
-1
Year
-1
are displayed as black arrows, while those with

62 magnitudes >=0.01 m s
-1
Year
-1
are divided by 2.8 and displayed as magenta arrows.
63
(c) Linear trends in the sea surface wind stress (N m -2 Year -1 ) and wind-induced
64 Ekman pumping velocity (×10 -7
m s
-1
Year
-1
) in the tropical Pacific Ocean from
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SODA224 over 1999-2010.
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67
68
Balmaseda, M. A., A. Vidard, and D. L. T. Anderson (2008), The ECMWF Ocean
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Analysis System: ORA-S3, Mon. Weather Rev.
, 136 , 3018-3034.
70
Carton, J. A., G. Chepurin, X. Cao, and B. S. Giese (2000), A simple ocean data
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72 assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950–95. Part I: methodology,
74
Phys. Oceanogr.
, 30 , 294–309.
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Carton, J. A., and B. S. Giese (2008), A reanalysis of ocean climate using simple ocean data assimilation (SODA), Mon. Weather Rev.
, 136 , 2999–3017,
J.
75 doi:10.1175/2007MWR1978.1.
76
Chen, Z., and L. Wu (2012), Long term change of the Pacific North Equatorial
77
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Current bifurcation in SODA, J. Geophys. Res.
, 117 , C06016,
80 doi:10.1029/2011JC007814.
79
Compo, G. P., et al. (2011), The twentieth century reanalysis project, Q. J. R.
Meteorol. Soc.
, 137 , 1-28, doi: 10.1002/qj.776.
81 Giese, B. S., and S. Ray (2011), El Niño variability in simple ocean data assimilation
82
(SODA), 1871–2008, J. Geophys. Res.
, 116 , C02024, doi:10.1029/2010JC006695.

83 Köhl, A., and D. Stammer (2008), Variability of the Meridional Overturning in the
84
85
North Atlantic from the 50-Year GECCO State Estimation, J. Phys. Oceanogr.
38 , 1913-1930.
86
Milliff, R. F., J. Morzel, D. B. Chelton, M. H. Freilich (2004), Wind stress curl and
,
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88 wind stress divergence biases from rain effects on QSCAT surface wind retrievals,
J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.
, 21 , 1216–1231.
89
Schott, F. A., L. Stramma, B. S. Giese, and R. Zantopp (2009), Labrador Sea
90
91 convection and subpolar North Atlantic Deep Water export in the SODA assimilation model, Deep Sea Res.
, 56 , 926-938.
92 Yang, C. and B. S. Giese (2013), El Niño Southern Oscillation in an ensemble ocean
93
94 reanalysis and coupled climate models, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20284.
J. Geophys. Res.
, 118 , 4052-4071,