Functional Group Practice
Biology 6.0
Name:
Date:
Period:
Directions: In the following activity, you are going to build different types of simple organic molecules. After
each step you should return back to the original molecule, before proceeding to the next arrangement.
Follow the directions to this lab very carefully. For each direction that cannot be followed you will lose
one point. You have been warned! 
A. Build the molecule
B. Name the molecule, when applicable
C. Obtain Teacher’s Initial
D. Once approved, then draw structure
1. Build the molecule, pentane, using your model kit.
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw the 2-D image of the model below. (You must draw the chemical symbol for Hydrogen wherever H is found)
2. Make the model from step #1 into an alkene by making a double bond between the 2nd and 3rd carbon. Name
this molecule.
Name this molecule: __________________________
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw a 2-D image of this molecule.
3. Remove a hydrogen atom from the 3rd carbon and in its place you are going to add a methyl group. A
methyl group is a branch off of the carbon skeleton that has only one carbon surrounded by 3 hydrogen
atoms. Build this molecule.
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw a 2-D Image of this molecule.
Naming this molecule:
Step 1: Which carbon does the branch connect to on the carbon skeleton? ________
Step 2: How many carbon atoms are in the branch (Not including the carbon that is a part of the carbon
skeleton? ______ What is the prefix associated with that number? _________ Add the suffix –yl to the
prefix from the previous question to make __________.
Step 3: What would the name of the carbon skeleton be if there was no branch attached to the molecule?
_____________
Step 4: Take the last blank in each of the previous steps and put them together!
____ __________ ________________
4. Carbonyl Functional Group (Aldehydes) Remove two hydrogen atoms from the 1st carbon. In their place,
attach one oxygen atom using a double bond.
Name of Molecule: __________________________
Teacher’s Initial _____________
Draw the 2-D image. (Circle the Aldehyde functional group including the carbon within the skeleton)
5. Carbonyl Functional Group (Ketones) Remove two hydrogen atoms from a carbon atom that is NOT on
the end. (You have three to choose from!) In their place, add a double bonded oxygen.
Name of Molecule: __________________________
Draw the 2-D image. (Circle the Functional Group)
Teacher’s Initial _____________
6. Hydroxyl Functional Group (Alcohols): Remove one hydrogen from any carbon atom. In its place add a
single bonded oxygen to the open location. Add another hydrogen atom to the unpaired location on the
oxygen atom.
Name of Molecule: _____________________________
Teacher’s Initial _____________
Draw a 2-D model and circle the functional group. A functional group is anything that has been added to the carbon
skeleton, but it also includes the carbon that within the carbon skeleton.
7. Carboxyl Functional Group (Acids): Remove three hydrogen atoms from an end carbon. Attach a double
bonded oxygen to the end. Also, attach a 2nd oxygen atom to the open location via a single bond. Fill the
unpaired electron on the second oxygen with a hydrogen atom.
Name of Molecule: ___________________________________
Draw a 2-D model and circle the functional group.
Teacher’s initial _____________
8. Sulfhydryl functional group (thiols): Remove one hydrogen from ANY carbon atom. Attach a Sulfur atom
to the carbon. A sulfur atom has 6 valence electrons. In the other unpaired electron, add a hydrogen atom.
Teacher’s initial _____________
Name of Molecule: _________________________________
Draw a 2-D model and circle the functional group.
Part 2: Circle the functional group on each of the following hydrocarbons. Name the compound.
1.
2.
Functional Group:
Functional Group:
Compound Name:
Compound Name:
3.
4.
Functional Group:
Functional Group:
Compound Name:
Compound Name :
Circle the functional groups that are in each molecule. More than one functional group can be found in a
molecule.
Formaldehyde is the starting point for making many chemicals.
Functional Group(s):
Formic acid gives ant venom its sting.
Functional Group(s):
Lactic acid builds up as a waste product in exercising muscles and makes them
feel tired.
Functional Group(s):
Ethylene glycol is in automobile antifreeze.
Functional Group(s):
Acrolein is produced when meat is heated (burnt fat); it is the barbecue smell.
Functional Group(s):
Serine is part of many protein molecules.
Functional Group(s):
Urea is a waste product in urine.
Functional Group(s):
Putresine’s name is descriptive; it is produced in rotting flesh from the
breakdown of amino acids.
Functional Group(s):
G3P is an intermediate step in plant’s production of sugar.
Functional Group(s):