Conservation Management Zones of Australia
Tasmanian Temperate Rainforests and Highland Forests
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation
Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were
provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of
Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic
community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks
Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert
Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson
(ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the
World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled
identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use
under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the
Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by
third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5
Population characteristics ............................................................................................................ 9
Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 14
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 17
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 20
Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 22
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 23
World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 24
Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 24
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ............................................................... 25
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 26
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 29
Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 31
Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 33
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ........................................................... 35
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past
and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep
spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including
Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological
and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will
assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report
on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with
local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and
socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge
and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about
regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or
governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental
assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to
engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural
resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic
landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain
only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In
future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
TOWNS AND LOCALITIES
POPULATION
Queenstown
1,979
Rosebery
920
Strahan
661
Tullah
192
Waratah
250
Zeehan
725
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS
NRM Cradle Coast
TAS
NRM North
TAS
NRM South
TAS
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Dairy
$23
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Vegetables for consumption
$10
Beef
$8
Nurseries and cut flowers
$5
Other broadacre crops
$1
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$52
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*
Mean annual temperature
8.7 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month
18.4 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month
1.7 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall
2051.8 mm
Dominant rainfall season
Winter
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of
rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012)
Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of
Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces
version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Native Title area
Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it
continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous
persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National
Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
English
92.48%
Other languages
1.93%
Not stated
5.40%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Source:
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and
sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility
for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to
assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key
environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey
(LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses
across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area
2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only.
For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228
broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame.
The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this
reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents
who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government
Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping
Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program
(ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to:
http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
Tasmanian Aboriginal Land and Sea Council: www.talsc.net.au
Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone,
it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to
Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Central Coast Council
TAS
Central Highlands Council
TAS
Circular Head Council
TAS
Derwent Valley Council
TAS
Huon Valley Council
TAS
Kentish Council
TAS
Meander Valley Council
TAS
Northern Midlands Council
TAS
Southern Midlands Council
TAS
Waratah-Wynyard Council
TAS
West Coast Council
TAS
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification
system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and
distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation
distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation
mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types
across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums
(e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type
occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present
are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is
of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on
vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater
discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia.
For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia.
In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass
understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone
(58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical
Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately
19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only
provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
RAMSAR WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
Interlaken (Lake Crescent)
TAS
513
For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-ourenvironment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Allwrights Lagoon
TAS
36.1
5
Clarence Lagoon
TAS
39.2
5
Great Lake
TAS
16,421.6
5
Hatfield Sphagnum
TAS
1.1
1, 5
Interlaken Lakeside Reserve
TAS
0.1
1, 3, 5
Kemps Marsh
TAS
347.6
2, 3, 5
Lake Ashwood
TAS
7.2
1, 5
Lake Bantick
TAS
4.9
1, 5
Lake Garcia
TAS
5.7
1, 5
Lake Kaye
TAS
29.7
5
Lake Lea
TAS
151.2
1
Lake Surprise
TAS
18.7
5
Maggs Mountain Sphagnum
TAS
1.1
5
Mt Rufus Sphagnum
TAS
1.1
1, 5
Shadow Lake Sphagnum
TAS
19.5
1, 5
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major
wetland system/complex.
3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or
provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or
vulnerable at the national level.
6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more
information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
HERITAGE VALUES
WORLD OR NATIONAL
HERITAGE
TYPE
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
% OF
ZONE
Tasmanian Wilderness
World and National
Natural
TAS
1,162,353
49.82
Western Tasmania
Aboriginal Cultural
Landscape
National
Indigenous
TAS
7,754
0.33
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these
heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australianheritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Name
Property type
IUCN
category
Jurisdiction
Hectares
% of zone
Southwest
National Park
II
TAS
413,882
17.74
Franklin-Gordon
Wild Rivers
National Park
II
TAS
395,678
16.96
Southwest
Conservation Area
VI
TAS
168,928
7.24
Cradle Mountain-Lake
St Clair
National Park
II
TAS
142,716
6.12
Central Plateau
Conservation Area
VI
TAS
92,926
3.98
Arthur-Pieman
Conservation Area
VI
TAS
75,995
3.26
Meredith Range
Regional Reserve
VI
TAS
71,417
3.06
Walls of Jerusalem
National Park
II
TAS
49,060
2.10
Mount Dundas
Regional Reserve
VI
TAS
38,861
1.67
Donaldson River
Nature Recreation Area
V
TAS
30,664
1.31
Savage River Pipeline
Forest Reserve
IV
TAS
26,092
1.12
Granite Tor
Conservation Area
VI
TAS
22,448
0.96
Savage River
Regional Reserve
VI
TAS
19,691
0.84
Great Western Tiers
Conservation Area
VI
TAS
18,985
0.81
West Coast Range
Regional Reserve
VI
TAS
18,050
0.77
Mount Heemskirk
Regional Reserve
VI
TAS
16,669
0.71
Savage River
National Park
II
TAS
15,613
0.67
Reynolds Falls
Nature Recreation Area
V
TAS
13,374
0.57
Tyndall
Regional Reserve
VI
TAS
12,693
0.54
Great Lake
Conservation Area
V
TAS
8,807
0.38
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve
Ib Wilderness Area
IUCN protected area management categories classify
protected areas according to their management
objectives. The categories are recognised by international
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by
many national governments, including the Australian
Government, as the global standard for defining and
recording protected areas.
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Name
Listing status
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens
Endangered
81.70
1.78
Lowland Native Grasslands of Tasmania
Critically
Endangered
5.31
0.00
Giant Kelp Marine Forests of South East Australia
Endangered
n/a
n/a
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution
of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that
the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone.
Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone
in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may
be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For
more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
THREATENED MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Spotted-tail Quoll, Spot-tailed Quoll, Tiger Quoll
(Tasmanian population)
Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
(Tasmanian population)
Vulnerable
36.35
91.64
Tasmanian Devil
Sarcophilus harrisii
Endangered
36.14
99.95
Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Tasmania)
Perameles gunnii gunnii
Vulnerable
1.97
2.53
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
* Population in Stirling Ranges National Park, otherwise thought to be locally extinct.
THREATENED BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Tasmanian Azure Kingfisher
Ceyx azureus diemenensis
Endangered
49.34
35.63
Wedge-tailed Eagle (Tasmanian)
Aquila audax fleayi
Endangered
34.02
99.98
Masked Owl (Tasmanian)
Tyto novaehollandiae castanops
(Tasmanian population)
Vulnerable
7.86
11.51
Orange-bellied Parrot
Neophema chrysogaster
Critically
Endangered
6.13
16.65
Australasian Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
Endangered
2.52
40.11
Australian Fairy Tern
Sternula nereis nereis
Vulnerable
0.30
0.75
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
Endangered
0.03
0.23
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
impavida
Vulnerable
0.01
0.87
Gibson’s Albatross
Diomedea exulans gibsoni
Vulnerable
0.01
0.55
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora sanfordi
Endangered
0.01
0.87
Salvin’s Albatross
Thalassarche cauta salvini
Vulnerable
0.01
0.87
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta cauta
Vulnerable
0.01
0.87
Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
Vulnerable
0.01
0.56
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea exulans exulans
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Soft-plumaged Petrel
Pterodroma mollis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Blue Petrel
Halobaena caerulea
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea exulans antipodensis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora
epomophora
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Gould’s Petrel
Pterodroma leucoptera
leucoptera
Endangered
n/a
n/a
THREATENED BIRDS
White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Sea),
White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian)
Fregetta grallaria grallaria
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Grey-headed Albatross
Thalassarche chrysostoma
Endangered
n/a
n/a
White-capped Albatross
Thalassarche cauta steadi
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED REPTILES
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Saddled Galaxias
Galaxias tanycephalus
Vulnerable
100
0.44
Golden Galaxias
Galaxias auratus
Endangered
100
0.65
Arthurs Paragalaxias
Paragalaxias mesotes
Endangered
100
0.36
Great Lake Paragalaxias
Paragalaxias eleotroides
Vulnerable
100
0.74
Shannon Paragalaxias
Paragalaxias dissimilis
Vulnerable
100
0.74
Maugean Skate, Port Davey Skate
Zearaja maugeana
Endangered
96.85
0.28
Swamp Galaxias
Galaxias parvus
Vulnerable
93.78
4.72
Ptunarra Brown, Ptunarra Brown Butterfly,
Ptunarra Xenica
Oreixenica ptunarra
Endangered
68.54
8.95
Clarence Galaxias
Galaxias johnstoni
Endangered
57.33
0.15
Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster, Giant
Lobster, Giant Freshwater Crayfish
Astacopsis gouldi
Vulnerable
17.96
1.91
Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green
and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog
Litoria raniformis
Vulnerable
1.01
9.46
Australian Grayling
Prototroctes maraena
Vulnerable
0.59
0.27
Marrawah Skipper, Alpine Sedge Skipper,
Alpine Skipper
Oreisplanus munionga larana
Vulnerable
0.41
0.01
Ziebell’s Handfish, Waterfall Bay Handfish
Brachiopsilus ziebelli
Vulnerable
0.20
0.003
Swan Galaxias
Galaxias fontanus
Endangered
0.03
0.00001
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias
Galaxiella pusilla
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper
Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Southern Bluefin Tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
THREATENED FLORA
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
King’s Lomatia
Lomatia tasmanica
Critically
Endangered
100
0.04
Funnel Heath, Smooth Heath
Epacris glabella
Endangered
100
0.32
Miena Cider Gum
Eucalyptus gunnii subsp.
divaricata
Endangered
100
13.79
Liawenee Greenhood
Pterostylis pratensis
Vulnerable
96.97
5.69
Mountain Poranthera
Poranthera petalifera
Vulnerable
90.41
0.11
Pedder Centrolepis, Pedder Bristlewort
Centrolepis pedderensis
Endangered
87.76
1.11
Crowded Leek-Orchid
Prasophyllum crebriflorum
Endangered
83.80
0.65
Pearlwort
Sagina diemensis
Endangered
32.21
0.60
Curtis’ Colobanth
Colobanthus curtisiae
Vulnerable
19.74
12.42
Windswept Spider-orchid
Caladenia dienema
Endangered
18.07
0.10
Alpine Leafy Liverwort
Pseudocephalozia paludicola
Vulnerable
17.41
0.02
Pretty Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum pulchellum
Critically
Endangered
16.56
0.19
Native Wintercress, Riverbed Wintercress
Barbarea australis
Endangered
15.51
3.31
Maidenhair Spleenwort
Asplenium hookerianum
Vulnerable
10.51
0.04
Curly Sedge
Carex tasmanica
Vulnerable
5.27
8.01
Basalt Pepper-cress, Peppercress,
Rubble Pepper-cress, Pepperweed
Lepidium hyssopifolium
Endangered
4.30
3.09
Midlands Mimosa, Midlands Wattle
Acacia axillaris
Vulnerable
4.30
0.46
Hoary Sunray, Grassland Paper-daisy
Leucochrysum albicans var.
tricolor
Endangered
3.75
6.25
Northern Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum secutum
Endangered
1.91
0.24
South Esk Heath
Epacris exserta
Endangered
0.66
0.21
Clover Glycine, Purple Clover
Glycine latrobeana
Vulnerable
0.24
0.86
Swamp Everlasting
Xerochrysum palustre
Vulnerable
0.02
0.01
Midland Greenhood
Pterostylis commutata
Critically
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Black-tipped Spider-orchid
Caladenia anthracina
Critically
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Ben Lomond Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum stellatum
Critically
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Fleshy Greenhood
Pterostylis wapstrarum
Critically
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Grassland Greenhood,
Cape Portland Greenhood
Pterostylis ziegeleri
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
River Swamp Wallaby-grass,
Floating Swamp Wallaby-grass
Amphibromus fluitans
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Matted Flax-lily
Dianella amoena
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a
significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer
to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats
Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea antipodensis
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche impavida
Cattle Egret
Ardea ibis
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Double-banded Plover
Charadrius bicinctus
Flesh-footed Shearwater,
Fleshy-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes
Fork-tailed Swift
Apus pacificus
Gibson’s Albatross
Diomedea gibsoni
Great Egret,
White Egret
Ardea alba
Grey-headed Albatross
Thalassarche chrysostoma
Latham’s Snipe,
Japanese Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea sanfordi
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
Salvin’s Albatross
Thalassarche salvini
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Short-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus tenuirostris
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Sooty Shearwater
Puffinus griseus
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea dabbenena
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans
(sensu lato)
MIGRATORY BIRDS
White-bellied Sea-Eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-capped
Albatross
Thalassarche steadi
White-throated
Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Common name
Scientific name
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Dusky Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Killer Whale, Orca
Orcinus orca
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark
Lamna nasus
Pygmy Right Whale
Caperea marginata
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
Threatened endemic species
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Taxonomic
group
Scientific name
Reservation status
EPBC Act status
IUCN status
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Allanaspides helonomus
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Allanaspides hickmani
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Onchotelson brevicaudatus
Unreserved
n/a
Vulnerable
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Onchotelson spatulatus
Unreserved
n/a
Vulnerable
Crabs, Yabbies,
Isopods and Allies
Uramphisopus pearsoni
Unreserved
n/a
Vulnerable
Fish
Galaxias parvus
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
Data Deficient
Fish
Galaxias tanycephalus
Unreserved
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Fish
Paragalaxias dissimilis
Unreserved
Vulnerable
n/a
Fish
Paragalaxias eleotroides
Unreserved
Vulnerable
n/a
Fish
Paragalaxias mesotes
Unreserved
Endangered
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Ancylastrum cumingianus
Unreserved
n/a
Critically
Endangered
Molluscs
Beddomeia bowryensis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Beddomeia tumida
Unreserved
n/a
Critically
Endangered
Molluscs
Beddomeia zeehanensis
Unreserved
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Phrantela conica
Unreserved
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Phrantela kutikina
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Plants
Pterostylis pratensis
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Sagina diemensis
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Epacris glabella
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Poranthera petalifera
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Centrolepis pedderensis
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Concentrations of unreserved endemic species
The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their
known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be
useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.
Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural
Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records
held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more
information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool
Invasive species
INVASIVE MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat
Felis catus
0.30
99.95
Rabbit, European Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
0.34
78.92
Black Rat, Ship Rat
Rattus rattus
1.63
77.64
House Mouse
Mus musculus
0.44
67.46
Brown Hare
Lepus capensis
0.90
38.47
Domestic Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
0.17
18.30
Red Fox, Fox
Vulpes vulpes
0.04
11.26
Brown Rat, Norway Rat
Rattus norvegicus
1.05
8.57
Feral deer species in Australia
Feral deer
0.35
5.67
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird
Turdus merula
2.55
99.98
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
2.60
99.97
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
1.08
99.95
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
0.77
97.02
Skylark
Alauda arvensis
2.68
74.28
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon
Columba livia
0.66
72.55
European Greenfinch
Carduelis chloris
7.04
59.56
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
1.58
47.97
Spotted Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
0.31
10.95
Common Myna, Indian Myna
Acridotheres tristis
0.02
0.35
OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
INVASIVE FLORA
Common name
Scientific name
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Blackberry, European Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
2.74
97.71
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and
Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x
calodendron & S.x reichardtii
3.10
87.55
Gorse, Furze
Ulex europaeus
4.45
75.96
INVASIVE FLORA
Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common
Broom, Scottish Broom,
Spanish Broom
Cytisus scoparius
3.34
34.12
Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom,
Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom
Genista monspessulana
4.32
27.63
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp.
monilifera
0.40
5.50
Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s
Smilax, Smilax Asparagus
Asparagus asparagoides
0.09
3.15
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
0.05
1.02
Bitou Bush, Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
May be present
May be
present
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from
the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and
NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological
Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of
management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring
and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
Sedgelands, rushs or reeds vegetation profile
97.75% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus; Eucalyptus gunnii; Eucalyptus rodwayi; Acion hookeri; Baumea arthrophylla;
Dracophyllum milliganii; Lepidosperma concavum; Leptospermum scoparium; Leptospermum nitidum; Melaleuca
squamea; Melaleuca squarrosa; Banksia marginata; Empodisma minus; Leptocarpus tenax; Isophysis tasmanica;
Lomandra longifolia; Gahnia microstachya; sedge; heath; shrub.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Manage public
access to protect
delicate alpine
vegetation from
trampling by
recreational
park users.
Exclude stock and
maintain fences to
prevent domestic
stock access.
Develop and
implement
suitable fire
management
strategies to
protect Alpine
Sphagnum Bogs
and Associated
Fens ecological
community.
Where relevant,
encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land to
protect Alpine
Sphagnum Bogs
and Fens.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Eradicate weeds,
especially
Spanish heath
and Salix spp.
Willows.
Undertake early
detection and
eradication of
founder
populations of
invasive weeds.
Manage public
access to prevent
spread of weeds
and plant disease.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Ensure strict
hygiene protocols
are in place to
avoid spread of
Phytophthora
cinnamomi.
Cool temperate rainforest vegetation profile
97.16% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Athrotaxis selaginoides; Athrotaxis cupressoides; Eucalyptus coccifera; Nothofagus cunninghamii; Nothofagus
gunnii; Agastachys odorata; Atherosperma moschatum; Dicksonia antarctica; Lagarostrobos franklinii; Phyllocladus
aspleniifolius; Richea pandanifolia; Blechnum wattsii; Prionotes cerinthoides; Gleichenia alpina; Astelia alpina; fern;
heath; shrub; tussock grass; sedge.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Ensure apiarists
maintain strict
surveillance of
hives during
leatherwood
honey production
(in order to
prevent the
establishment
of feral bee
populations).
Improve the
connectivity of
remnants through
facilitating
regrowth as well
as active
replanting.
Raise public
awareness to
reduce road
mortality rates
of threatened
mammals.
Fire intervals of
<100 years result
in the loss of cool
temperate
rainforest. Fire
should therefore
be excluded as
much as possible.
Some cool
temperate
rainforest species
may survive or
regenerate if the
fires are cool and
the remnant is
long unburnt
(>100 years).
Other cool
temperate
rainforest species,
such as pines,
may be lost
permanently in fire
events.
Establish and
maintain a captive
breeding program
for Tasmanian
spotted-tail
quolls.
Improve forestry
practices to
eliminate or
reduce negative
consequences
on fauna.
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Implement control
measures for nonnative predators,
such as cats.
However, ensure
that feral cat
trapping and
poisoning does
not have adverse
affects on
Tasmanian
spotted-tail quolls.
Implement strict
hygiene protocols
to prevent spread
of Myrtle wilt
(which affects
Nothofagus
cunninghamii) and
Phytophthora
cinnamomi. This
includes
managing public
and vehicle
access, and
preventing the
introduction of
foreign soil and
plant material.
Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
84.08% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus nitida; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus ovata; Eucalyptus sieberi; Eucalyptus
pauciflora; Eucalyptus subcrenulata; Eucalyptus coccifera; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Leptospermum lanigerum;
Acacia dealbata; Banksia marginata; Exocarpos cupressiformis; Epacris impressa; Polystichum proliferum;
Pteridium esculentum; Lomandra longifolia; fern; forb; heath; sedge.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
Protect
remnants from
clearing.
Protect
hollow-bearing
trees.
Retain standing
dead trees and
fallen timber.
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTUR
AL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATI
ON
FIRE
MANAGEMEN
T
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMEN
T
WEED
MANAGEMEN
T
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMEN
T
DISEASE
MANAGEMEN
T
Low closed forest or tall closed shrublands (including Acacia, Melaleuca and
Banksia) vegetation profile
99.42% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Melaleuca ericifolia; Acacia longifolia subsp. Sophorae; Banksia marginata; Pomaderris apetala; Leptospermum
lanigerum; Melaleuca squarrosa; Ozothamnus turbinatus; Eucalyptus nitida; Leucopogon parviflorus; Monotoca
glauca; Leptospermum glaucescens; Notelaea ligustrina; Melaleuca squamea; Olearia argophylla; Olearia axillaris;
Acacia mucronata; Leptospermum scoparium; Gahnia grandis; Blechnum nudum; Ehrharta stipoides; Hypolepis
rugosula; Rhagodia candolleana; Isolepis nodosa; Acaena pallida; Poa labillardierei; Polystichum proliferum; Viola
hederacea;Empodisma minus; rush; heath; shrub; sedge; fern; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Retain fallen
timber and ban
firewood
collection.
Fence remnants.
Fence to allow
natural
regeneration.
Exclude stock
altogether whilst
remnants are
regenerating
and saplings
are palatable.
Use seed sourced
directly from the
same sites for
rehabilitation
purposes.
Fire should be low
intensity.
Burn at 10–15
year intervals in
banksia dominant
remnants to assist
in regeneration.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Control woody
weeds such as
gorse and
blackberry.
In remnants
containing
banksia, Yorkshire
fog, cocksfoot and
brown-top bent
can be
problematic grass
species.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Implement strict
hygiene regimes
to avoid spread of
Phytophthora
cinnamomi. This
includes
managing public
pedestrian and
vehicle access
and avoiding
introduction of soil
and foreign
plant matter.
Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a dense broad-leaved and/or tree-fern
understorey (wet sclerophyll) vegetation profile
98.46% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus nitida; Eucalyptus obliqua; Pomaderris apetala; Eucalyptus brookeriana; Eucalyptus delegatensis
subsp. tasmaniensis; Nothofagus cunninghamii; Atherosperma moschatum; Eucalyptus regnans; Phyllocladus
aspleniifolius; Dicksonia antarctica; Melaleuca ericifolia; Melaleuca squamea; Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae;
Ozothamnus turbinatus; Banksia marginata; Nematolepis squamea; Coprosma quadrifida; Blechnum wattsii;
Bauera rubioides; Gahnia grandis; Empodisma minus; Pittosporum bicolor; Coprosma quadrifida; Olearia
argophylla; Polystichum proliferum; Microsorum pustulatum;rush; heath; shrub; sedge.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Avoid further
fragmentation
and clearance
of forests.
If foresting,
ensure forestry
practices support
regeneration
of both
understorey
and overstorey
species.
Maintain standing
dead trees, leaf
litter and fallen
timber.
Minimise soil
compaction
from forestry
equipment.
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Research
suggests that the
mean interval
between high
intensity fires that
result in death of
some trees is
between 75–150
years. Mountain
ash forests will
sharply reduce in
extent if high
intensity fire
intervals are more
frequent.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
Protect and
maintain hollow
bearing trees as
these provide
habitat for treedwelling
mammals.
In forests that
have had mature,
hollow-bearing
trees selectively
logged provide
nesting boxes for
both mammals
and birds. Monitor
boxes regularly for
invasive species.
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Manage feral cats.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT