Attention for ICMS 2016 Authors:
Please prepare your manuscript refer to the instructions for authors and submit papers(s) via http://www.icmsconf.org/2016/papersub/Author/Login.aspx
.
Please submit your article online at http://www.icmsconf.org/2016/papersub/Author/Login.
aspx
You will need to register if you have not submitted an article before.
Articles may be returned or rejected at the point of submission if the quality of presentation or the written quality of the English does not meet the required standard

Statement of novelty
All authors are required to submit a statement of novelty with their submission outlining what is distinctively ‘innovative’ or new about the research.
Conditions of submission
Submission of an article is on the basis that the work is original and has not been published previously in the same or a similar form and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
All authors must be aware of, and have consented to, the submission. Due regard must be paid to ethical considerations and the submission must conform to the journal's policy on plagiarism and publication ethics.
Authors are required to warrant on submission that these requirements have been fulfilled and that the article contains no libelous or unlawful statements.
Publication ethics
Plagiarism is the copying or use of other authors' work without proper acknowledgement or attribution. It is unethical and unacceptable in the context of scientific publication, infringes authors' moral rights and may also be illegal where copyright is infringed.
Authors must ensure that all prior work on which they draw is explicitly acknowledged and that the sources are included in the list of references. This requirement relates to the methods, results and conclusions on which the present work is built, and to the text of the articles in which it has been presented. If passages of text are copied word for word, the source must be given and the text must be placed within quotation marks. If the original text is paraphrased or reproduced with minor alterations, this must be made clear and the source given. It is unacceptable to reproduce extensive passages of text without permission from the author(s) and the copyright holder.
A related unacceptable practice is ‘redundant‐publication’, the multiple publication or submission by an author of the same research or the reuse of substantial portions of articles without acknowledgement of prior publication. This includes publication of an article in different languages.
Redundant publication of the same material and plagiarism of others’ work without acknowledgement are serious ethical offences that may leave the author open to sanction.
It is the responsibility of senior authors and the institutions in which they work to ensure that articles appearing under their names conform to these guidelines. It is a condition of submission to the journal that all authors of any article found, following due process, to breach good practice accept responsibility for this breach, which will be subject to sanction at the Publisher's and

Editors' absolute discretion. These sanctions may include, inter alia, the retraction of a published article; publication of a note of correction or apology; banning of future submissions by any author for a specified period; and/or notification of the Head of the authors' department or organization.
Copyright
It is a condition of publication that, on acceptance of the article by the journal editor, copyright must be assigned to the society or professional organization for which Maney publishes the journal.
Changes to authorship
This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted articles:
Before the article is accepted:
Requests to add or remove an author, to rearrange the list of authors, or change the corresponding author must be sent to AMRA 2014 Organizing Committee. The request must contain i) the reason why the author should be added or removed, the list of authors rearranged, or the corresponding author changed and ii) signed confirmation by e‐mail from all authors, including the author being added or removed, confirming that they agree with the change. This policy applies to articles that have been published online via Advance Articles.
After the article is accepted:
Changes to authorship after the accepted article is published in an issue will generally not be made.
Language
Organizing Committee recommends that all authors who are not native English speakers ask a native English speaker or a professional language editing service to review their manuscript before submission. This is not mandatory but will help ensure that reviewers fully understand the academic content of the article.
Authors receive a 10% discount on language‐editing services by the Charlesworth Group . The discount will be applied during payment.
File formats
Prepare the manuscript as a text file (in Word, rtf or an equivalent format). Separate high resolution files of each figure will be required.
Text formatting
The text should be in single column format. Use 12 pt font size and standard fonts.
There is no need to format to a specific template. Use hard returns only at the end of paragraphs, switch autohyphenation off, and do not justify text. Do format italic or bold type and sub‐ and

superscripts where necessary.
Be consistent in spacing, punctuation, and spelling. You are strongly advised to use the
‘spell‐check’ and ‘grammar‐check’ functions of your word processor.
Ensure that Greek symbols are used where appropriate and that similar characters, e.g. l (‘el’) and
1 (‘one’) or O (‘oh’) and 0 (‘zero’), are distinguished and correctly keyed.
Section headings
Divide your manuscript into clearly defined and numbered sections. Sections should be numbered (1, then 1.1, 1.2, and then, 1.1.1, 1.1.2) and be given a brief heading. Note that the numbering is for guidance to the typesetter and will generally not appear in the published version.
Article structure
Follow this order when preparing research papers: title, authors, affiliations, corresponding author, abstract, keywords, (list of symbols), main text, acknowledgements, appendix, references, figure and table captions, figures, tables and supplementary data.
Title: be concise, accurate and informative. Titles are often used by search engines and information retrieval systems. They should contain words that readers might be searching for.
Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations: provide the full name, affiliations (where the actual work was done) and contact details for all authors. Highlight the family name and clarify where author names are ambiguous e.g. double names. Present the authors’ affiliations and contact details below the names. Indicate with a superscript numeral immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate affiliation.
Corresponding author: indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of the refereeing process and post‐publication. Include an email address, postal address and phone number (with country and area code). The corresponding author is responsible for keeping this information up to date.
Abstract: a concise statement (maximum 150 words) of the aims of the research, the work carried out and the conclusions. The abstract must be self‐contained. Do not include general or background information, which should appear in the introduction, abbreviations or references.
Include keywords from the title and for the subject area to improve online searching.
Keywords: include up to eight keywords to be used for indexing and online searching. Keywords should describe the content of the article and include key phrases for the subject area. Avoid general terms.
List of symbols: a list of symbols should be provided if helpful to the reader.

Introduction: a summary of current knowledge including a literature survey of previous work in the field, together with a statement of the aims and motivation of the present work.
Experimental methods: the methods employed must be described in sufficient detail to allow others to repeat the work. If a detailed description is given in a reference, readers must be able to grasp the principles of the method without referring elsewhere. Full details must be given of materials and equipment used.
Results and discussion: presented together or as separate sections. Papers must critically discuss and interpret the results, not merely describe the findings. Duplication of data in tables and figures is strongly discouraged, as is excessive use of figures: representative or significant results should be selected. Additional information may be provided as supplementary data. For simple datasets, tables provide a more effective and concise means of presentation than figures. Include standard errors or error bars whenever relevant, and report results to appropriate numbers of significant figures.
Conclusions: give a concise summary of the important findings. The conclusions must not contain information that does not appear elsewhere in the paper.
Acknowledgements: provide details of individuals and institutions who have contributed to the work and information required by funding bodies etc. The acknowledgements may also include copyright information that is too extensive to include elsewhere, and other information (such as the fact that the paper is based on a lecture or conference presentation).
Appendices: use to provide additional information, tables or mathematical derivations.
References in appendices should be combined with those in the main text into a single list. Tables and figure are numbered A1, A2, A3,...
References: provide a complete list of the literature cited in the paper tailored to the journal’s readership. Format references according to the journal style.
Figure and table captions: ensure each figure and table has a caption. Supply captions separately at the end of the manuscript. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description. Keep text in the figure to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Figures: separate high resolution files of each figure will be required. Prepare figures according to the preparation guidelines. Do not embed figures in the manuscript text. If a figure is reproduced or adapted from other work, this must be made clear in the caption and a reference cited, together with any other acknowledgements requested by the copyright holder, see the permissions section for further information.
Tables: number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Avoid

vertical rules. Tables may be placed in the text or collected together at the end of the paper.
Tables should not be prepared as image files, see the style conventions section for further information.
File formats and resolution
Authors must provide separate, high resolution, digital files for each figure in their manuscript.
Acceptable file formats are TIFF, JPEG and EPS. In general, figures will be sized to single column width (80mm) or page width (168mm). If supplying EPS files ensure that all fonts are attached.
Authors should note the following requirements:
Images should be saved at a resolution of at least 600 dpi at final size (dpi=dots or pixels per inch; 600 dpi=240 dots per centimetre). Do not save at the default resolution (72dpi).
Halftones (photographs) should be supplied as greyscale images.
Line drawings or diagrams should be scanned as line art or produced to the appropriate resolution using a software drawing package. Ensure lines are a minimum of 0.3 pt in width.
Style conventions
The full author guide contains detailed examples of the journal style.
When preparing final files for submission, format italic or bold type and sub‐ and superscripts. If using different levels of section heading, number each section to indicate the level (1, 1.1, 1.1.1, etc.) – but note that the numbering will not appear in the typeset proof.
Be as consistent as possible in punctuation and spelling and ensure that similar characters, e.g. l
(‘el’) and 1 (‘one’) or O (‘oh’) and 0 (‘zero’), are correctly keyed.
Spelling
Spelling follows UK English rather than US English, and ‘s’ rather than ‘z’ where there is an option, e.g. ‘standardise’, ‘analyse’, not ‘standardize’, ‘analyze’. (Original spelling is retained in company names, patented processes, book titles, etc.)
Hyphenation
Use hyphens only if omitting them causes ambiguity. Hyphens are generally used:
• after the prefixes ‘post‐’, ‘non‐’, ‘self‐’, ‘cross‐’, and ‘quasi‐’ and before the suffixes ‘‐off’ and ‘‐up’
• to avoid double vowels or consonants in compound words, e.g. ‘electro‐optics’, ‘cross‐section’, or ambiguity, e.g. ‘re‐cover’/‘recover’, ‘re‐ solution’/‘resolution’
• in compositions: ‘wt‐%’, ‘vol.‐%’, ‘at.‐%’, ‘area‐%’, ‘mol‐ %’
• in combinations or ranges (as en rules or dashes): Fe–4Ni–2Cu, stress–strain curve, 1–10
Quotation marks
Use ‘single quotation’ marks in the first instance and “double quotation” marks for quotes within quotes. Direct quotations must retain the original text, spelling and punctuation.

Ratios
Use colons for numerical ratios (3:2) and obliques with words (surface/volume ratio).
Abbreviations
Abbreviations, contractions and acronyms may be helpful, but break the flow if the reader is not familiar with them. Restrict their use where possible. Do not use abbreviations (other than chemical symbols) in the title, abstract or conclusions. Always define an abbreviation on first use.
Abbreviations (where text has been removed from the end of the word) are followed by a full point, e.g. ‘dia.’, ‘Co.’.
Contractions (where text is removed from within a word) are not, e.g. ‘Dr’, ‘Jpn’, ‘Ltd’. A plural has a full point if the singular does (e.g. ‘Figs.’).
Acronyms or abbreviations of phrases do not take full points (e.g. SEM, NATO).
Variables, functions and symbols
Variables appear in italic type: ‘pressure P and temperature T’. Mathematical functions (exp, log, f(x), sin) appear in upright text. Do not use the same symbols for more than one variable: use upper and lower case or script characters as alternatives.
Include a list of symbols before the start of the main text if this will be helpful to the reader.
Numbers, ranges and dates
Spell out whole numbers between one and nine (inclusive) in text; 10 and over appear as numerals. Numbers are always spelt out at the beginning of sentences. Numbers attached to units always appear as numerals. For exponential form, use 8.15x10
‐5
, not 8.15E–5 or 8.15E
‐5
.
A full point, not a comma, is used as a separator in decimals (3.1416).
Give ranges of numbers in full: 111–116 not 111–6; in references A3–A6 not A3–6.
Give date ranges as 1993–94, 1998–2002 and historical dates as AD410, 55BC (AD and BC small caps). For calendar dates: 1 June 2010, 12–15 August 1955.
Chemical elements and compositions
Chemical elements may be spelt out or expressed as symbols, but symbols are preferred in compositions, tables, figure captions, and (generally) titles of articles.
Make clear (e.g. on first use) whether compositions are atomic, weight, molar or volume per cent: use the forms 5%, 5 at.‐%, 5 wt‐%, 5 mol‐%, 5 vol.‐% as appropriate.
Present compositions with two or more components with en rules (dashes) between each element, e.g. Fe–30Cr–14Ni–2Cu. For composites, use a solidus to separate components, e.g. Al–
2Cu/SiCw, W–Ni–Cu/WCp, PP/Cf (where f, p, and w refer to fibre, particulate, and whisker

reinforcement respectively).
Trade names/registered trademarks
Use initial capitals for trade names, e.g. Inconel, Carbolite, Kevlar, not INCONEL, CARBOLITE,
KEVLAR. The registered trade name®/trademark™ symbols is used only on first mention.
Equations in Word 2007
Refer to equations in text as ‘equation (1) ’ etc. It is not obligatory to number all equations.
Equations generated in Word 2007 cannot be used for typesetting because they are stored as images. Papers that include equations must be prepared in Word 2007 compatibility mode (.doc files) or by using MathType software to set the equations. Compatibility mode should be used from the outset: it is not possible to convert equations retrospectively. In compatibility mode, use the menu options Insert > Object > Microsoft Equation 3.0 to access the equation editor. The editor can be used for both displayed and inline equations, but inline equations must be on one line only.
Figures and figure captions
Number figures consecutively in a single sequence. All figures must be referred to, in order, in the text. Refer to the figure preparation guidelines for detailed information on presentation and sizing of figures.
Where possible, results should be discussed in the text not in the caption, although extended captions may be used to describe micrographs or complex figures.
Examples of style for captions and subcaptions are (note that subcaptions appear between the main caption and the figure): a 723 K; b 823 K; c 873 K
4 Morphology of precipitates and corresponding martensitic plates containing fine precipitates
after 15% deformation and aging at given temperature x500
5 Critical transformation temperatures for H12 high speed steel at a high (30 K s ‐1 ) and b moderate (10 K s
‐ 1
) cooling rates following austenitisation
Tables
Format tables using the Word table function, not tabs or the space bar. Embed tables within the manuscript, do not supply tables as image files. Where headings refer to more than on column or row, indicate this by merging the cell in question:
Table 2 Experimental sintering conditions
Sintering temperature/°C
Specimen Min. Max.
Time at temperature/min
Cooling rate/ K s
‐1

1 980 995 30 12
2 1050 1080 … 15
Use an ellipsis (…) rather than dash (–) for absent items. The number of significant figures/decimal places to which values are reported should be consistent and reflect the accuracy of the measurement. Include standard errors where relevant.
Units
Use of SI units is mandatory (an excellent guide to units and their use is provided by NIST).
For compound units, use negative indexes, not obliques: W m
‐1
K
‐1
, not W/m.K.
Supplementary SI units (atmosphere, centimetre, angstrom, litre, celsius, hour, etc.) are acceptable. Use L as the abbreviation for litre, not l.
If non‐SI units are used (e.g. in areas where non‐standard units are the norm), give a conversion factor at first use or actual conversions in parentheses throughout the text. Figures should not generally be presented in non‐SI units, but if this has been agreed with the editor a conversion must be given in the figure caption.
For hardness units, use HV for Vickers (HV30, HV(50 g) to indicate load), HK for Knoop, HB for
Brinell and HR for Rockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC).
Use mm/year or mm/day, not abbreviations (y, d).
Where numbers on figure axes or in tables are dimensionless, the labelling should take the form:
Pressure/MPa, Current density/A m
‐2
, etc.
References
References must be complete and checked at source. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the ISO4: 1997 standard . The full author guide (see PDF button at top of instructions) contains detailed examples of reference citation and style and a list of standard abbreviations.
Number references consecutively through the text, citing them as superscripts, outside punctuation (as reported previously.
1,2–6
). A complete numerical list of references should be given at the end of the paper.
Examples of reference types are as follows:
1. T. C. Mauldin and M. R. Kessler: ‘Self‐healing polymers and composites’, Int. Mater. Rev., 2010,
55, 317–346.
2. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia: ‘Bainite in steels’, 2nd edn, Vol. 1, 240–249; 2001, London, Maney.
3. L. F. Pease III and D. L. Pease: ‘Metallography of powder metallurgy materials’, in ‘ASM handbook’, 8th edn, Vol. 7, ‘Powder metal technologies and applications’, (ed. W.B. Eisen et al.),

719–748; 1990, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
4. M. Loretto and R. Smith: ‘Spray deposition of high molybdenum nickel alloys’, Proc. 3rd Int.
Conf. on ‘Research and development in net shape manufacturing’, Birmingham, UK, March 1999,
University of Birmingham, Paper 23.
5. R. C. Fry: ‘Diffusion in transition metal carbides’, PhD thesis, University of Alabama,
Birmingham, AL, USA, 2000, 13–34.
6. R. D. Nicholson: ‘Interfacial structures in nickel‐based joints after long term service’, Report
RD/M/N1131, Central Electricity Generating Board, Marchwood, UK, 1980.
7. Koichi Fukuda, Aiki Tomofumi, and Osamu Yoshida, Frontec Inc.: ‘Method of sputtering a silicon nitride film’, US Patent 5550091, published 27 August 1996.