Cellular Respiration
Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that converts glucose or other food
molecules into stored energy in the form of the chemical ATP. Respiration is
usually divided into three stages:
Glycolysis, Krebs’ cycle and the electron transport chain.
A)
Web site name: University of Cincinnati, Clermont College
Web URL: http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cellresp.htm
Read “Cellular Respiration and Fermentation”
1)
What is glycolysis? _____________________________________________
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2)
Does glycolysis need oxygen as part of any of its chemical reactions?______
3)
What color are the Nitrogen (N) atoms in the diagram? _________________
4)
What is the connection between yogurt and sore muscles?
____________________________________________________________
5)
Which long protein molecule in bread traps the CO2 so that the bread rises?
_____________________________________________________________
B)
Web site name: Indiana University Biotech
Web URL: http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/glycolysis/glycohome.html
6)
What is glucose converted into during glycolysis? ____________________
7)
What is the connection between glycolysis and beer? __________________
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Click on Pathway
8)
How many carbon atoms are there in fructose? ____________________
9)
What is the difference in chemical structure between Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate and Glyceraldehyde phosphate ? _________________________
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10)
Which enzyme (ending is –ase) breaks Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two 3carbon molecules ? __________________________
C)
Web site name: University of California Muscle Physiology Lab
Web URL: http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/glucose.shtml
Read “Aerobic metabolism”
11)
What 2-carbon molecule is pyruvate oxidized to? _____________________
12)
What 6-carbon molecule is shown on the top right of the cycle?
_____________________________________________________________
13)
How many NADH molecules are produced for every pyruvate that enters the
Krebs cycle? __________________
Click on NADHs
14)
How many ATPs are actually formed from each NADH ? _______________
15)
Which cells have creatine phosphate in them ? ________________________
D)
Web site name: University of California Muscle Physiology Lab
Web URL: http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/creatine.shtml
16)
What is the normal turnover rate of creatine? _________________________
17)
If you eat (ingest) more creatine what happens to the amount synthesized by
your body? ____________________________________________________
Many companies sell creatine as a “nutritional supplement”. One example is:
E)
Web site name: Absolute Creatine
Web URL: http://www.absolute-creatine.com/1.htm
18)
How much creatine was sold in 1998? ____________________________
19)
What claims does this company make for creatine? ____________________
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20)
Why may some people “not be a responder to creatine”?
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21)
Read the fine print at the bottom of the screen. Do you think that the Food
and Drug Administration should investigate statements made by these
companies ? ______________ Why ? ______________________________
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The reactions of the Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain occur inside the
mitochondria. This next web site shows the structure of mitochondria:
F)
Web site name: Rice University, Texas
Web URL: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitotheory.html
22)
Mitochondria are ___________-sized organelles, found in the cytoplasm of
virtually all eukaryotic cells.
23)
What is one of the richest sources of mitochondria known?
_____________________________________________________________
24)
What is the function of “porins”? __________________________________
25)
Where is the electron transport chain located? ________________________
26)
Why can photos make it appear that there is more than one mitochondrion?
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G)
Web site name: Florida State College at Jacksonville
Web URL: http://web.fscj.edu/David.Byres/etchain.html
Read “The Electron Transport Chain”
27)
The proteins of the inner membrane collect electrons from which two
chemicals? ______________________________________________
28) What is the purpose of oxygen in the electron transport chain? ___________
_____________________________________________________________
29)
How many ATP molecules are made from each FADH2 ? _______________
One way of increasing respiration ( and “burning” food ) is to exercise.
H)
Web site name: Federal Citizen Information Center
Web URL: http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/health/exercise-heart/page3.htm
Look at the table of “Activity” and “Calories Burned”.
30)
Which activity listed here uses the fewest calories? ____________________
31)
How many calories are used when you run at 10mph? __________________
32)
How many more calories are used by jogging at 7 mph compared to 51/2
mph? ___________________________
33)
How many calories are burned by swimming at 50 yds/min? ____________
34)
A Big Mac cheeseburger (without fries) has 704 calories. Roughly how
many hours would you have to walk at 2 mph to burn these calories?
____________________