A78 Seamill, Survey, Hazards, Risks, Mitigations April 2013 To be read in conjunction with A78 Pictorial Survey, Seamill Unless otherwise stated, distances are measured to or from the near edge of a junction. Interval Characterisation The A78 (T) is the main north-south route for North Ayrshire. It is a busy road. Usage includes private vehicles, buses, and all sizes of commercial vehicles. This 2.05km interval of the A78 was not designed to present-day standards: it is a historical inheritance. It passes through Seamill, a residential area. Over half its length the accident record is not good: mostly slight but also several serious injuries. It is common to see cyclists, either on the carriageway, or on the broader interval of the footway at the south end. Pedestrians use the broader intervals of footway, generally for recreational walking and jogging; the narrower intervals see less use. The Yerton Brae / Fullerton Drive crossroads is the busiest junction on the interval of the A78 being examined by Tramps WK. . It sees steady flows on all 4 branches; and pedestrians and cyclists. The densest flow is through traffic on the A78; this imposes waiting time on traffic using the 2 branch roads. With the exception of Fullerton Drive, road widths at the junction are insufficient for twin lanes in the same direction. There are no traffic lights or pedestrian crossing. Many accidents have been witnessed here with several requiring ambulances; and many minor shunts and near misses with the associated road rage. Most do not appear on accident statistics. Because of speeds, most accidents do not cause serious injury - although some do. Turning into Yerton Brae is a manoeuvre avoided by many people. The lower interval of Yerton Brae causes problems which also affect traffic on the A78. Hazard Management on Yerton Brae above the junction has been documented separately. Footway intervals on Kinnin Brae and at the Yerton Brae crossroads have been assessed by the local authority to be ‘unsafe for regular pedestrian use going to school’ Hazards and Risks These are ranked according to the rationale set out in Support Package SP C3 Accident History Refer to the Summary Maps, which show individual injury accidents over the last 23 years. The accidents are categorised according to the severity of injuries suffered – slight, serious or fatal. Survey and Hazard Identification A78 at Seamill: Survey Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking From south of Portencross Road to North of Chapelton Road Junctions and Accesses For Hazard Areas 1 – 5, please refer to photo survey and detail from Ordnance Survey Map. Single-lane A-road (no central reservation) Road type Branch roads and accesses are shown below. To the south of Seamill there are 4 field accesses; to the north there are 3. Indication on A78 of junction ahead? Barr Homes left access Yes, roadside reflectors? Corsehill Drive Summerlea Road Give Way sign on branch road? Give Way markings on branch road? Yes (lit) yes Yes (lit) yes no yes no Overton Drive Sandy Road Access to Hydro Refer to photos 4 - 8 Specific Contributing Factors: + Narrow pavements at driveway exits – around 1.4m wide; + Parking on east side of A78 Margin for Error: Moderate; but reduced by presence of parked cars ++ Signs approx. 100yds before junction yes Pantonville Road Hyndman Road Hazard Area 1: on east side of A78, from Overton Drive to Pantonville Road Hazard Area 1 Ranking: Level 5, Significant yes Merlewood Road Yerton Brae & Fullerton Drive . Hazard Area 2: Yerton Brae / Fullerton Drive crossroads Refer to photos Photo A - M, Crossroads YB – FD, and 26, 27 yes no no yes Dashed line across junction no Specific Contributing Factors, singly and in combination: + Busy junction where A78 flows impose waiting times for branch A78 at Seamill: Survey Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking From south of Portencross Road to North of Chapelton Road Glenbride Road Yes (lit) yes + lines of sight at Fullerton Drive are obstructed by parked vehicles to north and south on A78 Chapelton Lane no Branch opposite Hole-in-the-Wall + steep uphill exit from Fullerton Drive Reflector posts Right access at 30 sign no no yes no Single dashed line across carriage way no Single broken line across carriage way 30mph breakpoint Works access on right Access to Chapelton Farmhouse Road Width Footway Widths These are shown on the photos in the Pictorial Survey Yes, roadside reflectors change to green Reflector posts at pathway and at vehicle access road traffic There is a narrower interval of carriageway in the range 6.7 - 7.4m wide at / near the bend at bottom of Kinnin Brae. The interval to the north of this is 7.9 – 8.7m wide; the interval to the south varies, 9 – 10m. There is a ‘step’ change in width at 2 points. + parked vehicles to north impede line of sight at exit from Yerton Brae + presence of crossing pedestrians Margin for Error: Low, and becomes lower with “driver frustration” Hazard Area 2 Ranking: Level 8, Very Serious ++ Hazard Area 3 : From Pantonville Road to Hyndman Road Refer to photos 9 - 12 Specific Contributing Factors: The footway on the south-west side is continuous, and generally 2m+ wide, but there is an interval which is much narrower – from Pantonville Road along to Chapelton Lane , 0.75 – 1.7m wide. + The footway on the north-east side is discontinuous, and generally narrower – in range 0.74 – 2.3m + the footway on the east is 1.4 – 1.58m wide, narrowing to 1.13m There are 2 or 3 narrow points where it is not possible to use a pram. Intervals have been assessed by the local authority to be ‘unsafe for regular pedestrian use going to school’ the footway on the west is 0.7 – 0.8m wide + from the north, the carriageway narrows from 8.0m to 6.7m A78 at Seamill: Survey From south of Portencross Road to North of Chapelton Road Usage A78 Junction with Fullerton Drive and Yerton Brae The road is well-used by private cars, commercial vehicles including vans, and trucks. There is a regular bus service. It is frequently used by pedestrians, and occasionally by cyclists. Pedestrian use includes school children. By far, this is the busiest junction on the interval of the A78 being examined. It sees steady flows on all 4 ‘branches’ in both directions: private cars, commercial vehicles including heavy trucks, buses; and pedestrian- traffic and cyclists on the A78; this imposes waits on traffic using the 2 branch roads. With the exception of Fullerton Drive, road widths are insufficient for double lanes in the same direction. There are no traffic lights or pedestrian crossing. Many accidents have been witnessed here with several requiring ambulances; and countless minor shunts and near misses with the associated road rage. Most do not appear on accident statistics. Because of speeds, most accidents do not cause serious injury, although some do. Turning into Yerton Brae is a manoeuvre avoided by many people. The lower interval of Yerton Brae causes problems which also affect traffic on the A78. Hazard Management on Yerton Brae has been documented separately. Hyndman Road – Sandy Road Condition of road surface Accidents Current Speed Limit This stretch includes a shallow (12º ) blind bend. On the west side is a strip of about 7 businesses. South-bound traffic turning right into this area must proceed with great care, and stay alert to the danger of being struck from behind (the road is too narrow to pass a car waiting to turn right). Regular users frequently abort this manoeuvre. Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking + Hyndman Road has a restricted line of sight to the left (north) along the A78 + the speed of traffic. Margin for Error:: Low Hazard Area 3 Ranking: Level 7, Serious ++ Hazard Area 4: Interval between Hyndman Road and Sandy Road Refer to photos 13 - 14 Specific Contributing Factors, singly and in combination: + the carriageway has narrowed significantly on both approach sides - from the north, from 8.0m down to 7.08; and from the south, from10m to 7.4m to 7.08m + both pavements are narrow – around 1m Generally sound + west-side pavement disappears for interval at site of former garage / filling station Serious accidents have occurred along the length of thisinterval of road. Less serious accidents are a feature at the Yerton Brae / Fullerton Drive Crossroads + the presence of pedestrians and cyclists + the dogleg bend is shallow but tight 30 mph through Seamill; national speed limit 60 / 50 / 40 mph to north and south of Seamill + the adjacent Sandy and Hyndman Roads have restricted A78 at Seamill: Survey From south of Portencross Road to North of Chapelton Road Speed Aspects The national speed limit applies at the northern interval, where inappropriate speed leads to accidents. Through the 30 mph interval, speeds of 40 – 45 mph are common – as are speeds around 30 mph. A VAS is situated at the north and south ends of the 30 mph zone, and the usual speeding characteristics are on display. The oblique angle of Yerton Brae to the A78 allows anyone who wishes to take this corner at some speed when turning right into Yerton Brae; this is often accompanied by cutting the corner. Road contours Road Markings and signs From north to south: the road is initially level and straight; there is a long, gentle down-slope (Kinnin Brae) followed by a dogleg bend. Thereafter the road is generally level and straight. Heading South from the Portencross Road Crossroads Heading North from the Chapelton Road junction 140 yards south of Portencross Road the edge lines and road reflectors stop East side and central road reflectors 286 yards from Corsehill Drive, destination distances sign 246 yards from Corsehill Drive, West Kilbride, Seamill sign and 30 mph sign 86 yards from Corsehill Drive, road centre line changes to centre warning sign (long dashes) 115 yards from Yerton Brae crossroads, direction / crossroads sign 276 yards from 30mph sign is a 30mph VAS Bus Stop 30 yards south of Summerlea Road 70 yards from bend, SLOW painted on road 476 yds from 30 mph start, Destination Distances sign 380 yds from 30 mph start, Speed Cameras sign, and start of left road edge reflectors 309 yds from 30 mph start, first 30mph countdown sign 205 yds from 30 mph start, secpmd 30mph countdown sign 137 yds from 30mph start, Seamill sign 106 yds from 30 mph start, third 30mph countdown sign SLOW painted on road approx 30 yds and 70 yards before VAS VAS at 330 yards after 30 mph start Hydro boundary railing carries notice: No Parking, please park responsibly Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking lines of sight for traffic joining the A78 + the presence of an entrance to a hotel, and a business entrance + the speed of traffic, and northbound cutting the corner to maintain speed Margin for Error: Very low Hazard Area 4 Ranking: Level 8, Very Serious ++ Hazard Area 5: Sandy Road to Glenbride Road and along to start of west-side grass verge Refer to photos 14 – 21, and 25A & B Specific Contributing Factors: singly and in combination: + the footway on the west side is generally about 1.25m wide + the footway on east side is around 1.0 – 1.3m wide (widening after Chapelton Lane) + restricted line of sight to right at Sandy Road + restricted line of sight to right at Glenbride Road A78 at Seamill: Survey From south of Portencross Road to North of Chapelton Road 65 and 105 yards south of Chapelton Lane, SLOW painted on road At or around end of 30mph zone, road edge and centre reflectors start; start of footway use for cyclists. and safely. SLOW painted on road 63 yds before centre of road bend 85 yards before Yerton Brae, crossroads / directions sign The road centre warning line continues to the Chaperton Road junction; this junction has reflector posts. Traffic Calming Features Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking + unmarked entrance / exit at Hydro + A78 carriageway narrows to 7.4m, from 10m + cars exiting from residences encroach on carriageway to establish full line of sight + parking on the east side of road reduces effective carriageway width causing lineof-sight problems for cars exiting from residences Only the road markings and signs + restricted line of sight to right at exit opposite Chapelton Lane Margin for Error: Low Pedestrian Crossings None Road Lighting Street lights throughout Provision for Cyclists Cyclists use the road; they also use the broad footway on the west side of the road, running from the south end of Seamill along to Ardrossan. Hazard Area 5 Ranking: Level 7, Serious Risk Assessment April 2013 Possible Outcomes Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking Possible Events Relative Likelihood Hazard Area Risk Level Manageability In General Note Intervals of the A78 at Seamill have been assessed by the local authority to be ‘unsafe for regular pedestrian use going to school’. In general, the risk of an accident comes from the road system’s characteristics, in conjunction with driver behaviours, including speed, inattention, error of judgement Possible events include the following, or variations on these: + Loss of vehicle control, leading to vehicles colliding or running off road Driver error of judgement when passing a cyclist, leading to striking a cyclist Relative Likelihood Driver error of judgement when joining the A78 from a local road or residence access, leading to a collision Varies – see notes below on each individual Hazard Area The likelihood of these events is heightened by narrow footways, narrow roads and changing road widths, limited lines of sight at junctions, and at residential accesses. Note on Cyclists and Pedestrians The risk level for cyclists and pedestrians is very pronounced where there are narrow footways and a narrower carriageway. This happens at Hazard Areas 3, 4 and 5, where the proximity of passing vehicles, especially buses and trucks becomes very pronounced. Possible events include pedestrian or cyclist error, leading to impact with a vehicle. Many pedestrian users are visitors to the Hydro Hotel and are not familiar with the hazards. Hazard Area 1: on east side of A78, from Overton Drive to Pantonville Road Refer to photos 4 - 8 Specific Contributing Factors: + Narrow pavements at driveway exits – around 1.4m wide; Possible Outcomes Varies – see notes below on each individual Hazard Area Varies – see each individual Hazard Area in tabulation Hazard Managment and Mitigations Residents coming out of their driveway are accustomed to exercising great care; the additional presence of occasional parked cars (commonly partly on the footway) heightens the need for care. Possible Outcomes An unrelated accident pattern for south-bound traffic is the occasional vehicle slamming into the back of a parked vehicle; around Merlewood Road there have been several of these. resulting in Collision with other vehicle, pedestrian or cyclist Near miss, Serious Injury Area 1 Risk: Level 5, Significant Possible Outcomes Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking Possible Events Relative Likelihood Hazard Area Risk Level Manageability + Parking on east side of A78 Margin for Error: Moderate; but reduced by presence of parked cars The west-side footway is usually preferred by pedestrians – east-side is too narrow Relative Likelihood: Medium to Low Hazard Area 1 Ranking: Level 5, Significant Hazard Area 2: Yerton Brae / Fullerton Drive crossroads All sorts of events can and do happen: Refer to photos Photo A - M, Crossroads YB – FD, and 26, 27 + Minor vehicle prangs Specific Contributing Factors, For Pedestrians + Vehicle collisions Possible Outcomes: Near miss, injury, death + Pedestrian or cyclist impact with motor vehicle Relative Likelihood: Medium singly and in combination: + Busy junction where A78 flows impose waiting times for branch road traffic For Car Occupants + lines of sight at Fullerton Drive are obstructed by parked vehicles to north and south on A78 Possible Outcome: Less serious than for pedestrians + steep uphill exit from Fullerton Drive Relative Likelihood: Medium + parked vehicles to north impede line of sight at exit from Yerton Brae For Cyclists Area 2 Risk Level: 8, Very Serious Possible Outcome: Near miss, injury, death + presence of crossing pedestrians Margin for Error: Low, and becomes lower with “driver frustration” Relative Likelihood: Medium Hazard Area 2 Ranking: Level 8, Very Serious Hazard Area 3 : From Pantonville Road to Hyndman Road Vehicle loses control and impacts a cyclist, a pedestrian or another vehicle, or goes through the wall Refer to photos 9 - 12 Contra-flow vehicles passing do not make enough allowance for presence of a cyclist Specific Contributing Factors: Pedestrian(s) on narrow footway steps on road + the footway on the west is 0.7 – 0.8m wide + the footway on the east is 1.4 – 1.58m wide, narrowing to 1.13m Pedestrian(s) crossing the road misjudges speed of vehicles Vehicle exiting Hyndman Rd affects flow of traffic on A78 Possible Outcomes for all users are Near miss, injury, death Relative Likelihood is assessed as Medium, for all users The likelihood of events is greater at the southern end of this interval: Area 3 Risk Level: 7, Serious Possible Outcomes Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking Possible Events Relative Likelihood Hazard Area Risk Level Manageability + from the north, the carriageway narrows from 8.0m to 6.7m + Hyndman Road has a restricted line of sight to the left (north) along the A78 + the speed of traffic. Intervals of footway in Hazard Area 3 have been assessed by the local authority to be ‘unsafe for regular pedestrian use going to school’ This road interval is known by locals to be dangerous, and many pedestrians avoid it. Margin for Error: Low + the carriageway and footways are narrower + the presence of the Hyndman Road junction + the effect of the adjacent Hazard Area 4 Hazard Area 3 Ranking: Level 7, Serious These include: Hazard Area 4: Interval between Hyndman Road and Sandy Road Refer to photos 13 - 14 Specific Contributing Factors singly and in combination: + the carriageway has narrowed significantly on both approach sides - from the north, from 8.0m down to 7.08; and from the south, from10m to 7.4m to 7.08m + both pavements are narrow – around 1m + west-side pavement disappears for interval at site of former garage / filling station + the presence of pedestrians and cyclists + the dogleg bend is shallow but tight + the adjacent Sandy and Hyndman Roads have restricted lines of sight for traffic joining the A78 + the presence of an entrance to a hotel, and a business entrance + the speed of traffic, and north-bound cutting the corner to maintain speed Margin for Error: Very low North-bound or south-bound vehicle loses control on bend and leaves carriageway, mounting pavement, or striking building or wall, or strikes other vehicle; or makes insufficient allowance for other vehicle, or cyclist – any of which could lead to a collision. For all users, the Possible Outcomes: are Near miss, injury, death Cyclist makes insufficient allowance for other vehicle leading to a collision For all users, the Relative Likelihood is Medium to High. Pedestrian, possibly with child or pram, stumbles on narrow footway Hazard Area 4 Risk: Level 8, Very serious Possible Outcomes Hazard Area, Contributing Factors, Margin for Error, Hazard Area Ranking Possible Events Relative Likelihood Hazard Area Risk Level Manageability Hazard Area 4 Ranking: Level 8, Very Serious Vehicles at Hydro misjudge their turn; Hazard Area 5: Sandy Road to Glenbride Road and along to start of west-side grass verge Vehicles at Glenbride Road misjudge their turn; Refer to photos 14 – 21, and 25A & B Vehicles at Sandy Road misjudge their turn; Specific Contributing Factors: Vehicles exiting a residence misjudge their turn. singly and in combination: These 4 scenarios are likely to be aggravated by parking on east side of road; also possibly aggravated by events at adjacent Hazard Area 4. + the footway on the west side is generally about 1.25m wide + the footway on east side is around 1.0 – 1.3m wide (widening after Chapelton Lane) + restricted line of sight to right at Sandy Road + restricted line of sight to right at Glenbride Road + unmarked entrance / exit at Hydro + A78 carriageway narrows to 7.4m, from 10m + cars exiting from residences encroach on carriageway to establish full line of sight + parking on the east side of road reduces effective carriageway width causing line-of-sight problems for cars exiting from residences + restricted line of sight to right at exit opposite Chapelton Lane Margin for Error: Low Hazard Area 5 Ranking: Level 7, Serious Pedestrians possibly with child or pram make error on narrow pavement. Cyclist makes error of judgement. Possible Consequences: Near miss, injury, death All these carry the risk of collisions involving other road users Relative Likelihood: Medium to High This interval of road has seen several serious accidents Hazard Area 5 Risk: Level 7+, Serious 7+ is assigned due to the number of visitors using the Hydro, many unfamiliar with the road. Hazard Management and Mitigation April 2013 Contributing Factors Hazard Area Hazard Ranking Margin for Error Risk Level Singly and in combination Hazard Area 1: on east side of A78, from Overton Drive to Pantonville Road Narrow pavements at driveway exits – around 1.4m wide; Controllable Variables / Road Management Options Pros / Cons Suggested Best-Fit Widen footway Expensive Hazard Area 1 Ranking: Level 5, Significant Introduce parking restrictions – yellow lines Margin for Error: Moderate; but reduced by presence of parked cars Hazard Area 1 Risk: Level 5, Significant Parking on east side of A78 Introduce parking restrictions presence of crossing pedestrians Introduce controlled pedestrian crossing Relatively cheap as part of traffic lights system Install a roundabout Roundabout expensive and difficult, with topography and land ownership aspects; traffic lights cheaper Hazard Area 2: Yerton Brae / Fullerton Drive crossroads Hazard Area 2 Ranking: Level 8, Very serious busy junction where A78 flows impose waiting times for traffic on branch roads Install traffic lights Margin for Error: Low, and becomes lower with “driver frustration” Hazard Area 2 Risk: Level 8, Very serious lines of sight at Fullerton Drive are obstructed by parked vehicles to north and south on A78 NB Coming from the Hazard Management assessment for Main Street – Yerton Brae, a recommendation is to establish a one-way system on the lower interval of Yerton Brae, and install traffic lights at the crossroads. steep uphill exit from Fullerton Drive Hazard Area 3 : From Pantonville Road to Hyndman Road the footway on the east is 1.4 – 1.58m wide, narrowing to 1.13m Hazard Area 3 Ranking: Level 7, Serious parked vehicles to north impede line of sight at exit from Yerton Brae Introduce double yellow lines cheaper Relatively cheap and effective Effect would be mitigated with a traffic lights system Introduce double yellow lines Relatively cheap and effective Introduce traffic lights with pedestrian crossing controls; and double yellow lines to north and south of lights, both sides of A78 Contributing Factors Hazard Area Hazard Ranking Margin for Error Risk Level Singly and in combination Margin for Error:: Low the footway on the west is 0.7 – 0.8m wide Hazard Area 3 Risk: Level 7, Serious Controllable Variables / Road Management Options ? Discourage use of west-side footway from the north, the carriageway narrows from 8.0m to 6.7m Hyndman Road has a restricted line of sight to the left (north) along the A78 the speed of traffic Hazard Area 4: Interval between Hyndman Road and Sandy Road Hazard Area 4 Ranking: Level 8, Very Serious Margin for Error: Very low . Install a VAS in both directions A long-term solution would be a strategic decision involving buying land / properties on the west side of the road. This area has been the site of serious accidents. Approach west-side landowners to negotiate a land purchase. Hazard Area Risk: Level 8, Very Serious west-side pavement disappears for an interval at site of former garage / filling station Approach west-side landowners to negotiate a land purchase. the presence of pedestrians and cyclists Use of bollard stanchions the dogleg bend is shallow but tight This is a difficult area to find a low-cost fix. The carriageway is narrow in parts, so are the footways, and the road system is boxed in by privately-owned buildings and stone walls. ? The carriageway has narrowed significantly on both approach sides - from the north, from 8.0m down to 7.08; and from the south, from10m to 7.4m to 7.08m both pavements are narrow – around 1m Pros / Cons Consider using a high-friction road surface It is difficult to find a low-cost fix. The carriageway and footways are narrow; and the road system is boxed in by privatelyowned buildings and stone walls. A long-term solution would be a strategic decision to acquire land / properties on the west side of the road. Suggested Best-Fit Short-term Install a south-bound VAS just south of Pantonville Road; and a north-bound VAS before the Hydro Hotel entrance. Longer –Term Strategic decision to widen the road / footway, using a west-side (or east-side) land acquisition; the west-side could be the more practicable. With no plans for a WK bypass, this should be seriously considered. Short Term Introduce high-friction road surface at the dogleg bend Install a VAS on each side of the Hazard Area. Re-examine the road contours and assess the possibility to finetune carriageway markings. Assess the possibility to use bollards for pedestrian protection Longer-Term Develop a long-term strategy to widen the road and footway – to give one of the footways (westside more practicable?) a usable width of 1.7 - 2m, with bollards, Contributing Factors Hazard Area Hazard Ranking Margin for Error Risk Level Singly and in combination the adjacent Sandy and Hyndman Roads have restricted lines of sight for traffic joining the A78 Controllable Variables / Road Management Options Pros / Cons running south from the top of Kinnin Brae along to the start of the grass verge interval on Ardrossan Road. Approach Hydro proprietor regarding possibility to adjust perimeter wall the presence of an entrance to Merrick Hotel car park, and a business entrance the speed of traffic, and north-bound cutting the corner to maintain speed Hazard Area 5: Sandy Road to Glenbride Road and along to start of west-side grass verge Hazard Area 5 Ranking: Level 7, Serious Margin for Error: Low This will involve land acquisition. the footway on east side is around 1.0 – 1.3m wide (widening after Chapelton Lane) Hazard Area Risk: Level 7+, Serious restricted line of sight to right at Glenbride Road Redress this A78 carriageway narrows to 7.4m, from 10m This area has similarities with Areas 4 and 3. Similar to Areas 3 and 4 This area has been the site of serious accidents. Install a VAS on each side of the Hazard interval. It is difficult to find a low-cost fix. The carriageway and footways are narrow in places; and the road system is boxed in by privately-owned buildings and stone walls. A long-term solution would be a strategic decision to acquire land / properties on the west side of the road. cars exiting from residences encroach on carriageway to establish full line of sight parking on the east side of carriageway reduces effective carriageway width causing turning problems for cars exiting from residences With no plans for a WK bypass, this should be seriously considered. Install a VAS in both directions the footway on the west side is generally about 1.25m wide unmarked entrance / exit at Hydro Hotel Suggested Best-Fit Introduce double yellow lines Short Term Re-examine the road contours and assess the possibility to finetune carriageway markings. Introduce No Parking (double yellow lines) on east side of A78 between Sandy Road and Glenbride Road Assess the possibility to use bollards for pedestrian protection Long-Term Develop a long-term strategy to give one of the footways (westside more practicable?) a usable width of 1.7 - 2m, with bollards, running south from the top of Kinnin Brae along to grass verge interval on Ardrossan Road. This will involve land acquisition. With no plans for a WK bypass, Contributing Factors Hazard Area Hazard Ranking Margin for Error Risk Level Singly and in combination restricted line of sight to right at Sandy Road restricted line of sight to right at exit opposite Chapelton Lane Controllable Variables / Road Management Options See Hazard Area 4 above: Approach Hydro proprietor regarding possibility to adjust perimeter wall Pros / Cons Suggested Best-Fit this should be seriously considered.