Year 12 Physical Education Revision Tool
CH 4 Acute Responses to Exercise.
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Mechanisms responsible for acute (short term or immediate) responses to physical activity in the
cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems.
Can you:
- Name and explain 2 acute respiratory responses to exercise? Increased Ventilation (↑ TV and ↑RR) is one.
- Name and explain 6 acute cardiovascular responses to exercise?
- Name and explain 4 acute muscular responses to exercise?
- Name one acute response that is a decrease in something.
- Complete the formula, VO2max = ________ x _________
- Nominate a VO2max for an elite male cross country skier and an elite female cross country skier?
- Nominate a resting heart rate for a trained athlete? If resting cardiac output is about 6 L/min, what is a trained athletes resting stroke volume?
- Nominate values for the trained athlete during maximal exercise?
- As ventilation increases, one of the two factors equating to ventilation plateaus before the other. Which is it?
- When we exercise, blood redistributes towards the working muscle (from 20% to 84% of blood volume) away from other organs. Other than muscle, name two
organs that will not decrease in the amount of blood delivered.
- Describe the change in glycogen levels for fast and for slow twitch fibres for two different events (400m v’s Marathon)?
- Outline the difference in energy liberation rates and volume between glycogen and free fatty acids?
CH 5 Food Fuels and the Three Energy Systems.
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Characteristics and interplay of the three energy systems for physical activity, including rate of ATP
production, the capacity of each energy system and the contribution of each energy system.
Fuels (PC, Fats, Carbohydrates, Protein) required for resynthesis of ATP during physical activity and the
utilisation of food for energy.
Relative contribution of the energy system and fuels used to produce ATP in relation to the exercise
interplay, duration and type.
Can you:
- Name the three energy systems? (Of these which are anaerobic and which are aerobic?)
- Explain why carbohydrates are our bodies preferred fuel source when comparing it to fats and protein?
- State how long stored ATP will provide energy for maximal muscular contractions?
- Outline the energy system pathways, including the difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis?
- List the factors that determine the relative energy system contribution during exercise.
- Discuss the likely fuel sources being used under different exercise conditions (durations and intensities)?
- Explain how it is possible to exercise above 100% of VO2 max (or above the equivalent of VO2 max is possibly a better expression)? Give two different
examples.
- Define LIP as per Malpeli exam revision seminar? - Can you explain the effect of exercising at intensities beyond LIP?
- State: At any given time all three energy systems are contributing to ATP production with one being the dominant provider depending upon….
- State the time frame during maximal exercise where contributions from the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems are about equal?
- Explain the benefit of delaying LIP and how this can be achieved?
- Explain why there is a difference between the rate of ATP production for each energy system and how this affects performance (hint: use the term ‘rate and
force of muscular contraction’ in your response).
- Understand table 3.8 in A+ notes?
- What intensities (% of MHR) of exercise do we associate with each of the three energy systems? – What is the equivalent % of VO2max for 70-80% of MHR?
- Answer energy system interplay questions accurately? (Practice them! Big marks in the exam). Understanding each energy systems recovery requirements is
key.
CH 6 Fatigue and Recovery Mechanisms.
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Understanding of the multifactorial mechanisms (including fuel depletion, metabolic by-products and
thermoregulation) associated with muscular fatigue, as a result of varied exercise intensities and durations.
 Passive and active recovery methods to assist in returning the body to pre-exercise levels.
 Oxygen uptake at rest, during exercise and recovery, including oxygen deficit, steady state and excess post
exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).
Can you:
- Define fatigue and state that its development is dependent upon the type, intensity, duration of activity, the type of muscular contractions and the performer’s
level of fitness? Also consider work : rest ratios, dietary support, training schedules and rest days.
- Outline the four key factors / mechanisms contributing to fatigue?
- Explain the benefits of a passive recovery v’s and active recovery and the situations in which each would be most appropriate?
- Explain what happens and why during oxygen deficit, steady state and oxygen debt? Can you define each term?
- State the differences in oxygen deficit between a 400m, 800m and 1500m?
- State that while blood lactate may be a good indirect marker for the onset of fatigue, that lactic acid itself can be a useful energy source and may help to
prolong submaximal activity?
- Explain that during high intensity exercise rapid accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) can lead to decreased contractile force production by reducing the
amount of calcium that can be released via the sodium potassium pump.
- Recommend when and what to eat following an endurance performance?
- State: replacement of lost sodium and potassium and other electrolytes such as calcium and chloride is important to allow uninterrupted transfer of nerve
impulses and to keep rebuilding ATP.
- Other than hydration before during and after performance, state 3 strategies to help maintain optimal core temperature.