Appendix 1
Search strategies
1 CENTRAL search strategy
#1
MeSH descriptor Back Pain explode all trees
#2
dorsalgia
#3
backache
#4
(lumbar next pain) or (coccyx) or (coccydynia) or (sciatica) or (spondylosis)
#5
MeSH descriptor Spine explode all trees
#6
MeSH descriptor Spinal Diseases explode all trees
#7
(lumbago) or (discitis) or (disc near degeneration) or (disc near prolapse) or
(disc near herniation)
#8
spinal fusion
#9
facet near joints
#10
MeSH descriptor Intervertebral Disk explode all trees
#11
postlaminectomy
#12
arachnoiditis
#13
failed near back
#14
MeSH descriptor Cauda Equina explode all trees
#15
lumbar near vertebra*
#16
spinal near stenosis
#17
slipped near (disc* or disk*)
#18
degenerat* near (disc* or disk*)
#19
stenosis near (spine or root or spinal)
#20
displace* near (disc* or disk*)
#21
prolap* near (disc* or disk*)
#22
MeSH descriptor Sciatic Neuropathy explode all trees
#23
sciatic*
#24
back disorder*
#25
back near pain
#26
spondylolisthesis
#27
spondylosis
#28
radiculopathy
#29
lumbar near stenosis
#30
lateral root stenosis
#31
foraminal stenosis
#32
neurogenic claudication
#33
(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11
OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21
OR #22 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 OR #31
OR #32)
#34
surgery
#35
lumbar near fusion
#36
dis*ectomy
#37
MeSH descriptor Spinal Fusion explode all trees
#38
MeSH descriptor Decompression, Surgical explode all trees
#39
MeSH descriptor Diskectomy explode all trees
#40
MeSH descriptor Constriction, Pathologic explode all trees
#41
MeSH descriptor Nerve Compression Syndromes, this term only
#42
nerve near decompress*
#43
root near decompress*
#44
fusion near decompress*
#45
foraminotomy
#46
(#34 OR #35 OR #36 OR #37 OR #38 OR #39 OR #40 OR #41 OR #42 OR
#43 OR #44 OR #45)
#47
MeSH descriptor Aftercare, this term only
#48
MeSH descriptor Rehabilitation explode all trees
#49
rehab*
#50
MeSH descriptor Exercise explode all trees
#51
exercis*
#52
MeSH descriptor Self Care, this term only
#53
MeSH descriptor Physical Fitness, this term only
#54
core stability
#55
back school
#56
neuromuscular training
#57
MeSH descriptor Physical Education and Training explode all trees
#58
physical education
#59
MeSH descriptor Walkers, this term only
#60
walking aid*
#61
walker*
#62
posture correction
#63
#64
stretching
#65
yoga
#66
alexander technique
#67
self-management
#68
(#47 OR #48 OR #49 OR #50 OR #51 OR #52 OR #53 OR #54 OR #55 OR
#56 OR #57 OR #58 OR #59 OR #60 OR #61 OR #62 OR #63 OR #64 OR #65 OR
#66 OR #67)
#69
(#33 AND #46 AND #68)
#70
sagittal balance
#71
(#33 OR #70)
#72
(#46 AND #68)
#73
(#71 AND #72)
2 MEDLINE search strategy
1. randomized controlled trial.pt.
2. controlled clinical trial.pt.
3. randomized.ab.
4. placebo.ab,ti.
5. drug therapy.fs.
6. randomly.ab,ti.
7. trial.ab,ti.
8. groups.ab,ti.
9. or/1-8
10. (animals not (humans and animals)).sh.
11. 9 not 10
12. Lumbar Vertebrae/
++13. Spinal Stenosis/
14. Spinal Diseases/
15. Intervertebral Disk Degeneration/
16. Intervertebral Disk Displacement/
17. Spondylolisthesis/
18. Spondylosis/
19. Low Back Pain/
20. Radiculopathy/
21. (lumbar adj3 stenosis).mp.
22. (spinal adj3 stenosis).mp.
23. lateral root stenosis.mp.
24. foraminal stenosis.mp.
25. neurogenic claudication.mp.
26. sagittal balance.mp.
27. or/12-26
28. surgery.mp.
29. (lumbar adj2 fusion).mp.
30. Spinal Fusion/
31. Decompression, Surgical/
32. exp Diskectomy/
33. discectomy.mp.
34. Constriction, Pathologic/rh, su [Rehabilitation, Surgery]
35. Nerve Compression Syndromes/rh, su [Rehabilitation, Surgery]
36. (nerve adj2 decompress*).mp.
37. (root adj2 decompress*).mp.
38. (fusion adj2 decompress*).mp.
39. foraminotomy.mp.
40. or/28-39
41. exp Rehabilitation/
42. rehab*.mp.
43. exp Exercise/
44. exercis*.mp.
45. Self Care/
46. Physical Fitness/
47. core stability.mp.
48. back school.mp.
49. neuromuscular training.mp.
50. "Physical Education and Training"/
51. Walkers/
52. walking aids.mp.
53. posture correction.mp.
54. pilates.mp.
55. stretching.mp.
56. Yoga/
57. alexander technique.mp.
58. self-management.mp.
59. or/41-58
60. 11 and 27 and 40 and 59
3 EMBASE search strategy
1. Clinical Article/
2. exp Clinical Study/
3. Clinical Trial/
4. Controlled Study/
5. Randomized Controlled Trial/
6. Major Clinical Study/
7. Double Blind Procedure/
8. Multicenter Study/
9. Single Blind Procedure/
10. Phase 3 Clinical Trial/
11. Phase 4 Clinical Trial/
12. crossover procedure/
13. placebo/
14. or/1-13
15. allocat$.mp.
16. assign$.mp.
17. blind$.mp.
18. (clinic$ adj25 (study or trial)).mp.
19. compar$.mp.
20. control$.mp.
21. cross?over.mp.
22. factorial$.mp.
23. follow?up.mp.
24. placebo$.mp.
25. prospectiv$.mp.
26. random$.mp.
27. ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj25 (blind$ or mask$)).mp.
28. trial.mp.
29. (versus or vs).mp.
30. or/15-29
31. 14 and 30
32. human/
33. Nonhuman/
34. exp ANIMAL/
35. Animal Experiment/
36. 33 or 34 or 35
37. 32 not 36
38. 31 not 36
39. 37 and 38
40. 38 or 39
41. lumbar spine/
42. lumbar vertebra/
43. exp backache/
44. leg pain/
45. vertebral canal stenosis/
46. spine disease/
47. exp intervertebral disk hernia/
48. "nerve root compression"/
49. exp intervertebral disk disease/
50. spondylolisthesis/
51. spondylosis/
52. spondylolysis/
53. radiculopathy/
54. (lumbar adj3 stenosis).mp.
55. (spinal adj3 stenosis).mp.
56. lateral root stenosis.mp.
57. foraminal stenosis.mp.
58. neurogenic claudication.mp.
59. sagittal balance.mp.
60. or/41-59
61. exp spine surgery/
62. decompression surgery/ or nerve decompression/ or spinal cord decompression/
63. degenerative disease/su [Surgery]
64. "nerve root compression"/su [Surgery]
65. surgery/
66. surgery.mp.
67. (lumbar adj2 fusion).mp.
68. discectomy.mp.
69. diskectomy.mp.
70. (nerve adj2 decompress*).mp.
71. (root adj2 decompress*).mp.
72. (fusion adj2 decompress*).mp.
73. foraminotomy.mp.
74. or/61-73
75. rehabilitation care/
76. functional status/
77. muscle function/
78. aftercare/
79. rehab*.mp.
80. exp exercise/
81. exercis*.mp.
82. fitness/
83. core stability.mp.
84. back school.mp.
85. neuromuscular training.mp.
86. physical education/
87. walking aid/
88. posture correction.mp.
89. pilates/
90. stretching/
91. muscle stretching/
92. yoga/
93. alexander technique/
94. rehabilitation/ or athletic rehabilitation/ or community based rehabilitation/ or
functional assessment/ or functional training/ or home rehabilitation/ or muscle
training/
95. or/75-94
96. 40 and 60 and 74 and 95
4 CINAHL search strategy
S85 S28 AND S82 AND S61 AND S79
S84 S28 AND S82 AND S61
S83 S28 AND S82
S82 S81 OR S45
S81 "sagittal balance"
S80 S62 and S79
S79 S63 or S64 or S65 or S66 or S67 or S68 or S69 or S70 or S71 or S72 or S73 or
S74 or S75 or S76 or S77 or S78
S78 (MH "Alexander Technique")
S77 (MH "Stretching")
S76 "posture correction"
S75 "walking aids"
S74 (MH "Walkers")
S73 (MH "Physical Education and Training+")
S72 "neuromuscular training"
S71 "back school"
S70 "core stability"
S69 (MH "Physical Fitness+")
S68 (MH "Self Care+")
S67 "exercise"
S66 (MH "Exercise+")
S65 "rehabilitation"
S64 (MH "Rehabilitation+")
S63 (MH "After Care")
S62 S46 and S61
S61 S55 or S60
S60 S56 or S57 or S58 or S59
S59 "foraminotomy"
S58 fusion W2 decompression
S57 root W2 decompression
S56 nerve W2 decompression
S55 S47 or S48 or S49 or S50 or S51 or S52 or S53 or S54
S54 (MH "Nerve Compression Syndromes")
S53 (MH "Constriction, Pathologic/RH/SU")
S52 (MH "Diskectomy")
S51 "discectomy"
S50 (MH "Decompression, Surgical")
S49 (MH "Spinal Fusion")
S48 lumbar W2 fusion
S47 (MH "Surgery, Operative+")
S46 S28 and S45
S45 S38 or S44
S44 S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43
S43 neurogenic claudication
S42 "foraminal stenosis"
S41 "lateral root stenosis"
S40 spinal W3 stenosis
S39 lumbar W3 stenosis
S38 S29 or S30 or S31 or S32 or S33 or S34 or S35 or S36 or S37
S37 (MH "Radiculopathy")
S36 (MH "Low Back Pain")
S35 (MH "Back Pain")
S34 (MH "Spondylosis+")
S33 (MH "Intervertebral Disk Displacement")
S32 (MH "Intervertebral Disk Displacement")
S31 (MH "Spinal Diseases")
S30 (MH "Spinal Stenosis")
S29 (MH "Lumbar Vertebrae")
S28 S26 NOT S27
S27 (MH "Animals")
S26 S7 or S12 or S19 or S25
S25 S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24
S24 volunteer*
S23 prospectiv*
S22 control*
S21 followup stud*
S20 follow-up stud*
S19 S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18
S18 (MH "Prospective Studies+")
S17 (MH "Evaluation Research+")
S16 (MH "Comparative Studies")
S15 latin square
S14 (MH "Study Design+")
S13 (MH "Random Sample")
S12 S8 or S9 or S10 or S11
S11 random*
S10 placebo*
S9 (MH "Placebos")
S8 (MH "Placebo Effect")
S7 S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6
S6 triple-blind
S5 single-blind
S4 double-blind
S3 clinical W3 trial
S2 "randomi?ed controlled trial*"
S1 (MH "Clinical Trials+")
5 PEDro search strategy
Abstract & Title: Stenosis
AND
Body Part: Lumbar spine, sacro-iliac joint or pelvis
AND
Method: Clinical trial