Name ________________________
DNA & RNA Review
DNA
1. DNA is located in the _______________ in prokaryotes.
2. DNA is located in the _______________ in eukaryotes.
3. The backbone of DNA is made up of _______________ and _______________.
4. The base A pairs with ______.
5. The base T pairs with ______.
6. The base C pairs with ______.
7. The base G pairs with ______.
8. Based on this pairing system, which of the following is/are true?
a. Cells contain the same amount of T as A
b. Cells contain the same amount of C as G
c. Cells contain the same amount of T as G
d. Cells contain the same amount of A as C
9. What is the DNA strand that would be copied from this DNA strand?
TAC
CGA
TCA CCA
GTT ACC AAT
CTG
ATC
________________________________________________________________________
DNA to RNA
1. What is the mRNA strand that would be copied from this DNA strand?
TAC
CGA
TCA CCA
GTT ACC AAT
CTG
ATC
________________________________________________________________________
2. The m in mRNA stands for ______________________.
3. What is the function of mRNA?
4. The t in tRNA stands for ______________________.
5. What is the function of tRNA?
6. The r in rRNA stands for ______________________.
7. What is the function of rRNA?
8. What are differences between RNA and DNA? Complete the chart below to answer.
DNA
RNA
Sugar
Bases
# of strands
Process to make it
Can it leave the nucleus?
Translation: Protein Synthesis
1. Draw a circle around each codon in the strand of mRNA: U G U
CGG AAG
a. How many codons are there? __________
2. Label the letters (D, E, F, M, R, X, and Y) and fill in the bases for the codons and anticodons.
3. Complete the following chart:
Amino Acid
Valine
DNA Codon
mRNA codon
tRNA anticodon
GCU
CTA
AUA
Tryptophan
CAU
CCC
AAG
4. What can make one protein different from another?
5. What originally determines the order of amino acids added to make a protein?
6. If the order of bases in DNA is changed, will it always affect the protein? Explain.
7. Genes/traits are expressed through the proteins that are made. Explain some things that can affect
the way traits are expressed.
8. How is transcription similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Different?
9. How is translation similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Different?
Quiz Yourself:
1. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a. amino acids.
b. monosaccharides.
c. fatty acids.
d. nucleotides.
6. During translation
a. proteins are synthesized.
b. RNA is produced.
c. DNA is replicated.
d. transcription occurs.
2. Which of the following is not part of a molecule of
DNA?
a. deoxyribose
c. phosphate
b. nitrogen base
d. ribose
7. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid is called a(n)
a. mutagen.
c. anticodon.
b. codon.
d. intron.
3. During DNA replication, a complementary strand
of DNA is made for each original DNA strand.
Thus, if a portion of the original strand is
CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
a. TTGCATG.
b. CCTAGCT.
c. AAGTATC.
d. GGATCGA.
8. Each is a type of RNA except
a. carrier RNA.
b. ribosomal RNA.
c. messenger RNA.
d. transfer RNA.
4. In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
a. cytosine.
c. thymine.
b. guanine.
d. uracil.
5. During transcription, the genetic information for
making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of
a. messenger RNA.
b. transfer RNA.
c. ribosomal RNA.
d. translation RNA.
9. Because DNA replication is semiconservative, it
results in the DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two
original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
10. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. is located in the ribosomes.
c. floats freely in the cytoplasm.
d. is circular.
11. Segments of DNA, called genes, contain
instructions for assembling
a. pyrimidines.
c. proteins.
b. nucleosomes.
d. purines.
12. The triplet code of bases for RNA may be
represented by all of the following except –
a. CGA
c. CGG
b. CGT
d. CGU