Name: ______________________________
Date: _______________________________
Flynt - _____ Period
_____th Grade Science
Monitor Your Progress: Use the student self-monitoring scale to rate yourself on each of the following targets/topics.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What are living things made of?
SC.6.L.14.1 Describe and identify patterns in the hierarchical organization of organisms from atoms to molecules and
cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms.
SC.8.P.8.5 Recognize that there are a finite number of elements and that their atoms combine in a multitude of ways to
produce compounds that make up all of the living and nonliving things that we encounter.
SC.8.L.18.4 Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy.
SC.8.P.9.1 Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when
substances undergo physical and chemical changes.
SC.912.P.8.7 Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure.
SC.8.P.9.2 Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
Macromolecules of Life
Become familiar with the four types of macromolecules and how they are used in cells.
Explain why three types of macromolecules are also classified as macronutrients, and know why the fourth is
not.
Understand the concepts of monomers and polymers, and how they relate to macromolecules.
Understand hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis (condensation reactions), and how they are important in the
metabolism (breakdown) of macromolecules.
Carbohydrates
Know that carbohydrates are always composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules, and often exist in
the generalized ratio of 1:2:1.
Know that monosaccharides typically consist of a carbon ring structure.
Know that glucose is the simplest organic macromolecule.
Know that there are two types of carbohydrates—simple and complex.
List and describe examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Know that monosaccharides are the monomers for the larger oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Describe the significance of the monosaccharide glucose in the metabolic pathways of many organisms.
Explain that—in addition to serving as primary energy sources— monosaccharides can serve very important
functions in cells (such as the ribose and deoxyribose of RNA and DNA).
Know that polysaccharides play various roles, from energy storage (starch, glycogen) to structure (cellulose).
Explain why simple and complex carbs are digested at different rates and what this means for human health.
Understand how dehydration synthesis reactions form covalent bonds between monosaccharides (called
glycosidic linkages).
Nucleic Acids
Know that there are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
Know that DNA stores the genetic information of organisms; RNA is used to transfer that information into the
amino acid sequences of proteins.
Visualize and describe the structure of DNA.
Identify and describe the chemical components of DNA.
Know that both DNA and RNA are polymers composed of subunits called nucleotides.
Know that nucleotides consist of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
Know the five nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides: the purines (adenine and guanine) and the pyrimidines
[cytosine, thymine (DNA only), and uracil (RNA only)].
Explain the rules of nitrogen base pairing in a DNA molecule.
Explain how the structure of DNA and the sequence of chemical bases enables information to be securely
stored, copied and transmitted.
Understand how hydrogen bond between purines and pyrimidines is important in the structure of DNA, and the
transcription and translation of RNA
Know that DNA is transmitted from generation to generation with high fidelity, and therefore represents a
partial picture of the history of life.
Describe the evidence and identify the key individuals that contributed to the double-helix model of DNA.
Describe the processes of DNA replication.
Describe in detail the processes of DNA transcription and translation, identifying where each process occurs
and the key structures and macromolecules involved.
Describe several key structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA.
Be aware that the nucleotides of nucleic acids may be used for other purposes in cells, such as energy transfers
(ATP).
Proteins
Know that proteins consist of one or more polymers called polypeptides, which are made by linking amino
acids together with peptide linkages.
Know that all human proteins are made from the same 20 amino acids.
Different amino acids have different chemical properties.
Understand how a protein’s primary structure largely determines its secondary, tertiary (and quaternary)
structure.
Understand that proteins subjected to extreme conditions (large changes in pH, high temperatures, etc.) often
denature.
Many proteins act as enzymes, and catalyze very specific chemical reactions.
Lipids
Know that lipids constitute a very diverse group of molecules that all share the property of being hydrophobic.
Know that fats and oils are lipids generally associated with energy storage.
Fatty acids, which make up fats and oils, can be saturated or unsaturated, depending on the absence or presence
of double bonded carbon atoms.
Understand that phospholipids are the main component of biological membranes, and why their structure makes
this possible.
Other types of lipids are used for a other purposes, including pigmentation (chlorophyll, carotenoids), repelling
water (cutin, suberin, waxes) and signaling (cholesterol and its derivatives).
Resources
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/bionet/biol115/t2_basics_of_life/lesson2.htm
Written Response Prompts:
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What are two questions you would like answered during today's (or tomorrow's) lesson?
Which part of yesterday’s or today’s homework/classwork assignment was most difficult?
What was the clearest point we made today/yesterday? What was the foggiest point?
Summarize what you learned about a topic today/yesterday.
Explain/demonstrate your depth of knowledge about one of this week’s topics or targets.
If you had to restate one of the topics or targets in your own words, how would you do that?
Which topic(s) or target(s) that we talked about today/yesterday most interested you and why?
What do you still not understand about one or more of the concepts we've been discussing? What do
YOU plan to do to help improve your understanding?
I. How does today's discussion or assignment build on what we did yesterday's?
J. What is one topic or target that we studied in the past that is still puzzling you?
K. Describe a task, skill, assignment, breakthrough, or other accomplishment that happened this week in
science that you are proud of.
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M.