Name: ______________________________
Date: ____________
Hour: ____________
The Basics: Compounds, Elements, & Atoms Oh My!
What is Matter?
Anything that takes up __________ and
has _________.
What is a Compound?
A substance that _______ be broken
down into simpler parts only by a
___________ change.
What is an Element?
A substance that cannot be __________
down by other chemical or
____________ changes.
How many elements have
been identified?
More than _____________
How many elements have
occurred Naturally?
______elements occur in nature, the
rest are artificially made.
What is the most common
element in the Earth’s crust?
What is the most common
element in the human body?
What is an Atom?
 The smallest particle of an
_________ and the building block
of all ________.
 Comes from the Greek word
atomos meaning “ cannot be
___________”
What are subatomic
particles?
Particles that make up an __________.
Ex. Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons
What is a Proton?
The subatomic particle that has a
___________ charge equal to the
Negative charge of an electron.
What is a Neutron?
The subatomic particle with ______
electric charge.
What is an Electron?
The subatomic particle that has a
______________ electrical charge.
What are particle
accelerators?
 A ring shaped instrument that is
usually buried
____________________.
 Works by accelerating the
__________ particles really, really
fast so that they smash into one
another.
 Scientists look at the _________
from the collision.
What are Quarks, Leptons,
Bosons, & Upsilons?
A few names of the debris that are
found by using _____________
accelerators.
The History: Scientists and their Discoveries
What is a Scientific Model?
A theoretical representation of
something you cannot ______________
directly.
Who was Democritus?
 A __________ Philosopher
 The first person to suggest the
idea of an _________
 Thought atoms…
o Were always __________
o Were infinite in number
o Could be joined together
o Looked like a tiny, ________
ball (1st Scientific Model)
Who was John Dalton?
 Was an English school teacher &
________________.
 Dalton’s Theory of Matter:
 All elements are composed of
________.
 Atoms of the same element are
exactly _________.
 Atoms cannot be __________ or
destroyed.
 Atoms of two or more elements
can join together in _________ to
form compounds.
Who was J.J. Thomson?
 First scientist to suggest atoms were
made up of smaller particles.
 Discovered the ____________ in the
late 1800’s.
 Hypothesized that atoms were made
up of positively charged material
with negatively charged particles
evenly ______________ throughout.
(2nd Scientific Model)
Who was Sir James
Chadwick?
Won a __________ _________ for
Who was Ernest Rutherford?
 Discovered the proton in ______.
discovering the Neutron.
 Discovered atoms were mostly
________ space.
 Concluded that the positively charged
particles were contained in a small
central ________ called the nucleus.
 Concluded that the ________________
between protons and electrons held
the electrons to the atom. (3RD
Scientific Model)
What is the Nucleus?
The _________ core that contains most of
the atom’s __________. The protons and
neutrons are located in the nucleus.
Who was Niels Bohr?
 Proposed that _____________ were in
specific energy levels.
 Energy levels were a ____________
distance from the nucleus.
 An atom must be like a miniature
solar system with __________ in orbit
about the nucleus. (4th Model)
What is the Modern Atomic
Theory? (5th Scientific Model)
 An atom has a center called the
___________.
 _____________ and Neutrons are in the
nucleus.
 A __________ of electrons surround
the nucleus.
 The negative charge of an electron is
exactly equal to the positive charge
of a ____________.
Why do we need to know
about the Modern Atomic
Theory?
 Based on the work of Thomson,
Rutherford, Bohrs, & others.
 Helps scientists explain why
__________ have different properties
and why some have similar
properties.
 An atomic _________ will help predict
how other elements will combine with
other elements to make ____________.
Atomic Structure: What you need to know to Draw an Atom
What is the Atomic Number?
The number of protons in the
____________ of the atom.
What is the Atomic Mass
Number?
The ____________ of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
Expressed in Atomic Mass Units (____)
What is an Atomic Mass Unit?
 1 amu = 6 X 10 (-27)
 1 Proton = 1 amu
 1 Neutron = 1 amu
 1 electron = 0.0005443 amu
How do you find the number
of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic Mass – Atomic Number =
What is an Electron Cloud?
The area surrounding an _________
Number of Neutrons
nucleus where electrons ________.
What are Energy Levels?
An energy level is a __________ around
the nucleus where electrons with a
particular amount of _____________ are
most likely found.
What can be found in the first
four energy levels?
 1st energy level holds up to 2 e 2nd energy level holds up to 8 e 3rd energy level holds up to 16 e 4th energy level holds up to 32 e-
How do you find the amount
of electrons in an atom?
The amount of protons are _________
to the amount of electrons; therefore,
look at the Atomic Number.