The dissolving of
limestone by acid
rain
Sulfate that
accumulated
earlier in the soil
is still being
flushed into the
lakes by run-off
Chapter 12 – Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
Study Guide
require that the
There is no wind decayed plants and
landscape and
animals
or rain
vegetation of
mined lands be
restored
Warm and humid bedrock
Carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxide,
and nitrogen
compounds
Chemical
weathering
changes the
composition of
the rock
water
1. One method of lessening environmental impact of strip mining is to _________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Organic material (humus) in soil is made from __________________________________
3. _______________________ is located beneath soil layers.
4. _____________________ plays the MOST important part in chemical weathering.
5. An example of chemical weathering is ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. Why does erosion not occur on the moon? _____________________________________
7. The fundamental difference between chemical weathering and mechanical weathering is
that ___________________________________________________________________
8. Government programs to reduce acid rain have resulted in cleaner emissions from U.S. industries
in recent years. As a result, the sulfate concentration in rainwater has declined significantly. But
the sulfate concentration in some lakes is showing little, if any, change. Why might this be true?
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
9. Chemical weathering likely to occur most rapidly in a ____________________ and
___________________________ climate.
10. List the items, that when released into the atmosphere, can cause acid rain to form?
__________________, __________________________, and _________________
Planting trees along
edges of fields
The cracking of
concrete pavement
Tropical forest soil
Contour farming
Weathered material
saturated with water
flows downhill
Strip cropping
Water expands as it
freezes
Planting and
harvesting the same
crop year after year,
removes nutrients
talus
blocks of land that
tilt and move
downhill
Very slow
movement of soil
down a slope
Movement of a mass
of bedrock or loose
soil down a slope
11. An example of soil depletion is ___________________________________________.
12. Three ways that soil erosion can be reduced are: _____________________________
______________________________________, and ________________________________
13. Which type of soil would you expect to find in a region that is hot and rainy year-round?
________________________________________________________________
14. ___________________ is an example of mechanical weathering.
15. Describe a mudflow ___________________________________________________
16. ___________________, ______________________, and _________________ are major
agents of erosion.
17. Which property of water makes frost wedging possible? __________________________
18. _____________ ____________ is when the farmer plants in rows that follows the
contour of the land.
19. _________________ are formed by planting trees along the edges of fields.
20. _____________ __________ is alternating rows of crops, one row leaves bare
ground, the other covers the ground.
SOL Review
24)
21.The breakdown of rocks and minerals into
smaller particles without a change in composition
is called —
F igneous intrusion
G chemical precipitation
H mechanical weathering
J metamorphic foliation
22)
Which layer of the soil profile would be affected
the most by weathering and erosion?
F1
G2
H3
In the jar shown, a sample of soil was mixed with
water and then allowed to settle for 24 hours. The
jar serves as a model for what process?
J4
F Evaporation of water from a muddy pond
25) Limestone chips dissolve after they are placed
in a beaker of dilute acid. Which geologic process
is this most similar to?
G Formation of soil from parent material
H Deposition of sediment in a lake bed
J Erosion of rock particles by water
F Faulting
G Folding
H Weathering
23) Which of these best describes forest soil?
F More rock fragments in the humus layer than in
deeper layers
G More organic matter in the humus layer than in
deeper layers
H More clay in the humus layer than in deeper layers
J More sand-sized particles in the humus layer
than in deeper layers
J Subduction
26)
27) Organic matter in soil is made from —
F weathered parent rock
G decayed plants and animals _
H acid rain
J carbon dioxide
28) What is located beneath soil layers?
A Bedrock _
B Humus
C Lava
D Tundra
29)
30)
31)
33)
34)
One method of lessening the
environmental impact of strip mining
is to —
A mine only nontoxic materials
B only mine during the evening hours
32)
C feed the animals displaced by the mine
Why does erosion not occur on the
D require that the landscape and
moon?
vegetation of mined lands be restored
A The rock surface of the moon is too
hard.
B There is no animal life.
C There is no wind or rain. _
D The gravitational pull of the moon is too
weak.
35)
36)
Which of the following is an example of
chemical weathering?
A Splits in a rock due to tree roots
B Pulverized rock resulting from a
landslide
C A rock broken into chunks after
being carried by rapidly flowing water
D The dissolving of limestone by acid
Rain
37)
38. Label the parts of the soil profile
39. In which layer would you find humus? _________________________
There will be 10 matching questions from your vocabulary homework. Be able to match the
following words with the correct definition:
WEATHERING
ABRASION
ACID RAIN
PARENT MATERIAL
RESIDUAL SOIL
TRANSPORTED SOIL
HUMUS
EROSION
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
MECHANICAL WEATHERING