BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35
1.
In the hierarchy of biological organization, what is the shoot? a. a tissue system b. an organ – leaves and stems are organs c. a system d. a tissue e. None of the listed responses is correct.
2.
A root hair is __________.
a. an extension of an individual cell that absorbs water from soil b. a modified root that provides support and anchorage c. a multicellular extension of the root epidermis d. an extension of the endodermis of roots e. an outgrowth of the pericycle
3.
Leaves occur at intervals along the plant stem. What is the region where a leaf is attached to the stem?
a. internode b. shoot apex c. node d. petiole e. None of the listed responses is correct.
4.
Leaves consist of __________.
a. a leaflet and a blade b. a node and an internode c. a bud and a node d. an axillary bud and a terminal bud e. a blade and a petiole
5.
The shoot system of a prickly pear cactus consists of broad paddle-like structures covered with clusters of spines. The spines are modified leaves, so the flat green paddles must be modified versions of what structure?
a. Leaves – spines are modified leaves b. buds c. stems d. roots e. None of the listed responses is correct.
6.
Artichoke hearts are tender and have a strong taste. The leaves have a strong taste, too, but most of an artichoke leaf is fibrous and too difficult to chew. The leaves must contain lots of __________.
a. phloem b. meristematic tissue c. sclerenchyma cells d. collenchyma cells e. epidermal cells
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BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35
7.
What is the difference between the root epidermis and the shoot epidermis?
a. Only the root epidermis contains guard cells.
b. Only the shoot epidermis is replaced by periderm in woody plants.
c. Only the shoot epidermis produces a waxy cuticle.
d. The root epidermis has chloroplasts.
e. Only the shoot epidermis gives rise to vascular tissues.
8.
The plant tissue system most analogous to our circulatory system is the
__________.
a. vascular tissue b. dermal tissue c. ground tissue d. vascular cambium e. sclerenchyma
9.
Ground tissue is composed of undifferentiated cells with thin walls that are usually involved with storage. The inner portion of the ground tissue of a nonwoody stem is called __________, and the outer portion is called __________.
a. cambium ... cortex b. pith ... cambium c. endodermis ... pith d. pith ... cortex e. cork ... cortex
10.
Which of the following cells are dead at functional maturity?
a. tracheids and companion cells b. tracheids and vessel elements – Water conducting cells of the
Xylem are dead c. parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells – Sclero is also dead d. collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells e. sieve-tube members and companion cells
11.
Collenchyma cells can be identified by __________.
a. the lack of nuclei at maturity b. their large central vacuoles c. their unevenly thickened cell walls d. the presence of chloroplasts e. lignin in the cell walls
12.
If you wanted to plant a flowering plant in your yard that would bloom every spring, which of the following should you choose?
a. a perennial b. an annual c. a plant with determinate growth d. a biennial e. None of the listed responses is correct.
13.
A region of dividing cells in a plant is called a __________.
a. periderm b. dermal tissue c. ground tissue d. cortex
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BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35 e. meristem
14.
Which example below is the site of primary growth that results in the plant’s increasing in height?
a. axillary buds b. lateral meristems c. bud scales d. apical meristems e. nodes
15.
Which of the following is a lateral meristem?
a. bundle sheath b. axillary bud – dormant apical meristems c. leaf primordium d. vascular cambium e. intercalary meristem
16.
Some plants grow by primary and secondary mechanisms. Choose the correct description of a mechanism and its result.
a. Secondary growth, a feature of herbaceous plants, extends the length of the plant.
b. Herbaceous plants have stems that exhibit only secondary growth.
c. Primary growth increases the girth of the plant.
d. Primary and secondary growth are required to produce woody plants.
e. Stems that only experience primary growth are called woody plants.
17.
Which choice below describes the fate of derivatives?
a. They remain in the meristem as a source of new cells.
b. They remain in vascular tissue as sources of new cells.
c. Once displaced from the meristem, they divide until their daughter cells specialize.
d. They die once they produce a generation of new cells.
e. All of the listed responses are correct.
18.
Most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in specialized __________ cells called the __________.
a. dermal ... mesophyll b. sclerenchyma ... palisade mesophyll cells c. vascular ... collenchyma d. parenchyma ... pith e. parenchyma ... mesophyll
19.
Why does pinching off the top of a plant make it bushier?
a. Removing the apical meristem stimulates growth in the lateral meristem, thus making the plant bushier.
b. Removing the apical meristem causes the plant to change from its vegetative phase to its reproductive
phase. The reproductive phase is bushier.
c. Removal of a node stimulates the internodes to grow and make the plant bushier.
d. Removing plant stems always leads to the plant producing more leaves.
e. Removing the apical meristem stimulates growth in the axillary buds, thus making the plant bushier.
20.
The layer that covers the apical meristem of a root is called the __________.
a. stele b. taproot c. pericycle d. root cap
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BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35 e. root hair
21.
Root tips are pushed farther into the soil mainly by __________.
a. cell division in the vascular cambium b. elongation of cells c. differentiation (specialization) of root cells d. cell division in the meristem e. pulling by root hairs
22.
A cross section of a plant part exposes epidermis, a thick cortex, and a central cylinder of xylem and phloem. This part is a __________.
a. meristem b. root c. stem d. bud e. leaf
23.
Which of the following is closest to the center of a buttercup (eudicot) root?
a. epidermis b. pith c. phloem d. xylem e. the cortex
24.
Lateral roots in seed plants are initiated by cell divisions in the __________.
a. cortex b. endodermis c. vascular cambium d. pericycle e. lateral meristems – secondary growth
25.
Which of the following correctly describes a feature unique to monocot stems?
a. Ground tissue consists mainly of parenchyma.
b. Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.
c. Vascular tissue is located all in the center.
d. Lateral shoots cannot originate near the surface.
e. Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
26.
In most leaves, chloroplast-containing cells are most closely compacted in the
__________.
a. vein (vascular bundle) b. palisade mesophyll c. upper epidermis
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BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35 d. lower epidermis e. pith
27.
Guard cells __________.
a. are necessary for water absorption from the environment b. reduce evaporative water loss through the stomata c. protect the plant's roots from infection d. control water and solute intake by roots e. The first and second responses are correct.
28.
Which of the following is the correct arrangement of structures from the inside to the outside of a leaf blade?
a. vascular bundle, mesophyll, epidermis b. palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, upper epidermis, vascular bundle c. mesophyll, vascular bundle, epidermis d. epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundle e. vascular bundle, lower epidermis, upper epidermis, spongy mesophyll, palisade mesophyll
29.
If you pound a nail into a tree 1 meter off the ground and come back to find it in 20 years, what will it be?
a. more than 1 meter off the ground and more deeply embedded in the tree b. 1 meter off the ground and the same depth in the tree c. 1 meter off the ground and more deeply embedded in the tree d. more than 1 meter off the ground and the same depth in the tree e. None of the listed responses is correct.
30.
Which of the following is closest to the center of a woody stem?
a. primary phloem b. vascular cambium c. primary xylem d. secondary phloem e. secondary xylem
31.
A vandal killed a historic oak tree on the village green by girdling it with a chain saw. He cut through the bark and into the sapwood all the way around the tree.
Why did the tree die?
a. The leaves could not get food.
b. The leaves could not get carbon dioxide.
c. The roots could not get food.
d. Oxygen could not get to the roots.
e. The roots could not absorb water.
32.
Annual rings in wood are evidence that in climates with a single annual growing season, the __________ divides actively when water is plentiful and temperatures are suitable for growth, and ceases to divide when water is scarce and the weather is cold.
a. pith b. cork cambium c. vascular cambium d. periderm e. apical meristem
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BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35
33.
Cell division would occur least frequently in which of these tissues?
a. apical meristem of a root b. epidermis c. cork cambium d. apical meristem of a terminal bud e. vascular cambium
34.
Wood is composed primarily of __________.
a. secondary phloem b. secondary xylem c. primary xylem d. plant fibers e. primary phloem
35.
In what order would you pass through tissues when moving from the pith to the epidermis in a plant possessing secondary vascular tissue?
a. secondary phloem, primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem b. primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem c. primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem d. primary phloem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem e. secondary xylem, primary xylem, vascular cambium, primary phloem, secondary phloem
36.
What accounts for about 90% of a plant cell's expansion?
a. additional organic material in a plant's cytoplasm b. additional organic material stored in vacuoles c. the uptake of water that is stored in a large central vacuole d. mineral uptake by the roots e. water stored in the nucleus
37.
Preprophase bands __________.
a. predict the location where the cell plate will form during cell division b. constrict the cell and "pinch" it in two during cell division c. are present throughout the cell cycle d. run perpendicular to the cellulose microfibrils in a dividing cell e. run parallel to the direction of elongation as a cell matures
38.
In a young cell just produced by mitosis, the cellulose microfibrils are arranged in horizontal rings. Which of the following accurately explains how the cell will grow longer?
a. Enlargement of the vacuole will force the cell to grow evenly in all directions.
b. The cell will expand horizontally in the same direction that the microfibrils are oriented.
c. Water will enter the cell only at the ends lacking cellulose microfibrils.
d. The bands of microfibrils will resist expansion, so the cell will enlarge at right angles to the ring of microfibrils.
e. None of the listed responses is correct.
39.
The gnom mutant of Arabidopsis causes the first cell division of the zygote to be symmetrical. As a result, __________.
a. polarity is established for further growth of the embryo b. whorls of leaves are produced at intervals along the stem c. the embryo forms paired cotyledons on either side of the shoot apical meristem
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BY 124 Worksheet 4 Ch. 35 d. the root axis develops at the same rate as the shoot axis e. no polarity is established in the plant, and it remains ball-shaped and lacks leaves and roots
40.
The homeotic gene GLABRA-2 controls cellular differentiation in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
a. If an epidermal cell borders two cortical cells, GLABRA-2 is not expressed, and the cell produces
a root hair.
b. If an epidermal cell borders one cortical cell, GLABRA-2 is expressed, and the cell produces a root hair.
c. If GLABRA-2 is expressed, the cell produces a root hair.
d. If GLABRA-2 is not expressed, no root hairs are formed.
e. The first and second responses are correct.
41.
During normal development, Acacia koa plants first produce compound juvenile leaves and later produce adult sickle-shaped leaves. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Sickle-shaped leaves will revert to compound leaves if cuttings are made from them.
b. The compound juvenile leaves and the adult sickle-shaped leaves are produced by two different apical
meristems.
c. Existing compound leaves will change to sickle-shaped leaves as the plant matures.
d. Existing compound leaves will stay compound as the plant ages.
e. All of the listed responses are correct.
42.
The ABC model of flower formation suggests that __________.
a. three mutations must occur at the shoot apical meristem for it to begin forming flower parts instead of leaves b. the A gene turns on sepals, the B gene turns on petals, the C gene turns on stamens, and all three
are necessary for carpels to form c. the A gene initiates the flower bud, the B gene initiates formation of the sterile parts, and the C gene
initiates formation of the reproductive parts d. pairs of genes are required to form petals and stamens, but a single gene can initiate sepals or carpels e. flower development depends on a sequence of three genes turning on in the correct order
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