Supplementary Information

advertisement
OPEN ACCESS
remote sensing
ISSN 2072-4292
www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing
Supplementary Information
Application of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images:
A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Literature Review. Remote
Sens. 2014, 6, 6844-6866
Qingxu Huang 1,*, Xi Yang 2,3,†, Bin Gao 1,†, Yang Yang 4,† and Yuanyuan Zhao 5,†
1
2
3
4
5
†
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University,
19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijng 100875, China; E-Mail: bing0402@126.com
Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
E-Mails: Xi_Yang@Brown.edu
The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
School of Law and Political Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
E-Mail: yang_ouc@163.com
Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating,; School of Soil and
Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing 100083, China; E-Mail: yuanyuan0402@126.com
These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: qxhuang@bnu.edu.cn;
Tel.: +86-01-5880-4921; Fax: +86-01-5880-8661.
This supplementary material supports the main text as follows:
Paper List
1.
2.
3.
4.
Agnew, J.; Gillespie, T.W.; Gonzalez, J.; Min, B. Baghdad nights: Evaluating the US military
“surge”using nighttime light signatures. Environ. Plan. A 2008, 40, 2285–2295.
Álvarez-Berríos, N.; Parés-Ramos, I.; Aide, T.M. Contrasting patterns of urban expansion in
colombia, ecuador, peru, and bolivia between 1992 and 2009. Ambio 2013, 42, 29–40.
Amaral, S.; Câmara, G.; Monteiro, A.M.V.; Quintanilha, J.A.; Elvidge, C.D. Estimating
population and energy consumption in Brazilian Amazonia using DMSP night-time satellite data.
Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 2005, 29, 179–195.
Amaral, S.; Monteiro, A.M.V.; Camara, G.; Quintanilha, J.A. DMSP/OLS night-time light
imagery for urban population estimates in the Brazilian Amazon. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2006, 27,
855–870.
S2
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Anderson, S.J.; Tuttle, B.T.; Powell, R.L.; Sutton, P.C. Characterizing relationships between
population density and nighttime imagery for denver, colorado: Issues of scale and
representation. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2010, 31, 5733–5746.
Aubrecht, C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Longcore, T.; Rich, C.; Safran, J.; Strong, A.E.; Eakin, C.M.;
Baugh, K.E.; Tuttle, B.T.; Howard, A.T.; et al. A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on
satellite observed nighttime lights. Geocarto Int. 2008, 23, 467–479.
Badarinath, K.V.S.; Kharol, S. Studies on aerosol properties during ICARB-2006 campaign
period at Hyderabad, India using ground-based measurements and satellite data. J. Earth Syst. Sci.
2008, 117, 413–420.
Badarinath, K.V.S.; Kharol, S.K.; Latha, K.M.; Chand, T.R.K.; Prasad, V.K.; Jyothsna, A.N.;
Samatha, K. Multiyear ground-based and satellite observations of aerosol properties over a
tropical urban area in India. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2007, 8, 7–13.
Badarinath, K.V.S.; Kumar Kharol, S.; Kiran Chand, T.R.; Parvathi, Y.G.; Anasuya, T.;
Jyothsna, A.N. Variations in black carbon aerosol, carbon monoxide and ozone over an urban
area of Hyderabad, India, during the forest fire season. Atmos. Res. 2007, 85, 18–26.
Badarinath, K.V.S.; Kumar Kharol, S.; Krishna Prasad, V.; Rani Sharma, A.; Reddi, E.U.B.;
Kambezidis, H.D.; Kaskaoutis, D.G. Influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on UV
index variations—A study over tropical urban region using ground based observations and
satellite data. J. Atmos. Chem. 2008, 59, 219–236.
Badarinath, K.V.S.; Sharma, A.; Kharol, S.; Prasad, V.K. Variations in CO, O3 and black carbon
aerosol mass concentrations associated with Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over tropical urban
environment in India. J. Atmos. Chem. 2009, 62, 73–86.
Badarinath, K.V.S.; Sharma, A.R.; Kharol, S.K. Forest fire monitoring and burnt area mapping
using satellite data: A study over the forest region of Kerala state, India. Int. J. Remote Sens.
2011, 32, 85–102.
Bankert, R.L.; Solbrig, J.E.; Lee, T.F.; Miller, S.D. Automated lightning flash detection in
nighttime visible satellite data. Weather Forecast. 2011, 26, 399–408.
Bauer, S.; Wagner, S.; Burch, J.; Bayakly, R.; Vena, J. A case-referent study: Light at night and
breast cancer risk in Georgia. Int. J. Health Geogr. 2013, 12, 23.
Bharti, N.; Tatem, A.J.; Ferrari, M.J.; Grais, R.F.; Djibo, A.; Grenfell, B.T. Explaining seasonal
fluctuations of measles in Niger using nighttime lights imagery. Science 2011, 334, 1424–1427.
Briggs, D.J.; Gulliver, J.; Fecht, D.; Vienneau, D.M. Dasymetric modelling of small-area
population distribution using land cover and light emissions data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2007,
108, 451–466.
Butt, M. Estimation of light pollution using satellite remote sensing and geographic information
system techniques. GISci. Remote Sens. 2012, 49, 609–621.
Cao, X.; Chen, J.; Imura, H.; Higashi, O. A SVM-based method to extract urban areas from
DMSP-OLS and spot VGT data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2009, 113, 2205–2209.
Casadio, S.; Arino, O.; Serpe, D. Gas flaring monitoring from space using the ATSR instrument
series. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 116, 239–249.
S3
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Chand, T.R.K.; Badarinath, K.V.S.; Elvidge, C.D.; Tuttle, B.T. Spatial characterization of
electrical power consumption patterns over India using temporal DMSP-OLS night-time satellite
data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2009, 30, 647–661.
Chand, T.R.K.; Badarinath, K.V.S.; Murthy, M.S.R.; Rajshekhar, G.; Elvidge, C.D.; Tuttle, B.T.
Active forest fire monitoring in Uttaranchal state, India using multi-temporal DMSP-OLS and
MODIS data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2007, 28, 2123–2132.
Chen, B.; Shi, G.; Wang, B.; Zhao, J.; Tan, S. Estimation of the anthropogenic heat release
distribution in China from 1992 to 2009. Acta Meteorol. Sin. 2012, 26, 507–515.
Chen, X.; Nordhaus, W.D. Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic statistics. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 8589–8594.
Cho, K.; Ito, R.; Shimoda, H.; Sakata, T. Technical note and cover fishing fleet lights and
sea surface temperature distribution observed by DMSP/OLS sensor. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1999,
20, 3–9.
Choi, K.; Lee, C.I.; Hwang, K.; Kim, S.-W.; Park, J.-H.; Gong, Y. Distribution and migration of
Japanese common squid, Todarodes Pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) sea.
Fish. Res. 2008, 91, 281–290.
Cinzano, P.; Elvidge, C.D. Night sky brightness at sites from DMSP-OLS satellite
measurements. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2004, 353, 1107–1116.
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F. The propagation of light pollution in the atmosphere. Mon. Not. R.
Astron. Soc. 2012, 427, 3337–3357.
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F.; Elvidge, C.D. The first world atlas of the artificial night sky brightness.
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2001, 328, 689–707.
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F.; Elvidge, C.D. Naked-eye star visibility and limiting magnitude mapped
from DMSP-OLS satellite data. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2001, 323, 34–46.
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F.; Elvidge, C.D.; Baugh, K.E. The artificial night sky brightness mapped
from DMSP satellite operational linescan system measurements. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2000,
318, 641–657.
Cova, T.J.; Sutton, P.C.; Theobald, D.M. Exurban change detection in fire-prone areas with
nighttime satellite imagery. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2004, 70, 1249–1257.
Decker, E.H.; Kerkhoff, A.J.; Moses, M.E. Global patterns of city size distributions and their
fundamental drivers. PLoS One 2007, 2, e934.
Dobson, J.E.; Brlght, E.A.; Coleman, P.R.; Durfee, R.C.; Worley, B.A. Landscan: A global
population database for estimating populations at risk. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2000,
66, 849–857.
Doll, C.N.H.; Muller, J.-P.; Elvidge, C.D. Night-time imagery as a tool for global mapping of
socioeconomic parameters and greenhouse gas emissions. Ambio 2000, 29, 157–162.
Doll, C.N.H.; Muller, J.-P.; Morley, J.G. Mapping regional economic activity from night-time
light satellite imagery. Ecol. Econ. 2006, 57, 75–92.
Doll, C.N.H.; Pachauri, S. Estimating rural populations without access to electricity in
developing countries through night-time light satellite imagery. Energy Policy 2010, 38,
5661–5670.
S4
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Dorélien, A.; Balk, D.; Todd, M. What is urban? Comparing a satellite view with the
demographic and health surveys. Popul. Dev. Rev. 2013, 39, 413–439.
Du, Y.; Xie, Z.; Zeng, Y.; Shi, Y.; Wu, J. Impact of urban expansion on regional temperature
change in the yangtze river delta. J. Geogr. Sci. 2007, 17, 387–398.
Dwyer, R.G.; Bearhop, S.; Campbell, H.A.; Bryant, D.M. Shedding light on light: Benefits of
anthropogenic illumination to a nocturnally foraging shorebird. J. Anim. Ecol. 2013, 82,
478–485.
Ebener, S.; Murray, C.; Tandon, A.; Elvidge, C. From wealth to health: Modelling the distribution
of income per capita at the sub-national level using night-time light imagery. Int. J. Health
Geogr. 2005, 4, doi:10.1186/1476-072X-4-5.
Elvidge, C.; Baugh, K.; Hobson, V.; Kihn, E.; Kroehl, H.; Davis, E.; Cocero, D. Satellite
inventory of human settlements using nocturnal radiation emissions: A contribution for the global
toolchest. Glob. Chang. Biol. 1997, 3, 387–395.
Elvidge, C.; Ziskin, D.; Baugh, K.; Tuttle, B.; Ghosh, T.; Pack, D.; Erwin, E.; Zhizhin, M. A
fifteen year record of global natural gas flaring derived from satellite data. Energies 2009, 2,
595–622.
Elvidge, C.D.; Baugh, K.E.; Dietz, J.B.; Bland, T.; Sutton, P.C.; Kroehl, H.W. Radiance
calibration of DMSP-OLS low-light imaging data of human settlements. Remote Sens. Environ.
1999, 68, 77–88.
Elvidge, C.D.; Baugh, K.E.; Kihn, E.A.; Kroehl, H.W.; Davis, E.R. Mapping city lights with
nighttime data from the DMSP operational linescan system. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
1997, 63, 727–734.
Elvidge, C.D.; Baugh, K.E.; Kihn, E.A.; Kroehl, H.W.; Davis, E.R.; Davis, C.W. Relation
between satellite observed visible-near infrared emissions, population, economic activity and
electric power consumption. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1997, 18, 1373–1379.
Elvidge, C.D.; Cinzano, P.; Pettit, D.R.; Arvesen, J.; Sutton, P.; Small, C.; Nemani, R.; Longcore,
T.; Rich, C.; Safran, J.; et al. The nightsat mission concept. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2007, 28,
2645–2670.
Elvidge, C.D.; Hobson, V.R.; Baugh, K.E.; Dietz, J.B.; Shimabukuro, Y.E.; Krug, T.;
Novo, E.M.L.M.; Echavarria, F.R. DMSP-OLS estimation of tropical forest area impacted by
surface fires in Roraima, Brazil: 1995 versus 1998. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2001, 22, 2661–2673.
Elvidge, C.D.; Imhoff, M.L.; Baugh, K.E.; Hobson, V.R.; Nelson, I.; Safran, J.; Dietz, J.B.;
Tuttle, B.T. Night-time lights of the world: 1994–1995. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.
2001, 56, 81–99.
Elvidge, C.D.; Sutton, P.C.; Ghosh, T.; Tuttle, B.T.; Baugh, K.E.; Bhaduri, B.; Bright, E. A global
poverty map derived from satellite data. Comput. Geosci. 2009, 35, 1652–1660.
Filho, C.R.D.S.; Zullo J., Jr.; Elvidge, C. Brazil’s 2001 energy crisis monitored from space. Int. J.
Remote Sens. 2004, 25, 2475–2482.
Forbes, D.J. Multi-scale analysis of the relationship between economic statistics and DMSP-OLS
night light images. GISci. Remote Sens. 2013, 50, 483–499.
S5
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
Frolking, S.; Milliman, T.; Seto, K.C.; Friedl, M.A. A global fingerprint of macro-scale changes in
urban structure from 1999 to 2009. Environ. Res. Lett. 2013, 8, doi:
10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024004.
Fuller, D.O. Satellite remote sensing of biomass burning with optical and thermal sensors.
Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2000, 24, 543–561.
Fuller, D.O.; Fulk, M. Comparison of NOAA-AVHRR and DMSP-OLS for operational fire
monitoring in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2000, 21, 181–187.
Gallo, K.P.; Tarpley, J.D.; McNab, A.L.; Karl, T.R. Assessment of urban heat islands: A satellite
perspective. Atmos. Res. 1995, 37, 37–43.
Ghosh, T.; Anderson, S.; Powell, R.L.P.; Sutton, P.; Elvidge, C. Estimation of Mexico’s informal
economy and remittances using nighttime imagery. Remote Sens. 2009, 1, 418–444.
Ghosh, T.; Elvidge, C.D.; Sutton, P.C.; Baugh, K.E.; Ziskin, D.; Tuttle, B.T. Creating a global
grid of distributed fossil fuel CO2 emissions from nighttime satellite imagery. Energies 2010, 3,
1895–1913.
Greenwald, T.J.; Drummond, C.J. Computing the atmospheric absorption for the DMSP
operational linescan system infrared channel. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 1999, 16, 1958–1966.
He, C.; Ma, Q.; Li, T.; Yang, Y.; Liu, Z. Spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption
in Chinese mainland from 1995 to 2008 modeled using DMSP/OLS stable nighttime lights data.
J. Geogr. Sci. 2012, 22, 125–136.
He, C.; Ma, Q.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, Q. Modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power
consumption in mainland China using saturation-corrected DMSP/OLS nighttime stable light
data. Int. J. Digit. Earth 2013, doi:10.1080/17538947.2013.822026
He, C.; Shi, P.; Li, J.; Chen, J.; Pan, Y.; Li, J.; Zhuo, L.; Ichinose, T. Restoring urbanization
process in China in the 1990s by using non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light
imagery and statistical data. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2006, 51, 1614–1620.
Henderson, M.; Yeh, E.T.; Gong, P.; Elvidge, C.; Baugh, K. Validation of urban boundaries
derived from global night-time satellite imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2003, 24, 595–609.
Henderson, V.; Storeygard, A.; Weil, D.N. A bright idea for measuring economic growth.
Am. Econ. Rev. 2011, 101, 194–199.
Hsu, F.-C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Matsuno, Y. Exploring and estimating in-use steel stocks in civil
engineering and buildings from night-time lights. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2013, 34, 490–504.
Imhoff, M.L.; Lawrence, W.T.; Elvidge, C.D.; Paul, T.; Levine, E.; Privalsky, M.V.; Brown, V.
Using nighttime DMSP/OLS images of city lights to estimate the impact of urban land use on
soil resources in the United States. Remote Sens. Environ. 1997, 59, 105–117.
Imhoff, M.L.; Lawrence, W.T.; Stutzer, D.C.; Elvidge, C.D. A technique for using composite
DMSP/OLS “city lights” satellite data to map urban area. Remote Sens. Environ. 1997, 61,
361–370.
Jiang, L.; Deng, X.; Seto, K.C. Multi-level modeling of urban expansion and cultivated land
conversion for urban hotspot counties in China. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2012, 108, 131–139.
Joshi, P.; Bairwa, B.M.; Sharma, R.; Sinha, V.S. Assessing urbanization patterns over India using
temporal DMSP-OLS night-time satellite data. Curr. Sci. (Bangalore) 2011, 100, 1479–1482.
S6
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
Kharol, S.; Badarinath, K.V.S. Effect of synoptic meteorological conditions on aerosol properties
over urban environment: A study over tropical urban region of Hyderabad, India. Acta Geophys.
2007, 55, 383–397.
Kharol, S.K.; Badarinath, K.V.S. Impact of biomass burning on aerosol properties over tropical
urban region of Hyderabad, India. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33, L20801.
Chand, T.R.K.; Badarinath, K.V.S.; Prasad, V.K.; Murthy, M.S.R.; Elvidge, C.D.; Tuttle, B.T.
Monitoring forest fires over the Indian region using defense meteorological satellite
program-operational linescan system nighttime satellite data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 103,
165–178.
Kiyofuji, H.; Saitoh, S.-I. Use of nighttime visible images to detect Japanese common squid
Todarodes Pacificus fishing areas and potential migration routes in the Sea of Japan. Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser. 2004, 276, 173–186.
Kohiyama, M.; Hayashi, H.; Maki, N.; Higashida, M.; Kroehl, H.W.; Elvidge, C.D.; Hobson, V.R.
Early damaged area estimation system using DMSP-OLS night-time imagery. Int. J. Remote
Sens. 2004, 25, 2015–2036.
Kort, E.A.; Frankenberg, C.; Miller, C.E.; Oda, T. Space-based observations of megacity carbon
dioxide. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39, L17806.
Kuang, W. Evaluating impervious surface growth and its impacts on water environment in
Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan area. J. Geogr. Sci. 2012, 22, 535–547.
Lawrence, W.T.; Imhoff, M.L.; Kerle, N.; Stutzer, D. Quantifying urban land use and impact on
soils in Egypt using diurnal satellite imagery of the earth surface. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2002, 23,
3921–3937.
Letu, H.; Hara, M.; Tana, G.; Nishio, F. A saturated light correction method for DMSP/OLS
nighttime satellite imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2012, 50, 389–396.
Letu, H.; Hara, M.; Yagi, H.; Naoki, K.; Tana, G.; Nishio, F.; Shuhei, O. Estimating energy
consumption from night-time DMPS/OLS imagery after correcting for saturation effects. Int. J.
Remote Sens. 2010, 31, 4443–4458.
Levin, N.; Duke, Y. High spatial resolution night-time light images for demographic and
socio-economic studies. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 119, 1–10.
Li, X.; Chen, F.; Chen, X. Satellite-Observed nighttime light variation as evidence for global
armed conflicts. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 2013, 6, 2302–2315.
Li, X.; Chen, X.; Zhao, Y.; Xu, J.; Chen, F.; Li, H. Automatic intercalibration of night-time light
imagery using robust regression. Remote Sens. Lett. 2013, 4, 45–54.
Li, X.; Ge, L.; Chen, X. Detecting Zimbabwe’s decadal economic decline using nighttime light
imagery. Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 4551–4570.
Liu, Q.; Yang, Y.; Tian, H.; Zhang, B.; Gu, L. Assessment of human impacts on vegetation in
built-up areas in China based on AVHRR, MODIS and DMSP_OLS nighttime light data,
1992–2010. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2013, 24, 231–244.
Liu, Z.; He, C.; Zhang, Q.; Huang, Q.; Yang, Y. Extracting the dynamics of urban expansion in
China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2012,
106, 62–72.
S7
85.
Lo, C.P. Modeling the population of China using DMSP operational linescan system nighttime
data. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2001, 67, 1037–1047.
86. Lo, C.P. Urban indicators of China from radiance-calibrated digital DMSP-OLS nighttime
images. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2002, 92, 225–240.
87. Lu, D.; Tian, H.; Zhou, G.; Ge, H. Regional mapping of human settlements in southeastern China
with multisensor remotely sensed data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2008, 112, 3668–3679.
88. Lu, D.; Xu, X.; Tian, H.; Moran, E.; Zhao, M.; Running, S. The effects of urbanization on net
primary productivity in southeastern China. Environ. Manag. 2010, 46, 404–410.
89. Ma, T.; Zhou, C.; Pei, T.; Haynie, S.; Fan, J. Quantitative estimation of urbanization dynamics
using time series of DMSP/OLS nighttime light data: A comparative case study from China’s
cities. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 124, 99–107.
90. Matsuoka, M.; Hayasaka, T.; Fukushima, Y.; Honda, Y. Land cover in east Asia classified using
terra MODIS and DMSP OLS products. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2007, 28, 221–248.
91. Maxwell, M.R.; Henry, A.; Elvidge, C.; Safran, J.; Hobson, V.; Nelson, I.; Tuttle, B.; Dietz, J.;
Hunter, J. Fishery dynamics of the California market squid (Loligo opalescens), as measured by
satellite remote sensing. Fish. Bull. 2004, 102, 661–670.
92. Milesi, C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Nemani, R.R.; Running, S.W. Assessing the impact of urban land
development on net primary productivity in the southeastern United States. Remote Sens.
Environ. 2003, 86, 401–410.
93. Miller, S.D.; Haddock, S.H.D.; Elvidge, C.D.; Lee, T.F. Detection of a bioluminescent milky sea
from space. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102, 14181–14184.
94. Min, B.; Gaba, K.M.; Sarr, O.F.; Agalassou, A. Detection of rural electrification in Africa using
DMSP-OLS night lights imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2013, 34, 8118–8141.
95. Nizeyimana, E.L.; Petersen, G.W.; Imhoff, M.L.; Sinclair, H.R.; Waltman, S.W.;
Reed-Margetan, D.S.; Levine, E.R.; Russo, J.M. Assessing the impact of land conversion to
urban use on soils with different productivity levels in the USA. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2001, 65,
391–402.
96. Oda, T.; Maksyutov, S. A very high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) global fossil fuel CO2 emission
inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights.
Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11, 543–556.
97. Owen, T.W. Using DMSP-OLS light frequency data to categorize urban environments associated
with us climate observing stations. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1998, 19, 3451–3456.
98. Pandey, B.; Joshi, P.K.; Seto, K.C. Monitoring urbanization dynamics in india using DMSP/OLS
night time lights and SPOT-VGT data. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2013, 23, 49–61.
99. Prasad, V.K.; Kant, Y.; Gupta, P.K.; Elvidge, C.; Badarinath, K.V.S. Biomass burning and related
trace gas emissions from tropical dry deciduous forests of India: A study using DMSP-OLS data
and ground-based measurements. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2002, 23, 2837–2851.
100. Propastin, P.; Kappas, M. Assessing satellite-observed nighttime lights for monitoring
socioeconomic parameters in the republic of Kazakhstan. GISci. Remote Sens. 2012, 49, 538–557.
101. Raupach, M.R.; Rayner, P.J.; Paget, M. Regional variations in spatial structure of nightlights,
population density and fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. Energy Policy 2010, 38, 4756–4764.
S8
102. Roychowdhury, K.; Jones, S.D.; Arrowsmith, C.; Reinke, K. A comparison of high and low gain
DMSP/OLS satellite images for the study of socio-economic metrics. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl.
Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 2011, 4, 35–42.
103. Roychowdhury, P.K.; Maithani, S. Monitoring growth of built-up areas in indo-gangetic plain
using multi-sensor remote sensing data. J Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 2010, 38, 291–300.
104. Roychowdhury, P.K.; Maithani, S.; Dadhwal, V.K. Estimation of urban population in indo-gangetic
plains using night-time OLS data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2012, 33, 2498–2515.
105. Small, C. Spatiotemporal dimensionality and time-space characterization of multitemporal
imagery. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 124, 793–809.
106. Small, C.; Elvidge, C.D. Night on earth: Mapping decadal changes of anthropogenic night light
in Asia. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2013, 22, 40–52.
107. Small, C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Balk, D.; Montgomery, M. Spatial scaling of stable night lights.
Remote Sens. Environ. 2011, 115, 269–280.
108. Small, C.; Pozzi, F.; Elvidge, C.D. Spatial analysis of global urban extent from DMSP-OLS night
lights. Remote Sens. Environ. 2005, 96, 277–291.
109. Steve, F.; Tom, M.; Karen, C.S.; Mark, A.F. A global fingerprint of macro-scale changes in urban
structure from 1999 to 2009. Environ. Res. Lett. 2013, 8, 024004.
110. Stolle, F.; Dennis, R.A.; Kurniwan, I.; Lambin, E.F. Evaluation of remote sensing-based active
fire datasets in Indonesia. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2004, 25, 471–479.
111. Sutton, P. Modeling population density with night-time satellite imagery and GIS.
Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 1997, 21, 227–244.
112. Sutton, P.; Roberts, D.; Elvidge, C.; Baugh, K. Census from heaven: An estimate of the global
human population using nighttime satellite imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2001, 22, 3061–3076.
113. Sutton, P.; Roberts, D.; Elvidge, C.; Melj, H. A comparison of nighttime satellite imagery and
population density for the continental united states. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 1997, 63,
1303–1313.
114. Sutton, P.C. A scale-adjusted measure of “urban sprawl” using nighttime satellite imagery.
Remote Sens. Environ. 2003, 86, 353–369.
115. Sutton, P.C.; Anderson, S.J.; Elvidge, C.D.; Tuttle, B.T.; Ghosh, T. Paving the planet: Impervious
surface as proxy measure of the human ecological footprint. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2009, 33,
510–527.
116. Sutton, P.C.; Costanza, R. Global estimates of market and non-market values derived from
nighttime satellite imagery, land cover, and ecosystem service valuation. Ecol. Econ. 2002, 41,
509–527.
117. Sutton, P.C.; Cova, T.J.; Elvidge, C.D. Mapping “exurbia” in the vonterminous United States
using nighttime satellite imagery. Geocarto Int. 2006, 21, 39–45.
118. Sutton, P.C.; Elvidge, C.; Obremski, T. Building and evaluating models to estimate ambient
population density. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens 2003, 69, 545–553.
119. Sutton, P.C.; Goetz, A.R.; Fildes, S.; Forster, C.; Ghosh, T. Darkness on the edge of town:
Mapping urban and peri-urban Australia using nighttime satellite imagery. Prof. Geogr. 2010, 62,
119–133.
S9
120. Takahashi, K.I.; Terakado, R.; Nakamura, J.; Daigo, I.; Matsuno, Y.; Adachi, Y. In-Use stock of
copper analysis using satellite nighttime light observation data. Mater. Trans. 2009, 50,
1871–1874.
121. Toenges-Schuller, N.; Stein, O.; Rohrer, F.; Wahner, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J.P.; Beirle, S.;
Wagner, T.; Platt, U.; Elvidge, C.D. Global distribution pattern of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide
emissions: Correlation analysis of satellite measurements and model calculations. J. Geophys. Res.
2006, 111, D05312.
122. Townsend, A.C.; Bruce, D.A. The use of night-time lights satellite imagery as a measure of
australia’s regional electricity consumption and population distribution. Int. J. Remote Sens.
2010, 31, 4459–4480.
123. Tuttle, B.T.; Anderson, S.J.; Sutton, P.C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Baugh, K. It used to be dark here.
Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 2013, 79, 287–297.
124. Waluda, C.M.; Griffiths, H.J.; Rodhouse, P.G. Remotely sensed spatial dynamics of the Illex
Argentinus fishery, southwest Atlantic. Fish. Res. 2008, 91, 196–202.
125. Waluda, C.M.; Yamashiro, C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Hobson, V.R.; Rodhouse, P.G. Quantifying
light-fishing for Dosidicus Gigas in the eastern pacific using satellite remote sensing.
Remote Sens. Environ. 2004, 91, 129–133.
126. Waluda, C.M.; Yamashiro, C.; Rodhouse, P.G., Influence of the Enso cycle on the light-fishery
for Dosidicus Gigas in the Peru current: An analysis of remotely sensed data. Fish. Res. 2006, 79,
56–63.
127. Wang, W.; Cheng, H.; Zhang, L. Poverty assessment using DMSP/OLS night-time light satellite
imagery at a provincial scale in China. Adv. Space Res. 2012, 49, 1253–1264.
128. Witmer, F.; O’Loughlin, J. Detecting the effects of wars in the Caucasus regions of Russia and
Georgia using radiometrically normalized DMSP-OLS nighttime lights imagery. GISci. Remote
Sens. 2011, 48, 478–500.
129. Wu, J.; He, S.; Peng, J.; Li, W.; Zhong, X. Intercalibration of DMSP-OLS night-time light data
by the invariant region method. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2013, 34, 7356–7368.
130. Wu, J.; Wang, Z.; Li, W.; Peng, J. Exploring factors affecting the relationship between light
consumption and GDP based on DMSP/OLS nighttime satellite imagery. Remote Sens. Environ.
2013, 134, 111–119.
131. Wu, K.; Yang, X. Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China.
Chin. Sci. Bull. 2013, 58, 1363–1373.
132. Yang, X.; Yue, W.; Gao, D. Spatial improvement of human population distribution based on
multi-sensor remote-sensing data: An input for exposure assessment. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2013,
34, 5569–5583.
133. Yang, Y.; He, C.; Zhang, Q.; Han, L.; Du, S. Timely and accurate national-scale mapping of
urban land in China using defense meteorological satellite program’s operational linescan system
nighttime stable light data. J. Appl. Remote Sens. 2013, 7, 073535–073535.
134. Zeng, C.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, S.; Yan, F.; Zhao, Q. Population spatialization in China based on
night-time imagery and land use data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2011, 32, 9599–9620.
135. Zhang, J.; Reid, J.S.; Miller, S.D.; Turk, F.J. Strategy for studying nocturnal aerosol optical depth
using artificial lights. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2008, 29, 4599–4613.
S10
136. Zhang, P.; Imhoff, M.L.; Wolfe, R.E.; Bounoua, L. Characterizing urban heat islands of global
settlements using MODIS and nighttime lights products. Can. J. Remote Sens. 2010, 36,
185–196.
137. Zhang, Q.; Schaaf, C.; Seto, K.C. The vegetation adjusted NTL urban index: A new approach to
reduce saturation and increase variation in nighttime luminosity. Remote Sens. Environ. 2013,
129, 32–41.
138. Zhang, Q.; Seto, K. Can night-time light data identify typologies of urbanization? A global
assessment of successes and failures. Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 3476–3494.
139. Zhang, Q.; Seto, K.C. Mapping urbanization dynamics at regional and global scales using
multi-temporal DMSP/OLS nighttime light data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2011, 115, 2320–2329.
140. Zhao, N.; Currit, N.; Samson, E. Net primary production and gross domestic product in China
derived from satellite imagery. Ecol. Econ. 2011, 70, 921–928.
141. Zhao, N.; Ghosh, T.; Currit, N.; Elvidge, C. Relationships between satellite observed lit area and
water footprints. Water Resour. Manag. 2011, 25, 2241–2250.
142. Zhao, N.; Ghosh, T.; Samson, E.L. Mapping spatio-temporal changes of Chinese electric power
consumption using night-time imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2012, 33, 6304–6320.
143. Zhao, N.; Samson, E.L. Estimation of virtual water contained in international trade products
using nighttime imagery. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2012, 18, 243–250.
144. Zhuo, L.; Ichinose, T.; Zheng, J.; Chen, J.; Shi, P.J.; Li, X. Modelling the population density of
China at the pixel level based on DMSP/OLS non-radiance-calibrated night-time light images.
Int. J. Remote Sens. 2009, 30, 1003–1018.
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Download