Session B8
Paper 5
Disclaimer — This paper partially fulfills a writing requirement for first year (freshman) engineering students at the
University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering. This paper is a student, not a professional , paper. This paper is based on publicly available information and may not be provide complete analyses of all relevant data. If this paper is used for any purpose other than these authors’ partial fulfillment of a writing requirement for first year (freshman) engineering students at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, the user does so at his or her own risk.
Francisc Grigore, frg15@pitt.edu, Vidic 2:00 pm, Jeffrey Pepin, jjp87@pitt.edu, Mena 4:00 pm
Revised Proposal — We will examine internal combustion engines that utilize the Rankine Cycle to optimize the waste heat within commercial passenger cars. Internal combustion engines are the type of engines used in land or water vehicles. The internal combustion engine’s main purpose is converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. An internal combustion engine works by taking in a chemical substance and applying high temperature and pressure thus resulting in a combustion reaction that will proceed to apply a force to parts in the engine such as pistons, nozzles, or turbine blades. The force applied to those parts yield mechanical energy which will then in turn power the vehicle to move. No engine is 100% efficient; therefore there will always be waste. The significance in utilizing the waste heat given off from the internal combustion engine is that the waste heat can be turned into more mechanical energy thus raising the efficiency of the engine. Efficiency is highly valued across all fields of engineering and fuel efficiency is one of the main goals car manufacturers strive for. The current “energy crisis” that we are going through with oil is putting a large strain on car manufacturers to push for efficiency when designing new car models. Innovation is critical to making progress towards finding more fuel efficient vehicles and utilizing the waste heat given off from internal combustion engines is a viable process to innovate and research. Innovation is one of the main goals an engineer strives for and learning about how we can innovate using this technology is beneficial to all engineers whether they are in the mechanical engineering field or not. The
Rankine cycle is one such method. The Rankine cycle is a type of waste heat recovery unit that attempts to convert the wasted internal heat of combustion engines into mechanical energy. The approach to this paper is looking at the current ways waste heat from internal combustion engines are being utilized and focus in on one specific system currently in place. We will be researching the Rankine cycle and how it is used to minimize waste heat in internal combustion engines.
We will organize the paper by researching the strengths and weaknesses of Rankine cycle and looking at the impact of implementing the Rankine cycle in internal combustion engines.
University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering
January 1, 2016
1
G. Dong, R. Morgan, M. Heikal. (Nov. 2015). “A Novel Split
Cycle Internal Combustion Engine With Integral Waste Heat
Recovery.” Applied Energy.
(Online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=ef bb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=110511489
&db=aph
T. Jacobs. (July 2015). “ Waste Heat Recovery Potential of
Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Technologies”
Journal Of Energy Resources Technology.
(Online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=ef bb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=10
8973053
M. Kevonen. (Jan 2016). “ Technology Competition In
The Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: A
Patent Landscape Analysis.” Journal of Cleaner Production.
(Online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=ef bb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=11
1567827
K. Ramesh. (2011). “ Experimental Study On Waste Heat
Recovery From An Internal Combustion Engine Using
Thermoelectric Technology.” Thermal Science.
(Online
Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=10&sid=e fbb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=73
943199
M. Tahani, S. Javan. (2013). “A Comprehensive Study On
Waste Heat Recovery From Internal Combustion Engines
Using Organic Rankine Cycle.” Thermal Science (Online
Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=12&sid=e fbb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-

Francisc Grigore
Jeffrey Pepin
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=87773272& db=aph
T. Horst, W. Tegethoff, P. Elits, J. Koehler. (2014).
“Prediction of dynamic Rankine Cycle waste heat recovery performance and fuel saving potential in passenger car applications considering interactions with vehicles’ energy management.” Energy Conversion and Management.
(Online
Article) https://www.engineeringvillage.com/search/doc/abstract.url?
pageType=expertSearch&searchtype=Expert&SEARCHID= b3a947eaM8aeaM4217M807dM33bb072a3406&DOCINDE
X=7&database=3&format=expertSearchAbstractFormat&ded upResultCount=&SEARCHID=b3a947eaM8aeaM4217M807 dM33bb072a3406
Mago, Pedro J. Srinivasan, Kalyan K. (2010). “Exhaust
Waste Heat Recovery From Stationary Engines Using
Organic Rankine Cycles.”
Knovel (Online Article) http://app.knovel.com/hotlink/cases/rcid:kpEWHRFSEN/id:k pEWHRFSEN/exhaust-waste-heat-recovery/exhaust-wasteheat-recovery
Heidrich, Peter, and Thomas Krisch. 2015. "Assessment of
Waste Heat Recovery Options in Passenger Car Applications by Various Rankine Cycles." Heat Transfer Engineering
(Online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=51&sid=0
0944da1-76b2-4e50-a551b56025ee2299%40sessionmgr114&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdG
U9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=101947624&db=aph
G. Dong, R. Morgan, M. Heikal (Nov. 2015) “A novel split cycle internal combustion engine with integral waste heat recovery.” Applied Energy http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=ef bb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=110511489
&db=aph
The article is from Applied Energy an academic journal the focuses on power and energy. The article talks about a split system that can be used in combustion engines to reduce waste hate. This article will be useful so we have a better understanding of different types of waste heat recovery systems and we are better able to understand the advantages of the Rankine cycle.
Heidrich, Peter, and Thomas Krisch. 2015. "Assessment of
Waste Heat Recovery Options in Passenger Car Applications by Various Rankine Cycles." Heat Transfer Engineering
(Online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=51&sid=0
0944da1-76b2-4e50-a551b56025ee2299%40sessionmgr114&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdG
U9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=101947624&db=aph
This article comes from Heat Transfer Engineering who focuses on Engineering and Thermodynamics. This article will be very helpful while writing the paper because I compares the Rankine cycle to other waste heat conversion methods. We will be able to use this source to get data on how effective the Rankine cycle is compared to other cycles and to get real life test data for the paper.
K. Ramesh (2011) “Experimental Study On Waste Heat
Recovery From An Internal Combustion Engine Using
Thermoelectric Technology.” Thermal Science (Online
Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=10&sid=e fbb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=73
943199
This article is from a professional and peer-reviewed journal which focuses on thermal energy and science. The article examines how thermoelectric generators can be used as a waste heat recovery system. While the focus of our paper is not on thermoelectric generators it will still help us. The article discusses in great detail the benefits and process of utilizing waste heat from an engine.
Mago, Pedro J. Srinivasan, Kalyan K. (2010). “Exhaust
Waste Heat Recovery From Stationary Engines Using
Organic Rankine Cycles.” Knovel (Online Article) http://app.knovel.com/hotlink/cases/rcid:kpEWHRFSEN/id:k pEWHRFSEN/exhaust-waste-heat-recovery/exhaust-wasteheat-recovery
This article comes from Knovel an online library focusing on topics in Engineering. The article discusses the Rankine cycle and describes the process the Rankine cycle uses to convert the waste heat into more mechanical energy. This article will be used to describe the Rankine cycle and provide diagrams that are useful for understanding the process.
M. Kevonen (Jan 2016) “ Technology Competition In
The Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: A
Patent Landscape Analysis.” Journal of Cleaner Production
(online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=ef bb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=11
1567827
This article is from a professional and peer-reviewed journal concerning and examining new ways to achieve cleaner production. The article examines different waste heat recovery technologies including Rankine cycles and compares which technology offers more environmental gains and better efficiency. Information from this article will help us see how much more effective a Rankine cycle is compared to other technologies.
2

Francisc Grigore
Jeffrey Pepin
M. Tahani, S. Javan (2013) “A Comprehensive Study On
Waste Heat Recovery From Internal Combustion Engines
Using Organic Rankine Cycle.” Thermal Science http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=12&sid=e fbb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=87773272& db=aph
This article is from a professional and peer-reviewed journal which focuses on thermal energy and science. This article analyzes reduction in fuel consumption as a result from using a Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system. They analyze using a parametric optimization process. This article will aid us because it has actual data and figures that demonstrate how Rankine cycles help lower fuel consumption.
T. Horst, W. Tegethoff, P. Elits, J. Koehler. (2014).
“Prediction of dynamic Rankine Cycle waste heat recovery performance and fuel saving potential in passenger car applications considering interactions with vehicles’ energy management.” Energy Conversion and Management.
(Online
Article) https://www.engineeringvillage.com/search/doc/abstract.url?
pageType=expertSearch&searchtype=Expert&SEARCHID= b3a947eaM8aeaM4217M807dM33bb072a3406&DOCINDE
X=7&database=3&format=expertSearchAbstractFormat&ded upResultCount=&SEARCHID=b3a947eaM8aeaM4217M807 dM33bb072a3406
This article is from a professional and peer-reviewed journal which discusses different ways of energy conversion and management. This article analyzes the fuel consumption of Rankine cycles and focuses on the best way to incorporate
Rankine cycles in an automobile for optimal efficiency. This article helps us because it demonstrates the usefulness and effectiveness of Rankine cycles regarding fuel consumption.
T. Jacobs (July 2015) “Waste Heat Recovery Potential of
Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Technologies”
Journal of Energy Resources Technology (Online Article) http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=ef bb99aa-ca7b-4689-bacf-
8d071d35eb70%40sessionmgr115&hid=124&bdata=JkF1dG hUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=10
8973053
This article is from the Journal of Energy Resources a journal that focuses on mechanical engineering and power engineering. The article describes different ways that current combustion engines produce waste heat and what is done with the waste heat. This article will be very helpful when we describe how the Rankine cycle can be applied to combustion engines and where the Rankine cycle will be installed because it describes the different areas of waste heat of internal combustion engines.
3