Earth Space Science Semester 2 Exam Study Guide
Ch. 19 Earthquakes
____ 1. The stress which causes a material to twist is known as ____.
a. Strain
c. Tension
b. compression
d. Shear
____ 2. The strain which causes a material to pull apart is known as ____.
a. stress
c. tension
b. compression
d. shear
____ 3. The focus is the point where _______
a. the most surface damage will occur.
b. the surface waves originate and spread out.
c. the waves are attracted.
d. the waves originate.
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
____ 4. Which point marks the epicenter of the earthquake?
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 5. Which type of material would be best to use for construction in an area prone to earthquakes?
a. Concrete
c. Wood
b. Brick
d. Stone
Use the graph to answer the questions 19-20.
____ 6. A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the epicenter of an earthquake. What is the difference in
time between when the P-waves reach the seismogram and the S-waves reach the seismogram?
a. 5 1/2 minutes
c. 10 minutes
b. 6 minutes
d. 22 minutes
____ 7. P-waves reaches a seismogram 6 minutes after an earthquake occurs and the S-waves arrive 3 and a half
minutes later. How far is the seismogram from the earthquakes epicenter?
a. 1000 km
c. 3000 km
b. 2000 km
d. 4000 km
____ 8. A ____ fault forms as a result of horizontal compression.
a. blind
c. strike-slip
b. normal
d. reverse
____ 9. The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a ____ fault.
a. blind
c. strike-slip
b. normal
d. reverse
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
Ch. 21 Geologic Time
_____ 10. Which of the following lists the units of geologic time in order from shortest to longest?
a. era, eon, period, epoch
c. eon, era, period, epoch
b. epoch, period, era, eon
d. epoch, eon, period, era
____ 11. Which of the following is marked by the appearance of organisms with hard parts?
a. the beginning of the Cenozoic
c. the end of the Precambrian
b. the end of the Mesozoic
d. the beginning of the Cretaceous
____ 12. The amount of time it takes for one-half of the original amount of an isotope to decay is known as its…
a. half-life
c. period
b. correlation
d. radioactivity
____ 13. An example of a trace fossil includes a ____.
a. cast of a clam
c. mud crack
b. raindrop impression
d. worm trail
____ 14. On the geologic time scale, the smallest unit of time is called a(n) ____.
a. epoch
c. eon
b. period
d. era
___ 15. Which of the following is used to determine the absolute age of a rock?
a. relative-age dating
c. radiometric dating
b. correlation
d. permineralization
____ 16. Index fossils are useful to geologists if the fossils ____.
a. are scarce
b. are not easily recognized
c. are not widely distributed geographically
d. have lived over a short period of time
____ 17. The principle of superposition can be used to determine
a.
b.
c.
d.
the relative age of these rock layers
the relative densities of these rock layers
the actual temperatures of these rock layers
the actual age of these rock layers
.
____ 18. The oldest rock layer in an undisturbed rock sequence occurs ____.
a. at the top of the sequence
c. below the unconformity
b. below the sedimentary rock layer
d. at the bottom of the sequence
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….
Ch. 23 Geologic Time Periods
____ 19. When there is no tectonic activity along the edge of a continent, the edge is referred to as a ____.
a. Passive margin
c. Transgression
b. Regression
d. Coastline
____ 20. As North America rifted from Europe and Africa, a continuous rift system called the ____ was formed.
a. Cordillera
c. Gulf of Mexico
b. East African Rift Valley
d. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
____ 21. Movement of a shoreline seaward
a. Regression
b. Passive margins
c. Transgression
d. Orogeny
____ 22. Movement of a shoreline inland
a. Transgression
b. Passive margins
c. Regression
d. Orogeny
____ 23. The Late ____________________ was a time of active mountain building.
a. Precambrian
c. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
d. Paleozoic
____ 24. The ____________________ explosion was marked by great diversity of life, including the development of
animals with skeletons.
a. Cambrian
c. Permian
b. Ordovician
d. Devonian
____ 25. A rapid appearance of many new species of organism’s usually________.
a. happens after a mass extinction
b. is directly related to a drop in sea level
c. leads to an increase in glaciation
d. happens just before an extinction event
____ 26. The southernmost point to which glaciers advanced in North America is marked by the path(s) of the ____.
a. Missouri River
c. Ohio River and the Missouri River
b. Ohio River and the Mississippi River d. Mississippi River
____ 27. Contains fluid and food, and protects embryo
a. Vascular plant
c. Passive margin
b. Amniotic egg
d. Regression
____ 28. Tiny, ocean-dwelling organisms called _________________________ made up the base of the food chain
during the Mesozoic.
a. dinosaurs
c. Mammals
b. reptiles
d. phytoplankton
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Ch. 14 Climate
29.
Localized climate that differs from the surrounding regional climate.
A. heat island
B. Maunder minimum
C. microclimate
D. greenhouse effect
30.
Natural heating of Earth’s surface by certain atmospheric gases, which helps keep Earth warm enough to
sustain life.
A. global warming
B. Maunder minimum
C. El Nino
D. greenhouse effect
31.
Study of Earth’s climate in order to understand and predict climatic change, based on past and present
variations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and other weather variables.
A. polarology
B. Maunderology
C. pastology
D. climatology
32.
Area of Earth that receives the most solar radiation, is gererally warm year-round, and extends between
23.5° south and 23.5° north of the equator.
A. polar zones
B. tropics
C. temperate zones
D. heat island
33.
Classification system for climates, divided into five types, based on the mean monthly values of
temperature and precipitation and types of vegetation.
A. Standard Climatic Data
B. climatology
C. Koppen Classification System
D. Climate Classification System
34.
Standard value for a location, including rainfall, wind speed, and temperatures, based on meteorological
records compiled for at least 30 years.
A. normal
B. climatology
C. parallax
D. prominence
35.
Period of extensive glacial coverage, producing long-term climatic changes, where average global
temperatures decreased by 5°C.
A. El Nino
B. ice age
C. global glacial period
D. Maunder minimum
36.
Area of Earth that extends between 23.5° and 66.5° north and south of the equator and has moderate
temperatures.
A. polar zones
B. tropics
C. temperate zones
D. heat island
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
D
C
D
C
C
B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C
A
D
A
C
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
D
A
D
A
D
A
A
D
24.
25.
26.
27.
A
A
C
B
28.
29.
30.
31.
D
C
D
D
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
B
C
A
B
C