Insights from community ecology into the role of enemy release in causing invasion success: the importance of native enemy effects
Biological Invasions
Kirsten M. Prior1, Thomas H.Q. Powell, Ashley L. Joseph, Jessica J. Hellmann
Corresponding Author1: University of Florida; priorkm@gmail.com
Electronic Supplementary Material 4: Tables of statistics for main comparisons (ecosystems and taxonomic groups)
Table S4.1 Mean effect sizes (Hedges’ d), confidence limits, and statistics for comparisons of enemy effects among ecosystems and
taxonomic groups
Variable
Levels
Hedges’
Lower
Upper
n
QW
d.f. PW
QB
d.f. PB
d
95% CL
95% CL
Ecosystem
Terrestrial
0.61
0.49
0.73
283
Marine
0.86
0.62
1.08
172
Freshwater
0.86
0.68
1.04
160 929.84 612 <0.0001 7.50
2
0.0235
Terrestrial Prey
Plant
0.38
0.21
0.57
136
Marine Prey
Freshwater Prey
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Plant
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Plant
Invertebrate
0.75
0.69
0.90
0.95
0.96
1.17
0.67
0.61
0.20
0.53
0.53
0.64
0.92
0.44
0.91
1.15
1.24
1.38
1.38
1.48
0.91
130
17
95
58
19
56
98
Vertebrate
1.31
0.68
2.34
6
412.23
280
<0.0001
11.16
2
0.0038
258.17
169
<0.0001
0.34
2
0.9818
206.69
157
0.0048
7.75
2
0.0207
Note. Statistical comparisons were conducted among ecosystems and among taxonomic groups within each ecosystem. Confidence
limits are 95 % bias-corrected confidence intervals. Sample sizes are given (i.e., number of observations). Significance of QB
(between-group comparison) and QW (within-group comparison) were estimated using chi-square distributions. Significant betweengroup comparisons are in boldtype. See Fig. 3 in manuscript.
Table S4.2 Mean effect sizes (ln R), confidence limits, and statistics for comparisons of enemy effects among ecosystems types and
taxonomic groups
Variable
Levels
ln R
Lower
Upper
n
QW
d.f. PW
QB
d.f. PB
95% CL
95% CL
Ecosystem
Terrestrial
0.40
0.32
0.47
276
Marine
0.67
0.51
0.82
162
Freshwater
0.58
0.45
0.73
154
1023.89 589 <0.0001 20.37 2
<0.0001
Terrestrial Prey Plant
0.25
0.13
0.38
128
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Marine Prey
Plant
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Freshwater Prey Plant
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
0.51
0.51
0.74
0.65
0.57
0.83
0.42
0.41
0.22
0.49
0.40
0.38
0.65
0.28
0.61
0.81
0.97
0.92
0.80
1.05
0.60
131
17
87
57
18
52
96
1.35
0.54
2.31
6
413.61
273
<0.0001
16.11
2
0.0003
234.76
159
0.0001
0.70
2
0.7043
333.66
151
<0.0001
25.74
2
<0.0001
Note. Statistical comparisons were conducted among ecosystems types and taxonomic groups within each ecosystem. Confidence
limits are 95 % bias-corrected confidence intervals. Sample sizes are given (i.e., number of observations). Significance of QB and QW
were estimated using chi-square distributions. Significant between-group comparisons are in boldtype.
Table S4.3 Mean effect sizes (Hedges’ d), confidence limits, and statistics for comparisons of enemy effects among ecosystems and
taxonomic groups at the study level
Variable
Levels
Hedges’
Lower
Upper
N
QW
d.f. PW
QB
d.f. PB
d
95% CL
95% CL
Ecosystem
Terrestrial
0.65
0.49
0.83
77
Marine
0.97
0.73
1.23
50
Freshwater
1.05
0.84
1.29
47
205.58
171 0.0356
7.19
2
0.0275
Terrestrial Prey Plant
0.54
0.30
0.81
34
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Marine Prey
Plant
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Freshwater Prey Plant
Invertebrate
0.73
0.89
0.95
1.02
1.20
1.30
0.78
0.50
0.27
0.63
0.61
0.76
0.96
0.54
0.99
1.50
1.29
1.77
1.78
1.72
1.04
33
10
30
13
7
23
20
88.18
74
0.1248
1.61
2
0.4481
63.13
47
0.8651
0.29
2
0.8651
44.42
41
0.3297
4.38
1
0.0363
Note. Statistical comparisons were conducted among ecosystems types and taxonomic groups within each ecosystem. Confidence
limits are 95 % bias-corrected confidence intervals. Sample sizes are given (i.e., number of studies). Significance of QB and QW were
estimated using chi-square distributions. Significant between-group comparisons are in boldtype. Freshwater vertebrates studies were
not included in the analysis because this group contained less than five studies.