Typical disorders of the carbohydrate metabolism
1. Hyperglycemia can be caused by excess:
+a) epinephrine; +b) thyroid hormones; +c) glucocorticoids; +d) growth hormone; e) insulin.
2. The main pathogenetic link of hypoglycemic coma:
+a) carbohydrate and energy "starvation" of brain neurons; b) carbohydrate "starvation" of the
myocardium; c) hypoosmia of the blood; d) uncompensated ketoacidosis.
3. Complications of long-term diabetes mellitus:
+a) immunodeficiency states; +b) acceleration of development of the atherosclerosis;
+c) reduction of resistance to infections; +d) reduction of antitumor sustainability;
+e) microangiopathy; +f) macroangiopathy.
4. Absorption of monosaccharides in the intestine violated for deficiency of:
a) pepsin; +b) hexokinase; c) transaminase; +d) phosphatase.
5. Factors that significantly alter the activity of enzymes, ensuring the absorption of sugars
in the intestine:
+a) inflammation of the small intestine; +b) phloridzin poisoning; c) phenylhydrazine poisoning;
+d) monoiodine acetate poisoning; e) potassium chlorate poisoning.
6. Factors that can lead to violation of intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates:
+a) disorders of the liver; b) a disorder of renal function; +c) B1vitamin deficiencies;
d) B12 vitamin deficiencies; +e) hypoxic conditions.
7. The basis of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) is a genetically determined
defect of:
+a) 1,4-glucosidase; b) phosphorylase.
8. Synthesis of glycogen at hepatic failure, pulmonary failure, cardiovascular failure:
a) enhanced; +b) is weakened.
9. Synthesis of glycogen in thyrotoxicosis and diabetes mellitus:
a) enhanced; +b) is weakened.
10. In which of presented options of blood glucose (mmol / L) will be detected glycosuria at
unchanged renal function?
a) 5,5-7,7; +b) 8,8-11,1; c) 6,6-7,8.
11. The basis of glycogen storage disease type I (Gierke disease) is a hereditary deficiency:
+a) glucose-6-phosphatase; b) phosphofructokinase
12. The main symptoms of developing hypoglycemic coma:
a) sweating; b) sudden onset; c) excitation; d) tremor; e) seizures; +f) all answers are correct.
13. Manifest diabetes mellitus is characterized by:
a) polyuria; b) polyphagia; c) polydipsia; d) hyperglycemia; e) glycosuria; f) violation of glucose
tolerance test; +g) all answers are correct.
14. Ketonemia and ketonuria in diabetes mellitus are associated with:
+a) increased lipolysis in the liver; b) restriction of digestion of fat in the liver;
c) increased resynthesis of ketone bodies in the higher fatty acids; +d) decrease in resynthesis of
ketone bodies in the higher fatty acids; e) increased oxidation of ketone bodies; +f) decrease in
the oxidation of ketone bodies.
15. Polyuria in diabetes mellitus is associated with:
a) decrease in production of ADH; +b) increase of osmotic pressure in the renal tubules; c)
decrease of osmotic pressure in the renal tubules.
16. In patients with diabetes:
a) protein synthesis increases; +b) process of protein synthesis is reduced;
c) the body's resistance to infection is increased; +d) the body's resistance to infection is reduced;
e) regeneration of wounds is not impaired; +f) regeneration of wounds is deteriorating; +g) in
childhood diabetes can result in a delay of the growth.
17. Hyperosmolar coma is typical for ketoacidosis?
a) yes; +b) no.
18. Which factors that cause the development of diabetes, belong to pancreatic?
a) tissue hypoxia; b) action of non-hormonal antagonists of insulin; +c) traumatic injury of
pancreas; +d) pancreatitis; e) increase in the activity of insulinase; +f) infectious-toxic damage of
the pancreas; g) intensifying of action of the contrainsular hormones.
19. Permanent hyperglycemia is typical for latent diabetes mellitus?
a) yes; +b) no.
20. Can diabetes mellitus develop on the background of normal insulin secretion?
+a) may be; b) can not.
21. Describe the changes in these processes in diabetes mellitus:
a) increase in the permeability of membranes of myocytes and adipocytes for glucose;
+b) decrease in membrane permeability of myocytes and adipocytes for glucose; c) inhibition of
gluconeogenesis; +d) stimulation of gluconeogenesis; +e) inhibition of the synthesis of
glycogen; f) the stimulation of glycogen synthesis.
22. What are the changes in metabolism occur in diabetes mellitus?
a) increase in the synthesis of proteins in the body; +b) inhibition of protein synthesis in the
body; c) increase of the accumulation of glycogen in the liver; +d) inhibition of the accumulation
of glycogen in the liver; e) amplification of glycolysis, the pentose cycle; +f) inhibition of
glycolysis, the pentose cycle; +g) the stimulation of lipolysis.
23. Factors causing hypoglycemia:
a) predominance of inhibitory processes in the CNS; b) restriction of carbohydrate intake with
food; c) reduction of the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; d) decreased secretion of
thyroxine; e) decrease in the secretion of glucocorticoids; f) reduction of production of ACTH;
g) increase in insulin production; +h) all answers are correct.
24. Factors causing hyperglycemia:
a) predominance of excitation in the central nervous system; b) high intake of carbohydrates with
food; c) increasing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; d) increase in the secretion of
thyroxine; e) increase in the secretion of glucocorticoids; f) increase in ACTH production;
g) decrease in the production of insulin; +h) all answers are correct.
25. In which of these cases, hypoglycemia develops?
+a) hyperinsulinism; +b) Addison's disease; +c) Girke's disease; d) thyrotoxicosis; e) Cushing's
disease; +f) renal diabetes; +g) hypothyroidism.
26. In which of these cases, hyperglycemia develops?
a) thyrotoxicosis; b) Cushing's disease; c) chronic alcoholism; d) pheochromocytoma; e) diabetes
mellitus; +f) all answers are correct.
27. Specify the causes of hypoglycemia:
+a) an excess of insulin; b) insulin deficiency; +c) deficiency of glucocorticoids; d) an excess of
glucocorticoids; +e) deficiency of thyroxine; f) an excess of thyroxine; +g) starvation.
28. "Disease" is characterized by:
a) a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being; +b) reduction of work capacity;
c) state of norm; d) "third" state; e) the development of preillness.
29. Does not apply to typical pathological process:
a) inflammation; b) fever; c) starvation; d) hypoxia; +e) uremia.
30. Belong to the typical pathological process:
a) anemia; +b) inflammation; +c) fever; +d) hypoxia; e) pneumonia; +f) allergy.
31. Which of these assertions is incorrect?
a) pathological process is the basis of any disease; b) one and the same pathological process may
be caused by various factors; +c) notions of the pathological process and the disease are
identical; d) one and the same pathological process may be a component of various diseases.
32. Pathological process is
a) persistent deviation from the norm, which has no adaptive value for the organism; b) damage
of organs and tissues by environmental factors; c) inadequate response of the organism to
various influences; +d) natural combination of effects of damage and protective-adaptive
reactions in damaged tissues, organs or body; e) deviation from the norm of the adaptive nature.
33. The pathological condition - is
a) response of the body, caused by the influence of damaging factors; +b) persistent deviation
from the norm, which has no adaptive value for the organism; c) unusual body reaction to impact
of environmental factors; d) damage of organs and tissues by environmental factors; e)
combination of effects of damage and protective-adaptive reactions in damaged tissues, organs
or body.
34. Pathological response - is
+a) short-term, elementary, an unusual body reaction to stimulus; b) steady, slow-paced process
or its consequences; c) morbid change in the functions and structures; d) symptom of the disease;
e) complication of disease.
35. An example of a disease (nosological unit) is
a) fever; b) leukocytosis; +c) myeloid leukemia; d) arterial hyperemia; e) inflammation.
36. Blindness after burn of eyes or a result of trauma is an example of
+a) pathological state; b) pathological process; c) pathological reaction; d) nosologic form
(disease); e) symptom of the disease.
37. Specify examples of pathological states:
a) hypoglycemia due to the introduction of large doses of insulin; +b) scar tissue changes;
+c) atrophy of the alveolar processes of the jaw due to the removal of teeth; d) spasm of
arterioles of the heart in thrombosis of the pulmonary artery; +e) acquired valvular defect.
38. Short-term lowering of blood pressure under the influence of negative emotions - is
+a) pathological reaction; b) the disease; c) pathological state; d) the pathological process;
e) disease syndrome.
39. Inflammation - is
+a) typical pathological process; b) pathological reaction; c) pathological state; d) disease;
e) symptom of the disease.
40. Stump after amputation, joint immobility, blindness are examples of
a) typical pathological process; b) pathological reaction; +c) pathological state; d) the disease;
e) complications of the disease.