Typical disorders of the carbohydrate metabolism 1. Hyperglycemia can be caused by excess: +a) epinephrine; +b) thyroid hormones; +c) glucocorticoids; +d) growth hormone; e) insulin. 2. The main pathogenetic link of hypoglycemic coma: +a) carbohydrate and energy "starvation" of brain neurons; b) carbohydrate "starvation" of the myocardium; c) hypoosmia of the blood; d) uncompensated ketoacidosis. 3. Complications of long-term diabetes mellitus: +a) immunodeficiency states; +b) acceleration of development of the atherosclerosis; +c) reduction of resistance to infections; +d) reduction of antitumor sustainability; +e) microangiopathy; +f) macroangiopathy. 4. Absorption of monosaccharides in the intestine violated for deficiency of: a) pepsin; +b) hexokinase; c) transaminase; +d) phosphatase. 5. Factors that significantly alter the activity of enzymes, ensuring the absorption of sugars in the intestine: +a) inflammation of the small intestine; +b) phloridzin poisoning; c) phenylhydrazine poisoning; +d) monoiodine acetate poisoning; e) potassium chlorate poisoning. 6. Factors that can lead to violation of intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates: +a) disorders of the liver; b) a disorder of renal function; +c) B1vitamin deficiencies; d) B12 vitamin deficiencies; +e) hypoxic conditions. 7. The basis of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) is a genetically determined defect of: +a) 1,4-glucosidase; b) phosphorylase. 8. Synthesis of glycogen at hepatic failure, pulmonary failure, cardiovascular failure: a) enhanced; +b) is weakened. 9. Synthesis of glycogen in thyrotoxicosis and diabetes mellitus: a) enhanced; +b) is weakened. 10. In which of presented options of blood glucose (mmol / L) will be detected glycosuria at unchanged renal function? a) 5,5-7,7; +b) 8,8-11,1; c) 6,6-7,8. 11. The basis of glycogen storage disease type I (Gierke disease) is a hereditary deficiency: +a) glucose-6-phosphatase; b) phosphofructokinase 12. The main symptoms of developing hypoglycemic coma: a) sweating; b) sudden onset; c) excitation; d) tremor; e) seizures; +f) all answers are correct. 13. Manifest diabetes mellitus is characterized by: a) polyuria; b) polyphagia; c) polydipsia; d) hyperglycemia; e) glycosuria; f) violation of glucose tolerance test; +g) all answers are correct. 14. Ketonemia and ketonuria in diabetes mellitus are associated with: +a) increased lipolysis in the liver; b) restriction of digestion of fat in the liver; c) increased resynthesis of ketone bodies in the higher fatty acids; +d) decrease in resynthesis of ketone bodies in the higher fatty acids; e) increased oxidation of ketone bodies; +f) decrease in the oxidation of ketone bodies. 15. Polyuria in diabetes mellitus is associated with: a) decrease in production of ADH; +b) increase of osmotic pressure in the renal tubules; c) decrease of osmotic pressure in the renal tubules. 16. In patients with diabetes: a) protein synthesis increases; +b) process of protein synthesis is reduced; c) the body's resistance to infection is increased; +d) the body's resistance to infection is reduced; e) regeneration of wounds is not impaired; +f) regeneration of wounds is deteriorating; +g) in childhood diabetes can result in a delay of the growth. 17. Hyperosmolar coma is typical for ketoacidosis? a) yes; +b) no. 18. Which factors that cause the development of diabetes, belong to pancreatic? a) tissue hypoxia; b) action of non-hormonal antagonists of insulin; +c) traumatic injury of pancreas; +d) pancreatitis; e) increase in the activity of insulinase; +f) infectious-toxic damage of the pancreas; g) intensifying of action of the contrainsular hormones. 19. Permanent hyperglycemia is typical for latent diabetes mellitus? a) yes; +b) no. 20. Can diabetes mellitus develop on the background of normal insulin secretion? +a) may be; b) can not. 21. Describe the changes in these processes in diabetes mellitus: a) increase in the permeability of membranes of myocytes and adipocytes for glucose; +b) decrease in membrane permeability of myocytes and adipocytes for glucose; c) inhibition of gluconeogenesis; +d) stimulation of gluconeogenesis; +e) inhibition of the synthesis of glycogen; f) the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. 22. What are the changes in metabolism occur in diabetes mellitus? a) increase in the synthesis of proteins in the body; +b) inhibition of protein synthesis in the body; c) increase of the accumulation of glycogen in the liver; +d) inhibition of the accumulation of glycogen in the liver; e) amplification of glycolysis, the pentose cycle; +f) inhibition of glycolysis, the pentose cycle; +g) the stimulation of lipolysis. 23. Factors causing hypoglycemia: a) predominance of inhibitory processes in the CNS; b) restriction of carbohydrate intake with food; c) reduction of the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; d) decreased secretion of thyroxine; e) decrease in the secretion of glucocorticoids; f) reduction of production of ACTH; g) increase in insulin production; +h) all answers are correct. 24. Factors causing hyperglycemia: a) predominance of excitation in the central nervous system; b) high intake of carbohydrates with food; c) increasing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; d) increase in the secretion of thyroxine; e) increase in the secretion of glucocorticoids; f) increase in ACTH production; g) decrease in the production of insulin; +h) all answers are correct. 25. In which of these cases, hypoglycemia develops? +a) hyperinsulinism; +b) Addison's disease; +c) Girke's disease; d) thyrotoxicosis; e) Cushing's disease; +f) renal diabetes; +g) hypothyroidism. 26. In which of these cases, hyperglycemia develops? a) thyrotoxicosis; b) Cushing's disease; c) chronic alcoholism; d) pheochromocytoma; e) diabetes mellitus; +f) all answers are correct. 27. Specify the causes of hypoglycemia: +a) an excess of insulin; b) insulin deficiency; +c) deficiency of glucocorticoids; d) an excess of glucocorticoids; +e) deficiency of thyroxine; f) an excess of thyroxine; +g) starvation. 28. "Disease" is characterized by: a) a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being; +b) reduction of work capacity; c) state of norm; d) "third" state; e) the development of preillness. 29. Does not apply to typical pathological process: a) inflammation; b) fever; c) starvation; d) hypoxia; +e) uremia. 30. Belong to the typical pathological process: a) anemia; +b) inflammation; +c) fever; +d) hypoxia; e) pneumonia; +f) allergy. 31. Which of these assertions is incorrect? a) pathological process is the basis of any disease; b) one and the same pathological process may be caused by various factors; +c) notions of the pathological process and the disease are identical; d) one and the same pathological process may be a component of various diseases. 32. Pathological process is a) persistent deviation from the norm, which has no adaptive value for the organism; b) damage of organs and tissues by environmental factors; c) inadequate response of the organism to various influences; +d) natural combination of effects of damage and protective-adaptive reactions in damaged tissues, organs or body; e) deviation from the norm of the adaptive nature. 33. The pathological condition - is a) response of the body, caused by the influence of damaging factors; +b) persistent deviation from the norm, which has no adaptive value for the organism; c) unusual body reaction to impact of environmental factors; d) damage of organs and tissues by environmental factors; e) combination of effects of damage and protective-adaptive reactions in damaged tissues, organs or body. 34. Pathological response - is +a) short-term, elementary, an unusual body reaction to stimulus; b) steady, slow-paced process or its consequences; c) morbid change in the functions and structures; d) symptom of the disease; e) complication of disease. 35. An example of a disease (nosological unit) is a) fever; b) leukocytosis; +c) myeloid leukemia; d) arterial hyperemia; e) inflammation. 36. Blindness after burn of eyes or a result of trauma is an example of +a) pathological state; b) pathological process; c) pathological reaction; d) nosologic form (disease); e) symptom of the disease. 37. Specify examples of pathological states: a) hypoglycemia due to the introduction of large doses of insulin; +b) scar tissue changes; +c) atrophy of the alveolar processes of the jaw due to the removal of teeth; d) spasm of arterioles of the heart in thrombosis of the pulmonary artery; +e) acquired valvular defect. 38. Short-term lowering of blood pressure under the influence of negative emotions - is +a) pathological reaction; b) the disease; c) pathological state; d) the pathological process; e) disease syndrome. 39. Inflammation - is +a) typical pathological process; b) pathological reaction; c) pathological state; d) disease; e) symptom of the disease. 40. Stump after amputation, joint immobility, blindness are examples of a) typical pathological process; b) pathological reaction; +c) pathological state; d) the disease; e) complications of the disease.