0A
A Power System Dynamic Simulation
Program Using MATLAB/ Simulink
Linash P. Kunjumuhammed
Post doctoral fellow, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Abstract: The paper illustrates a procedure to develop a dynamic simulation program for a single machine infinite bus
(SMIB) test system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The program is useful to demonstrate various operational and
stability challenges in power system operations. The method can be extended to make a program to simulate network
having multiple synchronous machines, asynchronous machines, FACTS devices, dynamic load etc.
Keywords: Power system dynamics, modelling, Synchronous machines, MATLAB, Simulink
0B
Security Issues in Cloud Computing
Binto George
School of Computer Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, United States
Abstract: Cloud computing allows on-demand provisioning of computing services. Despite the many advantages, the
cloud computing environment faces many security challenges. This paper reviews major security issues arising in the
cloud computing environment owing to computation outsourcing, multi-tenancy and broad network access. Notable
research in the area is summarized. A set of recommendations for secure deployment on the cloud is also included.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Security, Cloud Security, Data Security
1
Mathematical Transforms Clubbed With Artificial
Intelligence for Power Quality Disturbance
Classification
Neenu Raphael, Ancy Sara Varghese
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: Efficient transmission of electric power is of atmost importance in the current scenario. Power Quality is an
important concern for utility as well as consumers. Faults occurring in a transmission line is another fact of concern for
power engineers, and it turns out to be a major problem once unrecognized. These faults also can lead to major quality
issues in a system.This paper presents an efficient and easily adaptable method for power quality disturbance
identification. Strong and efficient features are identified, which can efficiently discriminate between various
disturbances. Wavelet and Fourier transforms are combinedly used for evaluating these features. These features are
used for training an Artificial Neural network which is finally tested for checking the efficiency and authenticity of the
method.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Backpropogation Algorithm, Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform .
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2
Enhancement of Power System Stability by
Optimal Adaptive Under Frequency Load
Shedding Using Artificial Neural Networks
Emmy Kuriakose, Filmy Francis
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: Power system frequency is a continuously changing variable which is a function of system generation and
supply. Different short circuits, load growth, generation shortages and other faults disturb the voltage and frequency
stabilities. This instability causes dispersal of a power system into sub-systems and leads to blackout as well as heavy
damages of the system equipment. To control this frequency drop and to maintain system frequency, appropriate
amount of load must be intentionally and automatically curtailed. In the modern power systems operating at lower
stability margins, conventional non-adaptive schemes cannot offer adequate protection for securing the power system.
In this paper, a fast and optimal adaptive load shedding method is presented using artificial neural networks (ANN).
Adaptive schemes take into account the actual system state and topology, nature and magnitude of the disturbance. This
method is able to determine the necessary load shedding in all steps simultaneously and is much faster than
conventional methods. This has been tested in IEEE 39 bus system and the simulations are done in MATLAB platform.
Apart from the proposed ANN method, an advanced methodology called Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System
(ANFIS) has been used to predict the optimal amount of load shedding amount for any range of input values and to
derive a better output.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Under frequency Load Shedding, Blackout, Power System Stability, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy
Inference System.
3
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based
Loss Minimization
Prasanthi P. S ,Hazeena K .A
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
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Abstract: This paper describes optimal power flow based on swarm intelligence in which the power transmission
loss function is used as the problem objective . Although most optimal power flow problems involve the total
production cost of the entire power system, in some cases some different objective may be chosen. In this paper ,to
minimize the overall power transmission losses ,four decision variables are participated . They are a)power generated
from generating plants b) specified voltage magnitude at control substations c)tap positions of tap changing
transformers d)reactive power injection from reactive power compensators . Swarm intelligence are well known and
widely accepted as potential intelligent search methods for solving such a problem .In this paper particle swarm
optimization[PSO] and improved particle swarm optimization [IPSO] are employed to solve optimal power flow
problems .A 30-bus IEEE power systems are used for test .As a result , IPSO –based optimal power flow gives the best
solution.
Keywords: Optimal Power Flow, Loss Minimization ,Particle Swarm Optimization , Improved Particle Swarm
Optimization
4
Comparison between STATCOM and TCSC
on Static Voltage Stability Using MLP Index
Aswin R, Jo Joy
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: Traditionally shunt and series compensation is used to maximize the transfer capability of a transmission
line. By using FACTS controllers one can control the variables such as voltage magnitude and phase angle at chosen
bus and line impedance. There are five well known FACTS devices utilized by the utilities for this purpose. These
FACTS devices are Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Unified Power Flow
Controller (UPFC). The voltage collapse occurs when a system is loaded beyond its maximum loadability point. Many
analysis methods have been proposed and currently used for the study of this problem. Most of these techniques are
based on the identification of system equilibrium where the corresponding jacobians become singular. These
equilibrium points are typically referred to as points of voltage collapse and can be mathematically associated to
saddle-node bifurcation. The voltage collapse points are also known as maximum loadability points.
Keywords: FACTS Devices; loadability; MLP; Voltage Stability
5
CONTROL OF HARMONICS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
OF A GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
Rangy Sunny, Robins Anto
M.Tech Student, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Abstract: World energy consumption is increasing substantially .Growing scarcity and rising prices of fossil fuels may
lead to economic instability. Continuously increasing energy consumption will overloads the distribution grids as well
as the power stations, therefore having a negative impact on power availability, security and quality. One of the
solutions for overcoming this is use of renewable energy resources. The energy generation from PV based DG is highly
intermittent in nature and shows wide variation because of continuous fluctuations in solar radiation intensity,
temperature and unpredictable weather conditions (e.g. clouds, snow, wind, etc.). This poses a major challenge for the
designers of grid connected PV systems for DG applications. One of the major problems is the increase in the Total
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Harmonic Distortion (THD) of current injected into the grid. In this thesis basic theory of grid connected photovoltaic
system and proposes a new scheme for Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) improvement in grid connected Photovoltaic
(PV) systems. A fuzzy logic control can be used to improve the THD in grid connected PV systems. A comparison of
PI, hysteresis control and fuzzy logic control gives the feasibility of the method. Thus the proposed scheme ensures that
the THD in the injected grid current remains within the limits specified by IEEE-519, IEEE-1547. Simulation results
are given to show the overall system performance. Evaluation and analysis of the 100 kW grid-connected PV system in
AJCE were done depending on the change of the weather condition. The system performance was also quantified using
several quantities which describe both PV array performance and the overall system performance.
Keywords: Photovoltaic, harmonic distortion, variable hysteresis band width control, final yield, performance ratio.
6
Impact of Power Quality Issues and their
Improvement in a Cogeneration Plant
Keerthi Jayaraj
PG Student, M.Tech [Power Sytems], Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, Saintgits College of Engineering,
Kottayam, Kerala, India
Abstract: The power quality, mainly voltage sag performance and power factor of a distribution system have been
evaluated. The analysis of voltage sag uses the Monte-Carlo procedure implemented in the Electrical Transient
Analysis Program (ETAP) to construct the sag density table and to estimate the probable number of critical voltage
sags per annum at a given node. These calculations have taken into account the entire system comprising the
transmission, sub transmission and distribution subsystems. Also, the various improvement methods for sag
performance have been suggested. To improve power factor, a scheme for automation of power factor correction using
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based on actual installations has been developed. For automation, Boolean logic
circuit has been developed and ladder diagram has been drawn. From the ladder diagram, program for the PLC has
been written.
Keywords: Power factor correction, voltage sag, power quality, PLC
7
REFINEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM
STABILIZER
Dhivya Grace Varghese, Hassena K A
PG Scholar [Power System], Saintgits College Of Engineering, Kottayam, India
Assistant Professor, Saintgits College Of Engineering, Kottayam, India
Abstract: A fractional-order power system stabilizer (FoPSS) is introduced to control the frequency and the terminal
voltage deviation in a power system connected to an infinite bus. FoPSS yields satisfactory results when there is drastic
load change in long transmission lines. MATLAB/Simulink simulation is used to show the improvement of system’s
performance when FoPSS is used. FoPSS is more superior to the classical integer-order power system stabilizers
(IoPSS)
Keywords—
FoPSS
IoPSS
PSS
q-axis
Fractional order Power System Stabilizer
Integer order Power System Stabilizer
Power System Stabilizer
Quadrature Axis
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d-axis
FOC
AVR
Direct Axis
Fractional Order Controller
Automatic Voltage Regulator
8
Load Modeling of Broadband Power Line
Communication (BPLC) Network
Mini S. Thomas,Vinay Kumar Chandna, Seema Arora
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, JSS College of Engineering, Noida, India
Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Abstract: Power line communication technology uses power lines for its data communication. This technology takes
profits from the advantage of not requiring any additional wiring and thus offers an inexpensive medium for data
transmission. For data communication, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of the Powerline channel which
has been considered as a medium not only for low-rate, control purpose communication, but also for high-speed data
communication. However, the power line channel is extremely difficult to model as it is a very noisy transmission
medium. For creating a complete PLC communication system, there is necessity to create model of channels. The
simulations and analysis carried out in this work will help in characterization of broadband power line communication
(BPLC) network. The paper also provides insight into the laboratory facilities for research in performance analysis of
BPLC network at Jamia Millia Islamia.
Keywords: Channel modeling, broadband power line communication communications, Multipath, BER.
9
IEC 61850 Source Code Implementation
for Accessing IED Data
Mini S. Thomas, Ikbal Ali, Nitin Gupta
Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Abstract: Substations are opting IEC 61850 (International Electrotechnical Commission) interoperable protocol as the
protocol helps in resolving most of the challenges related to IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) integration for
providing an interoperable communication at bay level. However, it is still challenging for client applications to acquire
data from IEC 61850 compliant IEDs and do further processing. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how an IEC
61850 source code application running at station level can be configured to acquire data from the IEDs installed at bay
level. The paper also describes the role of Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) in establishing a
communication between the client and the server (IED).
Keywords: IEC 61850, IED, Interoperability, MMS, Substation Automation
10
Improved Transformer Fault Classification
Using ANN and Differential Method
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150
Geeva Varghese, Amey George
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Professor, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: During differential protection in transformers if false tripping occurs without existence of any fault then
continuity of supply is affected. So false tripping conditions has to be avoided. This requires accurate fault
classification. This paper presents improved fault classification for differential protection in transformers. This fault
classification is done by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).Here we use Back Propagation Neural Network
(BPNN) and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN).The Neural Network is trained for classifying fault for differential
protection in transformers. Different fault conditions are taken. The output of neural network will be a tripping signal in
case of fault condition. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB neural network tool and simulink package
Keywords: Fault classification, differential protection, Back propagation neural network, radial basis neural network.
11
Power Quality Disturbance Characterization
Veena V, Asha Anu Kurian
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: This effort focus at identifying statistically significant time/frequency domain features with adequate
separability and extensive interclass variability to discriminate probable Power Quality (PQ) disturbances such as sag,
swell, harmonics, outage, transients etc. Understanding of disturbances is vital to investigate the origin and causes of
PQ perturbances, events of equipment failure and for further classification as well as to employ mitigation measures. A
database of PQ disturbances, simulated from their parametric equations, comprising normal signal, swell, sag,
harmonics, outage and oscillatory transients was generated. Shannon entropy, global variance, maximum gradient,
High/Low power spectral density ratio, skewness and kurtosis were extracted from these simulated disturbed power
signals. Optimum decision boundary was set and decision rules were framed, by examining the seperability and
intra/inter class variability and range of the aforementioned statistical attributes in 3D feature space, prior to
synthesizing decision tree for classification. Shannon entropy, global variance, maximum gradient, High/Low power
spectral density ratio, skewness and kurtosis exhibited amiable separability and inter/intra class variability, adequate
enough to facilitate a simple and computationally feasible rule based characterization of PQ disturbances.
Keywords: Power quality (PQ), Shannon entropy, variance, maximum gradient, high/low power spectral density ratio,
skewness, kurtosis.
12
Distributed Resource Planning for
improved Voltage Stability of Radial
Distribution System
Ikbal Ali, Mini S. Thomas, Pawan Kumar
Department of Electrical Engineering, FET, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Abstract: In modern power systems, deregulation and restructuring have created increased interest in distributed
resource planning, as they are expected to play an important role in improving the operational efficiency. The
distribution systems are constantly being faced with an ever growing power demands and usually operates on the verge
of its loadability limit. To operate the distribution system under such critical conditions the integration of distributed
resource improves the reliability of supplying power by improving voltage stability and reducing the power losses.
Therefore, in order to strengthening the power quality and reliability the power utilities need to ensure the optimum
size and location of distributed resources. This paper considered the effect of distributed resource placement on voltage
stability and the results are demonstrated on an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system.
Keywords: Distribution system, distributed resource planning, loadability limit, power loss, voltage stability.
13
Neural Network Based Temperature
Prediction
Ancy M Alias, Prof.Amey George, Anish Francis
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Professor, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: Hydroelectric power contributes around 20% to the world electricity supply and is considered as the most
important, clean, emission free and an economical renewable energy source. India is endowed with economically
exploitable and viable hydro potential assessed to be about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor. Hydro electric power plants
operating all over the world has been built in the 20th century and are running at a higher plant-factor. This is achieved
by minimizing the failures in plant and operating the plant continuously for a longer period at a higher load. However,
continuous operation of old plants have constrained with the failures due to bearing overheating. The aim of this
research is to model and simulate the dynamic variation of temperatures of bearing of a hydro electric generating unit.
Bearing heat exchanger system is a MIMO system with complex nonlinear characteristics, so it is
difficult to model it using conventional modelling methods. Hence, in this research neural network (NN) technique has
been used. Same approach is used to predict temperature rise in generator transformer in the plant. Temperature rise in
transformers depend upon variety of parameters like ambient temperature, output current, type of core etc. Considering
these parameters temperature rise estimation is a complicated procedure. This method avoids complication required for
accurate estimation.
Keywords: Neural Network(NN), Winding temperature,Top oil Temperature, Bearing temperature, Hydro electricity,
LM algorithm
14th paper is not available
15
Sensorless Control of BLDC Motor Drive
Fed by Isolated DC-DC Converter
Sonia Sunny, Rajesh K
PG Student, Department of EEE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
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Asst. Prof, Department of EEE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: This paper proposes an improved topology of an isolated DC-DC converter fed sensorless BLDC drive. The
main aim is to control the input voltage of the inverter by changing the duty ratio of switches in the converter for
controlling the speed of the motor. In this paper, a comparison study with controlled voltage source fed sensorless
BLDC drive is also done and its disadvantages presented .The proposed method finds maximum application in battery
powered electric vehicles, aircrafts etc. The isolated DC-DC converter results in less size and weight and also provides
isolation by means of High Frequency Transformer (HFT). The BLDC drive employs Direct Back-EMF Detection
technique for the sensorless control of the motor. The power circuit simulation for the isolated DC-DC converter fed
drive, being high frequency, is done in PSIM and the control circuit simulations are done in MATLAB. Later, both
MATLAB and PSIM are coupled by SimCoupler to obtain the speed and torque waveforms.
Keywords: BLDC, sensorless, back-emf detection, isolated DC-DC converter, HFT
16
A Novel Approach to Reduce Area and Power
for FFT Implementation
Anumol B. Chennattucherry, Diego James
M.Tech Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai,
India
Asst. Prof, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, India
Abstract: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a critical block widely used in digital signal processing algorithm. With
the advent of semiconductor processing technology in VLSI system, different approaches had been tried in order to
optimize the algorithm for a wide variety of parameters such as area, power and speed. In this paper, we propose to
design a FFT block which is capable of computing N point FFT based on Radix-2 Decimation-In-Time (DIT)
architecture with carry select adder (CSLA) and a gate level modification to CSLA. Here our goal is to implement
Radix-2 N-point FFT in hardware using hardware language (VHDL). Simulation of design units is done in ModelSimAltera Starter Edition and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 8.1. The overall area and power are reduced
Keywords: FFT; Carry Select Adder; Radix-2;VHDL
17
Development of Low Power ARM7 Processor
Based Adaptive Vibration Controller
Anitha Vasan M V, SivaSubba Rao Patange, S.Raja, Srinivas K.S
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Jain University,
Bangalore, India
CSIR NATIONAL AEROSPACE LABORATORIES, Bangalore, India
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present an adaptive
algorithm approach to control the vibrations of an
aircraft structure and also use low power based system by real time implementation of the adaptive algorithm using
ARM7 LPC2148 Processor. The adaptive algorithm used is Least Mean Square (LMS) the method used is steepest
descent. LMS algorithm is an effective algorithm to reduce the vibrations and it does not require complex computations
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hence complexity of the system is reduced. The KEIL micro vision4 software is used. The programming language used
is embedded C. The power consumption comparison of the ARM7 processor with other DSP processors is done.
Keywords: ARM processor, vibration control, LMS, Adaptive control
18
Direct Torque Controlled Brushless DC
Motor Drive with Rotor Position
Estimation using LabVIEW
Sajana Kunjumon, Johnson Mathew
M Tech Scholar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Associate Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Abstract: In this paper, Direct Torque Control (DTC) of brushless dc motor drive is presented. This control algorithm is
implemented in the constant torque region of BLDC motor drive. Unlike conventional three phase DTC drives, the
proposed DTC approach introduces two phase conduction mode. In the proposed DTC, the quasi-square wave current
is obtained by properly selecting the inverter voltage space vectors of the two phase conduction mode from a simple
look-up table. This will improve the torque response compared to other control strategies. The rotor position is
estimated from the back emf constants as opposed to the hall sensor output. A theoretical concept is developed and the
validity of the proposed DTC of BLDC motor drive scheme with rotor position estimation are verified through the
simulation results using LabVIEW.
Keywords: Direct Torque Control(DTC),Brushless dc (BLDC) motor drive, Rotor Position Estimation, LabVIEW
19
Watermarking Technique for Self
Authentication and Recovery
Augustus P P, David Solomon George
M.Tech Student, Department of ECE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Asst. Prof, Department of ECE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: In this paper, an algorithm for invisible watermarking of digital images has been proposed. This scheme
provides self authentication and recovery of watermarked image. The tampered regions in an image, if any, are detected
and the recovery of those altered regions are facilitated by the proposed scheme. Image authentication is performed in
4×4 sub-block level. Self recovery is accomplished through descriptors, which enable in reconstructing the altered
regions with acceptable quality. The descriptor details corresponding to each region are spatially separated from region
of impact. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) are employed for the
transformations within the image for block based retrieval. The proposed algorithm is experimentally verified and the
results are presented.
Keywords: Authentication, descriptor, digest, watermarking
20
Natural Language Querying for
Content Based Image Retrieval System
Sreena P. H., David Solomon George
M.Tech Student, Department of ECE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Asst. Prof, Department of ECE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: Content based image retrieval (CBIR) system is a database management system for retrieval of images based
on the similarity of image content with the query image. The issue of semantic gap causes retrieval of irrelevant images
from database. In the proposed CBIR system, fuzzy clustering of the Tamura texture features extracted from the
database is used to overcome this problem. Natural language querying is implemented by use of fuzzy data space. The
fuzzy membership values derived using fuzzy c-means clustering is used as similarity measure. The proposed technique
is implemented in Matlab and its effectiveness is verified using the standard Brodatz texture database.
Keywords: Content Based Image Retrieval System, Fuzzy c-means clustering, Natural language query, Semantic retrieval
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21
Open Phase Fault Tolerant Control of BLDC
Motors
Neethu S, Sreelekha V
M.Tech Student, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Asst. Prof, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: This paper proposes a simple technique for open phase fault detection, and identification of BLDC motor.
Also it explains a fault tolerant strategy which can be used to continue the normal operation of a BLDC motor in spite
of the fault. As BLDC motors are used in critical control areas like military services, space vehicles a fault tolerant
drive is essential to maintain the operation. In this paper the detection and identification of open phase fault is done
using simple logical technique. This technique can be easily incorporated in an already existing normal closed loop
speed control drive.
Keywords:BLDC motor drive, hysteresis controller, fault detection, fault tolerance.
22
Analysis of an Economical BLDC Drive
System
Maria Shaju, Ginnes.K.John.
M.Tech Student, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rajagiri School of Engineering and
Technology, Kochi, India
Asst. Prof, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,
Kochi, India
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to describe about a low cost Brushless DC (BLDC) drive system without
performance degradation. The cost of conventional drive systems are very high as BLDC motor is electronically
commutated using 6 switch inverter and uses Hall sensors to detect rotor position. The low cost drive system is
achieved by reducing number of switches in the inverter, use of single current sensor for current controlling and
replacing hall sensors with position sensor-less control. The BLDC motor fed with Four Switch Three Phase (FSTP)
inverter has 6 working modes. The proposed position sensorless scheme depends on back EMF zero crossing.
Hysteresis current controller using single current sensor is used for current control and Proportional Integral (PI)
controller is used for speed control. The performance of the drive system was verified using simulation results.
Keywords: BLDC motor, Four Switch Three Phase Inverter, Sensor-less control, Low Cost.
23
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192
Measurement Technique to Evaluate Model-Based
Tools for Safety Critical Embedded Systems
Manju Nanda,
Chinmayi S Jamadagni, J. Jayanthi
Aerospace Electronics Division, CSIR-NAL, Bangalore, India
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193
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Abstract: Model-based systems engineering is a state of art engineering process being adopted by industry all over
the world to develop a safe, reliable, maintainable and available system. Industry standards like IEC 61508, EN50128
and RTCA DO-178C recognize the capabilities of the model-based approach for an effective engineering process
performance. There are number of model-based tools available in the market and the selection of an appropriate tool is
very critical for the success of the project. Hence there should be benchmark to select the appropriate tool for the
project.
This paper provides a measurement technique for evaluating model-based tools based on the tool features like its
applicability, portability, scalability, and compatibility, conformance to standards, versioning and reporting to name a
few. The effectiveness of the techniques proposed is evaluated for a proven system as a case study. The outcome
provides the metrics for the selection of appropriate tool for an application and probable combination of tools that can
be used in various phases of the life cycle. The proposed technique helps in selection of the most appropriate tool for a
particular application based on the project schedule, budget and safety requirements resulting into an effective process.
Keywords: Model Based Systems Engineering, Metrics, Safety critical embedded systems; Model based tools,
Evaluation criteria
24
A Framework for the Software Aspects of the
Safety Certification for Indigenously Developed
Aircraft Systems
Manju Nanda , J Jayanthi, Shamsundar Dhage,
Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India
STO, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India
Abstract: Safety critical systems need certification from the authorized agency before deploying
the system in field. Certification is the final clearance to the system for complying with the project
requirements pertaining to functionality, performance and safety. The entire lifecycle process for
the application follows a well defined approach to certify the system. This certification approach
varies from one industry standard to other. Certification is an activity which is based on evidences
to validate the system functionality, performance and safety.
In this paper we discuss a certification approach which can be developed into a framework for
safety critical aerospace applications. The approach has been proposed based on the groups
experience in certifying three safety critical systems i.e. Stall warning/Aircraft interface computer
system, Automatic flight control system and Engine indication and crew altering systems. The
framework can be used as a reference for the clearance of the safety critical software for civil
aircraft systems in the country.
Keywords: Safety critical systems, certification, engineering process, certification framework
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329
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
25
An Efficient Contrast Enhancement Based On
Image Equalization with Improved Threshold
Median Filter
Nia Achu Issac, Anjaly Viswan
M.Tech Student [VLSI & Embedded Systems], Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Kadayiruppu,
Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof, Department of Electronics and Communication, Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering,
Kadayiruppu, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Abstract: In this paper, a highly efficient contrast enhancement algorithm using Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) is
proposed for modeling the image gray level distribution. It gives better results compared to the existing algorithms
.There are numerous enhancement techniques for contrast enhancement of which histogram equalization is mainly
preferred due to its simplicity and effectiveness. The main limitations of this technique includes over enhancement and
raised noise level. Hence this paper incorporates an enhancement criterion based on image equalization with improved
threshold median filter which aims at enhancing the contrast along with suppression of impulse noise and
preservation of edges .The proposed algorithm is adaptive and is free of parameter setting for a given dynamic range of
the enhanced image. It contributes effective enhancement and is applicable to both gray scale and color images.
Keywords - Contrast Enhancement, Histogram Equalization (HE), Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM), Histogram
Partitioning, parameter estimation, Improved Threshold Median Filter (ITMF).
26
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An Efficient Approach for Change Detection in
SAR Images Based on Contourlet Fusion
MerinAyshu Ali, DR. B. M. Imran
M Tech Student, Department of Applied Electronics, Illahia college of Engineering and Technology, Mulavoor, Kerala,
India
Professor, Department of P.G, Applied Electronics, Illahia college of Engineering and Technology, Mulavoor, Kerala,
India
Abstract: This paper presents a change detection approach for sarimags based on contourlet image fusion and fuzzy
clustering .In this novel method difference image is generated from log ratio and mean ratio images by image fusion
technique. For an optimal difference image, it should restrain the unchanged area information and enhance the changed
areas information. The quality of difference image depends on image fusion technique. In the present work, we have
proposed a new edge preserving image fusion method based on contourlet transform. Contourlet transform represent
salient features of images such as edges, curves and contours in better way. To process the difference image is to
discriminate changed regions from unchanged regions using fuzzy clustering algorithms. We have verified the
goodness of the proposed fusion algorithm by well-known image fusion measures, entropy and also calculate the
percentage correct classification. On the basis of experimental results it was found that performance of proposed fusion
method is better than wavelet transform.
Keywords: Contourlet, image fusion, fuzzy clustering, synthetic aperture radar images, change detection.
27
Real Time Hand Tracking System
Aisha Meethian, Dr. B.M.Imran
M Tech Student, Department of Applied Electronics, Illahia college of Engineering and Technology, Mulavoor, Kerala,
India
Professor, Department of P.G, Applied Electronics, Illahia college of Engineering and Technology, Mulavoor, Kerala,
India
Abstract: This paper investigates a real time gesture recognition system. Hand tracking is first step for gesture
recognition and hand tacking system is based on video acquisition, skin colour segmentation, foreground detection and
background elimination. The proposed Gesture Recognition Hand Tracking (GR-HT) system take less training time
compared to existing system. Moreover, other feature of GR-HT system is less memory requirement. Disadvantage of
GR-HT system is it is affected by environmental condition, to reduce the effects, we use Gaussian Mixture Model
(GMM) for background elimination and foreground detection. The experimental result shows that the proposed GR-HT
system achieves the results up to 98% in recognition and our work is a novel method for real time gesture recognition
applications.
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Keywords: Neural network, GMM, Centroid, Euclidean distance, Gesture.
28
Automatic Classification of ECG Signals
with Features Extracted Using Wavelet
Transform and Support Vector Machines
Sambhu D., Umesh A. C.
M.Tech Student, Department of ECE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Asst. Prof, Department of ECE, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most widely used techniques for diagnosing cardio vascular diseases.
Automatic beat segmentation and classification of ECG signal is paramount since scrutinizing each and every beat is a
tedious job for even the most experienced cardiologist. In this paper, we have accurately classified and differentiated
Normal and abnormal heartbeats such as left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), atrial
premature contractions (APC) and premature ventricular contractions (PVC), atrial premature beat (APB), Paced beats
and Fusion beats with adequate levels of accuracy. At first the multi resolution analysis of ecg signal is done to
denoised and extract 25 features. The mother wavelet used for decomposition was db4. The classification is
implemented by using OAO (One Against One) SVM (Support Vector Machine). 7 SVM’s were trained and final
grouping is done by maximum voting. ECG signals are obtained from the open source MIT-BIH cardiac arrythmia
database. Experiments reveal that the overall classification accuracy is well above 97 % for all the classes.
Keywords: ECG, Arrythmia classification, discrete wavelet transform, support vector machines.
29
Control of Fuel Cell Based Distribution
Generation System
Ananthu Vijayakumar, Vidya M Nair
M.Tech Student, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Abstract: In the distribution generation system the use of power electronics technology together
with renewable energy sources plays an important role for satisfying the increasing demand of
electric power all over the world. Among the various distribution generation technologies, fuel cell
based distribution system appears to be a promising technology. In this paper, a Solid Oxide Fuel
Cell for distribution generation application is introduced. The mathematical modeling of the fuel
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cell is studied and simulation study of the interfacing power electronics converters is done in this
paper. The physical model of fuel cell stack and power conditioning units are described in this
paper. The control design methodology for each component of the proposed system is also
described. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation model is developed for the SOFC DG system by
combining the individual component models and the controllers designed for the power
conditioning units. Simulation results are given to show the overall system performance including
the real and reactive power compensation capability of the distribution system.
Keywords: Distribution Generation, Fuel cell, Power electronics converters, Power conditioning units.
30
Multi Sensor Image Fusion using Empirical
Mode Decomposition
Sakthipriya V.S, VPS Naidu
Dept. Of Instrumentation Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
MSDF Lab, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India
Abstract: Image fusion is a process of combining relevant information from two or more images from different sensors
based on certain algorithm. Many algorithms have been proposed for pixel level image fusion. In this paper, Empirical
Mode Decomposition is the recent, powerful tool for adaptive multi scale analysis of non stationary signals that
decomposes them into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Hence an attempt is made to use EMD for multi sensor image
fusion. Two types of Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithms viz. BEMD (Bi dimensional Empirical Mode
Decomposition) and VEMD (Vectorized Empirical Mode Decomposition) are used to decompose the images to get
Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). It is concluded that both algorithms are performed similar but VEMD is
computationally very simple. Fusion algorithms viz., Simple Averaging (SA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA),
Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) and Laplacian Pyramid (LP) are applied on each IMFs to generate the fused
IMFs. Fused image is reconstructed by summing all the fused IMFs. Objective and subjective fusion quality evaluation
metrics are used to evaluate the performance of these fusion algorithms. It is concluded that SWT based image fusion
algorithm performs better followed by LP based fusion algorithm. It is also concluded that fusion quality is degraded by
using more number of decomposition levels in wavelets and pyramid based image fusion algorithms. From this study, it
is concluded that both BEMD and VEMD with SWT based image fusion algorithm provides good fusion results.
VEMD with SWT based image fusion algorithm is computationally simple and can be used for real time image fusion
applications.
Keywords: Image Fusion, Empirical mode decomposition, Performance Metrics.
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
31
Pixel Level Image Fusion using Fuzzylet
Fusion Algorithm
Swathy Nair, Bindu Elias, VPS Naidu
M.Tech Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam,
Kerala, India
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala,
India
Scientist, MSDF Lab, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India
Abstract: Image fusion algorithms based on SWT (Stationary Wavelet Transform) and fuzzy logic were developed and
demonstrated. It was observed that fusion using SWT with higher levels of decomposition provides better fusion
results. Similarly, Fuzzy image fusion with more number of membership functions provides better results. SWT based
image fusion algorithm produces better quality of fused images at the cost of execution time compared to the fuzzy
logic based image fusion algorithm. A novel image fusion algorithm (Fuzzylet) had been developed by combining the
features of SWT and fuzzy logic. Fuzzylet based image fusion algorithm outperformed compared to SWT and fuzzy
based image fusion algorithms at the cost of execution time.
Keywords: Image Fusion, Fuzzy Logic, Stationary Wavelet Transform, Fuzzylet Algorithm, Performance Metrics.
32
Experimental Study on Dimension Effect of
PVDF Film on Energy Harvesting
Sophia Markose, SivaSubba Rao Patange, Raja S, Anjana Jain, Bindu Elias
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam,
Kerala, India.
CSIR NATIONAL AEROSPACE LABORATORIES, Bangalore, India
Abstract: Recent research focus is on converting vibration to useful energy. The vibration energy from automobiles,
electrical motors, and aircraft structures can be used for low power applications by energy harvesting. Piezoelectric
energy harvesting is the most efficient method for this purpose. In this paper experiments are carried out using
Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) film which is a piezoelectric material for comparative study. Three different
dimensional PVDF film with same input conditions are experimented and their output voltage generated are compared.
Keywords: Piezoelectricity, PZT, PVDF, actuator
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
33
Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Topology with an
Independent Control for Photovoltaic System
Athira Raju, S. Arun
P G Scholar, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam,India
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam,India
ABSTRACT: The paper describes a high efficiency photovoltaic system using a hybrid multilevel inverter circuit with
multi-string boost converter topology. The proposed inverter circuit is built by connecting a line-frequency three-phase
bridge inverter in series with three high-frequency single-phase H-bridge inverters. The multi-string topology with
separate MPPT control achieves maximum power available from the PV which maximizes the efficiency. This inverter
circuit can achieve high efficiency and low harmonics and it can reduce the voltage stress on the power switches. Since
the circuit is modularized and having independent voltage control, it can be controlled easily. This paper includes the
study of photovoltaic system with independent MPPT control, inverter topology, principle of operation, switching
states and its control circuit design. Simulation of a three phase proposed inverter with multistring boost converter
photo-voltaic system is carried out using MATLAB-Simulink software and the result shows the viability of the
proposed topology.
Keywords: Multilevel Inverter, Photo Voltaic (PV) Cell, Multi-String Topology, Cascaded multilevel inverter
34
Modified Multilevel Inverter Topology for
Driving a Single Phase Induction Motor
Divya Subramanian, Rebiya Rasheed
M.Tech Student, Federal Institute of Science And Technology, Ernakulam , Kerala, India
Asst. Prof, Federal Institute of Science And Technology, Ernakulam , Kerala, India
Abstract: The multilevel inverter utilization has been increased since the last decade. These new type of inverters are
suitable in various high voltage & high power application due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better
harmonic spectrum and faithful output.. This paper presents a multilevel inverter configuration which is designed by
insertion of a bidirectional switch between capacitive voltage sources and a conventional H-bridge module. The
modified inverter can produce a better sinusoidal waveform by increasing the number of output voltage levels. By
serial connection of two modified H-bridge modules, it is possible to produce 9 output voltage levels including zero.
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Multicarrier phase-shifted pulse-width modulation method is used to generate control signals. The analysis of the
output voltage harmonics is carried out. From the results, the proposed inverter provides higher output quality with
relatively lower power loss as compared to the other conventional inverters with the same output quality. Also the
hardware implementation was made with induction motor load.
Keywords: Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHB), phase shifted modulation, multicarrier pulse-width
modulation, total harmonic distortion (THD).
35
Mitigation of Voltage Sag, Swell and
Harmonics by Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Using Matrix Converter
Resmi.S, Reshmi.V, Joffie Jacob
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Abstract: In the past decades, the Power Quality (PQ) has become a critical issue in highly automated industries and
sensitive load centers. The voltage quality is the most important part of the PQ for customers. The voltage disturbances
in the form of voltage sag, swell and harmonics can cause huge financial losses. In the past few years, the power
electronic solutions have been proposed to avoid these problems. The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is one of the
solutions. This paper proposes a topology for three phase DVR which is able to compensate multiple voltage with a
simple topology. The proposed DVR is based on the three-phase direct AC/AC converter which is energized from the
main grid. As a result, there is no need for energy storage elements and dc link capacitors. The proposed topology can
deal with high voltage with low voltage rating switches. Therefore, the switches can be IGBTs without needing an
auxiliary force commutation circuit as in thyristors which are high voltage switches. The simulation results in
PSCAD/EMTDC environment shows that this topology operates correctly and the voltage of sensitive load is
completely controlled.
Keywords: DVR, Voltage sag, Voltage swell, Harmonics and Matrix converter
36
Modeling of Fuel Cell Based Power System for
Grid Interface Using Different Controllers
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Blessy A Rahiman , Aparna Thampi
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
ABSTRACT: In the near future, some fuel cell systems could be an accessible and attractive alternative to
conventional electricity generation. Renewable energy systems have developed wide interest to supply electricity in
remote areas as well as for distributed power generation particularly during peak loads. Fuel-cell-based power
generation is also gaining popularity in residential applications as well as distributed power generation due to its
cleanliness, portability, and suitability for electricity and heat generation. Development of a suitable power electronic
interface to make the technology viable is still a challenge. This paper presents modeling, simulation, and experimental
study of a fuel cell (FC) power plant (FCPP) suitable for stand-alone application as well as for micro grid/ grid
interface using different controllers like PI Controller, PID Controller and Fuzzy Logic Controllers. A single-stage
pulse width modulation inverter is selected as power electronic interface between FC and grid. A mathematical model
is developed in per unit system to define the power limits in terms of FC, converter, and power system parameters. The
simulation model is developed in MATLAB environment with control scheme implementation in qd reference frame
for investigation. A comparative assessment of the three different controllers is brought out.
Keywords: Distributed generation, fuel cell (FC), grid interface, power conditioning unit, power quality, pulse width
modulation (PWM) inverter, stand-alone system.
37
Comparison of Frequency Controllers for
Frequency Control of PV Generator in a Grid
Interconnected PV-Diesel System
Divya Raj , Daru Anna Thomas
M.Tech Student, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: Frequency is an important parameter which is to be controlled in a power system. In PV system power is
fluctuating in nature due to changing insolation condition . Hence frequency has to be controlled . Fluctuating PV
power causes frequency deviations in the power utilities when the penetration is large. Usually, an energy storage
system (ESS) is used to smooth the PV output power fluctuations and then the smoothed power is supplied to the utility
. Here, PI based frequency controller is implemented which is a fixed gain feedback controller. Then it is compared
with a fuzzy based frequency controller ; Where fuzzy control is used to generate the PV output power command. This
fuzzy control uses average insolation, change in insolation, and frequency deviation as the inputs. Fuzzy based
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
frequency controller is found to be effective in performing duties like frequency control . PI Controller cannot
compensate the parameter variations like insolation variations. They cannot adapt to changes in the environment. The
settling time and peak time of PI controller is found to be more than Fuzzy controller. Simulation results shows that
fuzzy based controller is more effective than conventional PI controller..Simulation platform used is MATLAB
simulink.
Keywords: Frequency control ; insolation ; frequency deviation ; PI controller ; fuzzy logic.
38
Optimal Placement of Solar PV in Distribution
System using Particle Swarm Optimization
Athira Jayavarma, Tibin Joseph
P.G Student, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala India
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala India
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Abstract: Solar PhotoVoltaics (SPV) are among the fastest growing energy resources in the world. Most of the SPV
had been installed in the distribution systems as distributed generation. Now, a day’s Distributed generations (DGs)
play an important role in distribution networks. Among many of their merits, loss reduction and voltage profile
improvement can be the salient specifications of DG. Studies show that non-optimal locations of DG units may lead to
losses increase, together with bad effect on voltage profile. So, this paper presents a new methodology using Particle
Swarm Optimization(PSO) for the placement of Solar PV in the radial distribution systems. The proposed algorithm
will identify the optimal location of Solar PV with minimum active power losses.. The developed algorithm has been
tested on modified IEEE 14-bus test. The result shows a considerable reduction in the total power loss in the system
and improved voltage profiles of the buses.
Keywords- Distributed Generators (DG); Fuel Cell ;Solar Photo Voltaics (SPV); Particle Swarm
Optimisation(PSO);
39
Fuzzy Controller Based Grid Connected Wind
PV Generating System
Aswani Rajan, Asha Anu Kurian
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Abstract: Demand for renewable energy sources is increasing due to shortage of power as well as
environmental concerns. In this paper, a wind - PV generating system connected to the grid . Since wind and PV
are complementary in nature, continuous power availability can be obtained. The main issue regarding grid
integration of distributed generation is power quality, harmonics etc. In the proposed system the fuzzy control
circuit will perform the function of harmonic elimination, so that the need for an APF(Active Power Filter) does not
arise. The system is modeled and analysed using MATLAB Simulink. The new system will result in high reliability,
low cost and better utilization of resources available.
Keywords: PV array, Single stage inverter, Switched inductornBuck Boost converter (SIBBC), Maximum Power poin
Tracking (MPPT), Incremental conductance algorithm.
40
Torque Ripple Reduction of Direct Torque
Controlled Induction Motor Drive by
using Space Vector Modulation
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Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Anjana Manuel, Jebin Francis
M. Tech Student, Dept. Of EEE, Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology, Kakkanad, Kerala, India
Assistant Professor, Dept. Of EEE, Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology, Kakkanad, Kerala, India
Abstract: This paper proposes design and simulation of a direct torque controlled induction motor drive system based
on space vector modulation technique for ripple reduction. Direct Torque Control is a control technique used in AC
drive systems to obtain high performance torque control. The principle is based on simultaneously decoupling the stator
flux and electromagnetic torque. DTC drives utilizing hysteresis comparators suffer from high torque ripple and
variable switching frequency. The proposed SVM based DTC reduces torque ripples and preserve DTC transient merits
such as fast torque response. The basis of the SVM-DTC methodology is the calculation of the required voltage space
vector to compensate the flux and torque errors and its generation using the SVM at each sample period. The
performance of this method is demonstrated by simulation using Matlab/ Simulink software. Simulation results
presented in this paper show the torque, flux linkage and stator current ripple decreases with the proposed SVM-DTC
algorithm. Experimental results are also provided to validate the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: Direct Torque Control, Space vector modulation, Induction Motor
41
Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected PV
SystemEmploying MPPT and PI Controller
Seena M Varghese
P. G. Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kottukulam
Hills, Pathamuttom P.O, Kottayam-686532, Kerala, India
Abstract:This paper presents a single phase five level inverter topology for grid connected PV system. A new pulse
width modulated (PWM) control scheme was introduced. In this scheme two reference signals identical to each other
and a triangular carrier wave was used to generate the switching signals. MPPT algorithm was implemented to catch
the maximum power point in the PV array. A proportional-integral control algorithm was also implemented for
obtaining high dynamic performance.
Keywords:grid connected, photovoltaic (PV), pulse width modulation (PWM), proportional-integral controller, (MPPT)
42
A New Approach to Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Implementation in Distribution Systems Using a
Multilevel Inverter System
Meera Annie Varghese, Ancy Sara Varghese
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
P. G. Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kottukulam
Hills, Pathamuttom P.O, Kottayam-686532, Kerala, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering,
Kottukulam Hills, Pathamuttom P.O, Kottayam-686532, Kerala, India.
Abstract: The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is one of the modern devices used in distribution systems to protect
Consumers against sudden changes in voltage amplitude. It is a custom power device used in power distribution
networks to protect consumers from sudden sags (and swells) in grid voltage. In this paper, the controller using the
P+Resonant controller and charge regulator is proposed in order to eliminate the steady-state error in DVR response
and to stabilize the system, respectively. The innovation here is that the DVR with the fifteen level inverter systems
protects the PCC voltage during a voltage sag condition without any real power injection into the DVR.Simulation
results show the capability of the DVR to control the emergency conditions of the distribution systems.
Keywords: Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), voltage sag, multilevel inverter, THD.
43
Efficiency Optimization with Improved
Transient Performance of Indirect Vector
Controlled Induction Motor Drive
Seena Thomas, Rinu Alice Koshy
M.Tech Student, Rajagiri College of Engineering and Technology, Kakkanad, India
Assistant Professor, Rajagiri College of Engineering and Technology, Kakkanad, India
Abstract: This paper introduces an energy efficient induction motor drive suitable to operate at light load conditions.
The iron losses in the induction motor are significant when the machine is operated below the rated conditions. The
efficiency of the motor can be increased by keeping the flux level below the rated value. In this paper, the efficiency of
the induction motor has been improved by incorporating an efficiency optimization algorithm. Efficiency optimization
algorithm provides an optimum value of flux generating direct axis stator current, which controls the magnitude of the
rotor flux. At light loads, the optimization algorithm weakens the rotor flux from its rated value, thus reducing the core
losses. A 5.4-hp induction motor drive is simulated in SIMULINK to analyze the efficiency under different operating
conditions of the drive. The variation of efficiency under load change and speed change is observed. Simulation results
show that efficiency increases as the operation of induction motor drive shifts from unrated to rated conditions. The
implemented algorithm is tested under different operating conditions of IM Drive including sudden change in load and
reference speed. This paper also considers the transient performance of the drive with efficiency optimization
algorithm.
Keywords: Vector control, Optimization, Indirect field oriented control, Simulink
44
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor
Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Shelby Mathew, Bobin.K.Mathew
P G Scholar, Dept.of Electrical & Electronics, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam, India
Assistant Professor, Dept.of Electrical & Electronics, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam, India
Abstract: This paper describes direct torque control (DTC) scheme of induction motor (IM) and its comparative study
using intelligent techniques under varying dynamic conditions are discussed. In conventional DTC PI controller is used
in the speed controller. PI controller is more suitable in steady state condition and for linear system. But since DTC
along with IM is mostly nonlinear, fuzzy controller will be more suitable. Fuzzy controller performs well in nonlinear
systems than PI controller. In this paper apart from fuzzy controller ANN will be proposed to provide better motor
dynamic performance and the look up table is now replaced by this ANN. The advantage of using ANN is that, in
classical DTC look up table is used to select switching states, thus size requirement will increase with some advanced
control. ANN will take less memory and is more reliable. In order to test performance of the DTC scheme for IM drive
using intelligent techniques, a complete simulation model is developed using MATLAB/simulink.
Keywords: Direct Torque Control, fuzzy logic controller, Induction Motor, Artificial Neural Network.
45
A Control Strategy for a Distributed Power
Generation Microgrid Application
Ashna Mohan, Dinto Mathew, Vidya M Nair
M.Tech Student, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India
Abstract: In this paper, a high performance inverter, including the functions of stand-alone and grid connected power
supplies, is developed so that distributed generation units can operate individually or in a microgrid mode. Off-grid
islanding describes the condition in which a microgrid or a portion of the power grid, which consists of a load and a
distributed generation (DG) system, is isolated from the remainder of the utility system. In this situation, it is important
for the microgrid to continue to provide adequate power to the load. Under normal operation, each DG inverter system
in the microgrid usually works in constant current control mode in order to provide a preset power to the main grid.
When the microgrid is cut off from the main grid, each DG inverter system must detect this islanding situation and
must switch to a voltage control mode. In this mode, the microgrid will provide a constant voltage to the local load.
This paper describes an Adaptive Total Sliding Mode Control (ATSMC) scheme for the DG inverter with full bridge
framework. Hence the proposed inverter with the ATSMC scheme has low Total Harmonic Distortion and high power
factor to provide an ac output with high power quality. The effectiveness of the proposed high performance inverter
with the ATSMC is verified using MATLAB / Simulink software environment.
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Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Keywords: Adaptive control, distributed generation (DG), grid connection, stand-alone power supply, total sliding mode control
(TSMC).
46
Electric Vehicle Integration to Distribution
Grid Ensuring Quality Power Exchange
Polly Thomas, Fossy Mary Chacko
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
Asst. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kerala, India
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Abstract: Now a days, Electric Vehicle (EV) integration to the distribution grid is gradually increasing and is hitting
with much power quality issues. This paper presents a smart compactible integration of EV with the distribution grid
assuring a quality power. Charging station is the place where an EV integrates with the grid. In this paper, works have
been done for a level 3 off-board EV charging infrastructure that can employ multiple EVs which will alleviate the
down-time required for vehicle charging. There is a master control to deal with the power exchange between the AC
and DC bus (AC-DC Converter Control).The control of individual EV is de-centralized (DC-DC Converter Control).
The proposed work looks into two different aspects of EV integration to grid a) Grid to Vehicle mode-G2V (EV
charging), b) Vehicle to Grid Mode-V2G (EV discharging Mode) ie, proposing EV as a grid connected distributed
generation, c) Simultaneous EV charging and discharging mode ie, G2V & V2G operations. Simulation platform is
Matlab. Results show the feasibility of the proposed model during grid integration.
Keywords: Electric vehicle, grid integration, V2G & G2V, quality power,
47
A High Performance Rotor-Flux Oriented
Indirect Vector Controlled Induction Motor
Drive using Fuzzy Logic Control
Anjali.S, Radhika.R
M.Tech Student, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Asst. Professor, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: In most of the industries, scalar controlled induction motors are widely used for the variable speed
applications. Nowadays, for high performance applications, field oriented control (FOC) technique is prefered. But,
detuning caused by disturbances in parameters and exterior load disturbances still limits the performance of these
drives. In order to accomplish variable speed operation, conventional PID controller is commonly used which provides
limited good performance over a wide range of operation. In this paper a vector controlled induction motor employing a
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) in the outer speed control loop is analysed. The scheme is simulated in
MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance of FLC based scheme is compared with those of PI controller based
scheme.
Keywords: Indirect vector control, PI controller, fuzzy logic controller, field weakening operation.
48
Design of VAR Compensator During High
Wind Generation Season in Tamilnadu
Grid
K. Karunagaran, Anandan, P. Thenmozhi
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engg., SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram-631561, India
Mainframe Operations Manager, Maples ESM Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Chennai- 600096, India
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Research Scholar, VIT University, Vellore – 632 014, India
Abstract: This work aims to provide a solution to overcome the low voltage phenomena during the high wind energy
generation periods. This paper discusses the design of a suitable VAR compensator. The low voltage conditions are
recorded during morning and evening peaks prevailing in the Tamil Nadu grid during the high wind generation periods
and the results are drawn using MATLAB 2009B, which overcomes the issue of low voltage profile.
Keywords: Reactive Power, Compensation, Voltage Profile, Wind energy.
49
A Solar Energy Harvesting System with
Multirectfier Stage
Cicily Antony T, Beena M Varghese, Divya K Nair
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Abstract: Renewable energy system gain more importance now a days with the depletion of non-renewable energy
sources.This paper utilizes an eco-friendly source, that is solar system and introduces a new multi rectifier stage for
multi applications. The proposed topology consists of a rectifier stage as fusion of two CUK converters, and an inverter
at its output. An MPPT algorithm is used here to track maximum power output of the PV system. Different MPPT
algorithms are there; among these the most accurate and simplest method called incremental conductance method is
utilized to track maximum power point. Matlab/Simulink model is used to verify the operation and performance of this
converter. Simulation results obtained also included in this paper.
Keywords: Photovoltaic module, Incremental conductance algorithm, multi-rectifier, cuk converter, inverter power.
50
Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Eleven
Phase Brushless DC Motor
Priyanka C P, Sija Gopinathan, Anish Gopinath
M. Tech Student, Department of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Control & Check Out Division, VSSC, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Abstract: In this paper a simulation model of eleven phase BLDC motor drive is studied and actual implementation of
the mathematical model with trapezoidal back emf is proposed with the help of MATLAB/Simulink software. The
motor is simulated through mathematical modeling and switching to inverter is fed according to hall sensor signals.
PWM current control is used to provide gating pulses for the inverter. Then the speed control of motor is developed.
Keywords: BLDC motor, PWM inverter, Multiphase, Speed Control, Cohen Coon Tuning
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51
One Cycle Control of Bridgeless Buck
Converter
Rajitha A R, Leena Thomas, Bindu Elias
M-Tech scholar, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Associate professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Abstract: Analysis and design of a voltage doubler bridgeless buck converter is performed during the course of project
and hardware implementation of a prototype was done during this period. Voltage doubler bridgeless buck converters
can be used in switched mode power supplies as rectification as well as power factor correction circuit. Conventional
switched mode power supplies contains a bridge rectifier followed by power factor correction circuit and second stage
dc to dc converters for generating the required dc voltage.Bridgelesss voltage doubler circuit combines both the
rectifier and power factor correction circuit to a single circuit, the output of which is double the voltage produced by a
single buck converter [3] used as pfc circuit.
This circuit consists of two buck converters connected in parallel in series out manner. The total output obtained is the
sum of voltage across each capacitor of the buck converters which are operating during positive and negative half
respectively. MOSFET is used as the switching device of the buck converter Usually pulse width modulation technique
is used for switching operation and clamped current mode control is used for controlling the buck converter.
In this paper ,a new control method called One Cycle Control is used for controlling the buck converter during both
half of supply voltage. This method is a non linear control technique to control the duty ratio of the switch in real time
such that in each half cycle the average value of the chopped waveform is made equal to the reference value. This
method provides greater response and rejects input voltage perturbations.Simualation of the circuit employing One
Cycle Control is done in MATLAB/SIMULINK .A prototype of voltage doubler buck converter generating a dc
voltage of 12V operating at a switching frequency of 65kHz is developed. The gating signals are generated by
microcontroller ATMEGA16 and the program is written in C language.PWM switching technique is used here as
implementation of One Cycle Control required a better controller. The results obtained are also presented in this paper.
Keywords: Power Factor Correction, Bridgeless voltage Doubler, Buck Converter, One Cycle Control
52
Analysis and Design of Improved Isolated
Bidirectional Fullbridge DC-DC Converter for
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Divya K. Nair
Asst. Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Abstract: Hybrid electric Vehicles combine the benefits of engine, electric motor and batteries to provide improved
fuel economy. A converter is needed in hybrid Electric Vehicle for charging and discharging of the batteries. So a
charging and discharging can be combined in one circuit topology known as bidirectional DC-DC converter. Here the
output is completely isolated from input, so an isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is used. In the bidirectional DCDC converter, there occurs overvoltage and overcurrent stress, which can be reduced by snubber circuits. Various
technologies such as RCD, active clamp and flyback snubber for bidirectional DC-DC converter are compared. The
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bidirectional DC-DC converter with flyback snubber is explained in detail. The simulations are carried out using
Simulink/MATLAB 7.6.0 (R2009b) package.
Keywords: Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Bidirectional DC-DC converter, Flyback Snubber, RCD Snubber, Active Clamp
Snubber.
53
An Improved Method for Starting of
Induction Motor with Reduced Transient
Torque Pulsations
Nithin K S, Bos Mathew Jos, Muhammed Rafeek
M. Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
M. Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Abstract: Three phase induction motor produces severe starting torque pulsations. This causes shocks to the driven
equipment and damage to the mechanical system components. In this method a novel method for starting of induction
motor is proposed. The scheme depends on initial switching instances at which each phases of motor terminals are
connected to the supply. A mathematical model for a three phase induction motor is developed in matlab/simulink and
observed the effectiveness of the system in the elimination of torque pulsations. Hardware is implemented with an AC
voltage controller using skt 24/12e thyristors. The gate control is provided with 89C51 microcontroller and the
simulation results are verified through the hardware.
Keywords: Induction motor, motor starter, torque pulsations, modelling.
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ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
54
Design, Theoretical Modeling, Simulation
and Validation of a Push-Pull DC-DC
Converter
Siji Das, Mrs.Jisha Kuruvilla, Dr. Babu Paul
M-Tech scholar, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Asst. Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Abstract: This thesis aims at end to end design of a push-pull dc-dc converter with analog PWM controller. The push-pull
converter circuitry consist of a power transfer stage with an appropriate switching device. Rectifier and filter circuits are
used for filtering and smoothening of the output dc voltage. The switch duty ratio is controlled by means of a PWM
controller chip. To improve the system stability and to obtain desired bandwidth compensation circuit is incorporated. EMI
filters (both common mode and differential mode) are used to avoid unwanted signals in the circuit. The complete circuit is
modelled and simulated to check the adequacy of the design. Circuit modelling and simulation is carried out by I-CAP4
simulation package.
Keywords: dc-dc converter, PWM controller, compensators, EMI filters, I-CAP4
55
A Comparison of Three Phase and Five Phase
BLDC Motor
Kiran George, Sija Gopinathan, Shinoy K.S.
P G Scholar, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala,
India
Scientist/Engr, Control Electronics and Check out Division, VSSC. VSSC, Trivandrum, India
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492
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation into the advantage of polyphase machine over
conventional three phase machine. It is also shown by finite-element analyses that, by appropriately
defining the pole–arc to pole–pitch ratio, fractional slot winding and selecting proper slot per pole
combination the cogging torque can be minimized. The analysis is carried out for a three phase and
five phase permanent magnet brushless direct current motor.
Keywords: polyphase, cogging torque, finite element, permanent magnet
56
Implementation of a New Charging Feature
with SOC Estimation in Electric Vehicles
Shamna P V, Beena M Varghese
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala,
India
Associate professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala,
India
Abstract: This paper presents a new charging feature in Electric Vehicles using PIC. Algorithm works
utilizing the back electro motive force(BEMF) produced by the motor. The structure is a buck-boost
converter chip, which transfers the energy stored in battery for driving motor, and can recycle the
energy resulted from the back electromotive force (BEMF) to charge battery by changing the operation
mode. A relay is employed for switching the buck-boost converter. An algorithm for State-ofCharge(SOC )estimation is also proposed.
Keywords: Electric vehicle, BEMF, buck-boost converter, relay.
57
Four Switch BLDC Motor Drive
Geethu James, Prof. K Radhakrishnan, Mrs.Jaya B
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
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493
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Scientist , CECG, VSSC, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Abstract: This paper describes the analysis and design of a low cost three phase inverter brushless dc motor (BLDC) drive.
For effective utilization of the developed system, a novel direct current controlled pwm scheme (DPC) is designed and
implemented.. The operational principle of the four-switch BLDC motor drive and the developed control scheme are
theoretically analyzed and the performance is demonstrated by simulation.
Keywords: Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive, four-switch inverter, Direct current control, Position sensorless control.
58
Droop Control of Parallel Inverters with
LCL Filter and Virtual Output Impedance
Anuroop.P.V, Prof.K.Radhakrishnan, A. Saravana Kumar
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
CDAC, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Abstract: Because of the acute shortage of conventional energy resources, renewable energy harness is gaining attention.
Voltage source inverter forms the interface to feed the power from the renewable source to utility. In order to increase the
modularity of the system, the use of several parallel inverters of reduced rating is preferred. An effective control strategy to
maintain the amplitude and frequency of output voltages of each inverter at the specified values is necessary to avoid
circulating currents and to share load currents proportionally. This paper presents a simple and effective droop control
strategy for two three phase inverters to operate in stand-alone manner.
Keywords:Active damping, droop control, virtual output impedance, circulating current, LCL filter
59
Fractal Based SVPWM Algorithm for Two
Legged Three Phase Multilevel Inverters
Devisree Sasi, Jisha Kuruvilla P, Anish Gopinath
M.Tech Student, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Mar Athanasius College Of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Scientist-SD, CECD, VSSC, ISRO, Kerala, India
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533
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Abstract: This paper proposes a Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm based on fractals for two legged three phase
multilevel inverters. The paper presents the observation that the space vector representation of two legged three phase
multilevel inverter has an inherent fractal structure. The properties of fractal structure together with the simplicity of fractal
arithmetic are utilized to propose a generalized algorithm for SVPWM generation for two legged multilevel inverters and it
can be easily extended to n-level inverters. The voltage space vectors of higher level inverter can be generated from the
voltage vectors of an equivalent 2-level inverter using simple addition operations. Sector identification and switching vector
determination in SVPWM generation are carried out using simple arithmetic operations without any computational
complexity. The proposed algorithm doesn’t use any look up table for sector identification and switching vector
determination. The validation of the algorithm through simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK has been carried out for two
legged 3-level and 5-level inverter configurations for which the results are also presented.
Keywords: Six-switch three phase inverter [SSTPI] topology, Four-switch three phase inverter [FSTPI] topology, Two
legged multilevel inverters, Space vector pulse width modulation [SVPWM], Fractals
60
Offline Signature Verification Based on SVM
and Neural Network
Anjali.R, Manju Rani Mathew
Department of ECE, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Abstract: Biometrics plays a significant role in day to day life. It is widely used as a means of personal identification and
authentication. Of this signature is most important. Handwritten signature is unique to an individual and virtually
impossible to duplicate. This emphasizes the need for an automatic verification system. The aim of this paper is to measure
gray level features of an image when it is distorted by a complex background and train by using neural network classifier
and SVM. The practical signature verification problems include problems due to the need of segmenting the signature from
the image document. This problem is overcome in this paper by calculating the gray level distortion and segmenting the
original signature from the complex backgrounds. Then the image is trained by a neural network by using feed forward
back propagation algorithm and SVM
Keywords: Back propagation algorithm, Gray-level distortion, neural network, Otsu’s threshold, support vector machine.
61
Level-By-Level Offset Based Wake up Pattern
with Hybrid Data Gathering Protocol in a WSN
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ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Shilpa Alias, Simy M Baby
M. Tech Student, Dept. Applied Electronics, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Asst. Professor, Dept. Electronics and Communication Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Abstract: Energy consumption is the major problem in a wireless sensor network (WSN).In order to reduce the energy
consumption, level by level offset based wake up pattern with hybrid data gathering protocol is introduced in this paper.
This paper analyses the energy consumption in different nodes. The main purpose of WSN is to collect data for processing,
communicating and reporting. For data reporting time driven and event driven schemes are used. There is a hybrid data
gathering protocol that dynamically switches between the event driven and time driven data reporting schemes. By using
this hybrid data gathering protocol with sleep scheduling, we can detect an event of interest in the near future with low
energy consumption. Also we can predict the dissemination pattern of an event.
Keywords: Critical Event Monitoring, Sleep Scheduling, Wireless Application Protocol, WSN.
62
Black Hole Detection Scheme in WSN for
Mobile Replica Node Detection and Rejection
Sneha Mohan, Rinsa E A
M. Tech Student, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Asst. Professor, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Abstract: Security of wireless sensor network is a major concern in military, business and
environmental applications. The replica nodes are controlled by the adversary, but have keying
materials that allow them to behave like authorized participants in the network. Sequential Probability
Ratio Test (SPRT) uses the fact that an uncompromised mobile node should never move at speed in
excess of the system-configured maximum speed and it fails when the replica nodes fails to provide
signed location and time information for speed measurement. This is overcome by employing a
quarantine defense technique to block non complaint nodes. Black hole detection technique can be
implemented, thereby enabling the effective detection of static and mobile replica nodes. This is
realized using Network Simutator-2.
Keywords: sequential probability ratio test, replica nodes, black hole detection, quarantine defense
scheme
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535
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
63
Gammatone Cepstral Coefficient for
Speaker Identification
Rahana Fathima, Raseena P E
M. Tech Student, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Asst. Professor, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Abstract: Digital processing of speech signal and voice recognition algorithm is very important for fast and accurate
automatic voice recognition technology. The voice is a signal of infinite information. A direct analysis and synthesizing
the complex voice signal is due to too much information contained in the signal. Taking as a basis Mel frequency
cepstral coefficients (MFCC) used for speaker identification and audio parameterization, the Gammatone cepstral
coefficients (GTCCs) are a biologically inspired modification employing Gammatone filters with equivalent
rectangular bandwidth bands. A comparison is done between MFCC and GTCC for speaker identification.Thier
performance is evaluated using three machine learning methods neural network (NN) and support vector machine
(SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). According to the results, classification accuracies are significantly higher when
employing GTCC in speaker identification than MFCC.
Keywords: Feature extraction, Feature matching, Gammatone Cepstral coefficient, Speaker identification
64
Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth and
Ultra Wideband Applications with
Notched WiMAX Band on Teflon
Arathy S., Upama Rajan M.N., Jobin Kurian, Vijai Reghunath
M.Tech Student, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Asst. Prof, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, India
Abstract: A dual band circular monopole antenna for Bluetooth and Ultra wideband applications with WiMAX notched
band is presented. The antenna shows return loss characteristics less than -10dB for Bluetooth (2.40-2.47 GHz) and
Ultra wideband (2.73-11.5 GHz) except at notched band. High VSWR is obtained at 2.6 GHz and WiMAX band
(centre frequency 3.5 GHz) .The radiation patterns show omni directional characteristics at lower frequencies with
good polarisation isolation.
Keywords: Ultra wideband, Bluetooth, return loss, group delay
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
65
Power and Area Efficient Implementation
for Parallel FIR Filters Using FFAs and DA
Krishnapriya P.N, Arathy Iyer
M.Tech Student [VLSI & Embedded Systems] , Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Kadayiruppu,
Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Asst.Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering,
Kadayiruppu, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm for reducing the hardware complexity of linear phase FIR digital filters.
Traditional parallel filter implementations cause linear increase in the hardware cost with respect to the block size.
Recently, an efficient parallel FIR filter implementation technique requiring a less-than linear increase in the hardware
cost was proposed. This paper makes two contributions. First,the new structure is based on fast FIR algorithm (FFA) that
utilizes the symmetry of coefficients; thereby reducing half the number of multipliers in the sub filter section at the
expense of increase in adders. Modified FIR filter design using distributed Arithmetic (DA) also provides an approach
for multiplier-less implementation of DSP systems. It can completely replace all multiplications and additions by a look
up table (LUT) and a shifter-accumulator thereby it can save considerable amount of hardware resources.
Keywords: Digital signal processing (DSP), fast FIR algorithms (FFAs), parallel FIR, symmetric convolution, Look up
table (LUT)
66
Implementation of a Bi-Variate Gaussian
Random Number Generator on FPGA
without Using Multipliers
Eldho P Sunny, Haripriya. P
M.Tech Student [VLSI & Embedded Systems] , Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Kadayiruppu,
Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Asst.Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering,
Kadayiruppu, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Abstract: The multivariate Gaussian distribution is used to model random processes with distinct pair-wise correlations,
such as stock prices that tend to rise and fall together. Multivariate Gaussian vectors with length n are usually produced
by first generating a vector of n independent Gaussian samples, then multiplying with a correlation inducing matrix
requiring Operations(n2) multiplications. This paper presents a method of generating bivariate vectors directly from the
uniform distribution and eliminating the need for any multipliers. The method relies only on small read only memories
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
and adders, and so can be implemented using only logic resources (lookup-tables and registers), saving multipliers, and
block-memory resources for the numerical simulation that the multivariate generator is driving. As an optimization,
only positive values are considered for the implementation. FPGA-optimized Random Number Generators (RNGs)
used for uniform distribution are more resource efficient than software-optimized RNGs, as they can take advantage of
bit-wise operations and FPGA-specific features. This paper use a new type of FPGA RNG called a LUT-SR RNG,
which takes advantage of bit-wise XOR operations and the ability to turn LUTs into shift-registers of varying lengths.
This paper model a Gaussian random number generator where its inputs elements are correlation matrix of standard
deviation from previous history.
Keywords: Field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Monte Carlo simulation, bivariate samples, random number
generation.
67
A Novel IEEE 754 Standard Floating Point
Unit Comprising Fused Add-Subtract Unit
Rosemin C.J., Anuja George, Arundev V
Department of Electronics and Communication, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai,
India
Flight Computer Division, FCG/AVN/VSSC, Kerala, India
Abstract: In this paper, a high speed and reduced area floating point unit(FPU) is implemented incorporating fused addsubtract unit. The FPU is designed to handle numbers both in single precision and double precision formats. When
compared to discrete add-subtract unit, fused add-subtract unit has achieved 33% reduction in area and 52% reduction
in delay in case of single precision format. In double precision format compared to discrete add-subtract unit, fused
add-subtract unit has achieved a reduction in area and delay by 41% and 40% respectively. The FPU was designed
using VHDL language and implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-II FPGA.
Keywords: Discrete FPU, Fused FPU, VHDL
68
Performance Investigation of a Digital Filter bank
based Multicarrier Communication System Model
using Different types of Prototype Filters
Greeshma K.V., Roshni Ravi, Josemartin M. J.
M.Tech (Advanced Communication and Information Systems), Rajiv Gandhi Institute of
Technology,Kottayam, Kerala,India
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of
Technology,Kottayam, Kerala, India
Abstract: The filter bank based multicarrier communication (FBMC) is a technology for multicarrier communications
which has been recently considered by standard committees as a substitute for orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM). This paper investigates the performance of FBMC systems using different prototype filters viz
root raised cosine (RRC), isotropic weighted Hermite and prototype filter based on Fourier invariant signal and their
comparison based on bandwidth time-width (BT) product and interference plots. The prototype filter based on Fourier
invariant signal is a new step towards prototype filter design. The study reveals that the prototype filter based on
Fourier invariant signal has properties similar to that of isotropic weighted Hermite so that it can be applied in FBMC.
Numerical results and simulations are provided to illustrate the time-frequency localization of both isotropic weighted
Hermite and the filter obtained by Fourier invariant signal.
Keywords: FBMC, RRC, isotropic weighted Hermite, Fourier invariant signal, BT product, Interference plots
69
An Optimized FPGA Implementation of LSB
Replacement Steganography Using DWT
Maya C S, Sabarinath G
Department of Electronics and Communication, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, India
Abstract: This work focuses on the image steganography with an image compression using Discrete Wavelet
Transform (DWT) on FPGA Spartan III Evaluation Development Kit (EDK). Current trends support digital image files
as the cover file to hide another digital file with secret message or data. At receiver side, using Inverse Discrete
Wavelet transform, both original image as well as hidden data can be successfully extracted. The design architecture
when implemented on FPGA Spartan III offers a processing time of just 13.79 ns, which might give an impulse for the
researchers to a very fast, programmable & cost effective hardware solution in the area of Secure Communication .
Keywords: Steganography; Lifting Scheme; Stego image; Wavelets; encoding
70
Beamforming and Transmission Power
Optimization
Reeta Chhatani , Alice Cheeran
PhD Scholar, Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Mumbai, India
Professor, Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Mumbai, India
Abstract: Beamforming-array signal processing is a powerful means of increasing capacity and coverage of the mobile
communication networks. It supports the next generation broadband cellular system to efficiently carry populated traffic over a
limited spectrum due to its co-channel interference mitigation capability.
This paper presents performance comparison of three beamforming methods namely null steering, minimum variance
distortionless response (MVDR) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamforming. It is observed that MMSE beamforming is
most suitable for practical non-line-of-sight multipath environment.
The work is further extended to downlink beamforming problem for multicell network which is formulated as minimization of
transmitted power by all base stations (BSs) subject to SINR constraints at each mobile. The conventional per cell basis
beamforming and coordinated multicell beamforming are implemented to achieve downlink transmit power optimization using
downlink beamforming. Both algorithms use uplink (UL)-downlink (DL) duality concept to solve complicated DL beamforming by
using dual uplink problem.
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Per cell basis beamforming treats intercell interferences as a part of background noise while coordinated multicell beamforming
considers intercell interferences for weight vector calculation. Thus, per cell basis optimization does not lead to a joint optimal
solution which is possible by coordinated multicell beamforming. The important feature of coordinated beamforming algorithm is
that, it leads to distributed implementation in time division duplex (TDD) system. The distributed implementation is less complex
and requires only beamforming level coordination unlike centralized implementation which requires system level coordination and
thus it is more complex.
Thus, in this paper per cell basis beamforming and coordinated multicell beamforming has been implemented and compared for
mobile wimax multicell network. The simulation results proved that coordinated beamforming outperforms per cell basis
beamforming for different values of SINR and user locations.
Keywords: Array signal processing, beamforming, multicell network, uplink-downlink duality.
71
Dominant Voiced Speech Segregation
Using Onset Offset Detection and IBM
Based Segmentation
Shibani.H, Lekshmi M S
M. Tech Student, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Asst. Professor, Ilahia college of Engineering and Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
Abstract: Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA) has been the focus in recent literature for speech separation
from monaural mixtures .The recent literature is based on the cochlear modelling using gamma-tone filter bank .While
the computational complexity associated with gamma-tone filter bank is high; hence it is not applicable for an efficient
hearing aid.
Keywords: Cochlear filter, Frequency Mask, Monaural speech, Ideal Binary Mask, Onset-Offset, Segregation.
72
Design of an Embedded Platform for Patient
Monitoring Applications Using µC/OS-II
Juney M George, Venugopal G
Department of Electronics and Communication, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, India
Abstract: Now a day’s lot of embedded platforms are available based on different controllers for patient monitoring
applications. The major disadvantage of such systems are their disability to handle multiple tasks effectively. Real
Time Operating Systems(RTOS) are well known for their multitask handling ability. So the design of embedded
platforms by incorporating of a Real Time Operating Systems will improve the multitask handling capability of
embedded platforms. So in this paper we propose a telemedicine embedded platform based on µC/OS-II RTOS and
Atmega128 AVR microcontroller.
Keywords: RTOS; Telemedicine; Task; Priority
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73
Nonlinear System Identification Using
Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Siny Paul, Bindu Elias
Associate Professor, Department of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
Abstract: Different algorithms can be used to train the Neural Network Model for Nonlinear system identification.
Here the ‘Maximum Likelihood Estimation’ is implemented for modeling nonlinear systems and the performance is
evaluated. Maximum likelihood is a well-established procedure for statistical estimation. In this procedure first
formulate a log likelihood function and then optimize it with respect to the parameter vector of the probabilistic model
under consideration. Four nonlinear systems are used to validate the performance of the model. Results show that
Neural Network with the algorithm of Maximum Likelihood Estimation is a good tool for system identification, when
the inputs are not well defined.
Keywords: Neural Network, Nonlinear system, Mean square error, Modeling.
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