Name:
Period:
Genetics Test
1. Which of the following is not a genetically inherited trait?
 Eye Color
 Ability to Roll Your Tongue or Not
 Language You Speak
 Height
Explain
2. What are the major characteristics of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction?
Give as much information as you can to show what you know.
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
3. Most animals reproduce by _______
 Asexual Reproduction
 Sexual Reproduction
 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
 Artificial Cloning
4. What makes gametes different from other cells in your body?
5. What do you call a female gamete in plants and animals? ________________________
6. What would be the most likely cause of an offspring created by asexual reproduction
having some different traits from the parent?
 DNA gets combined from two different parents to create a unique set of DNA
 DNA from one of the parents is dominant over the DNA of the other
 Mutation
 Environmental Factors
7. Why does sexual reproduction result in more genetic variation in a species?
8. Write true (T) or false (F) next to each statement.
__________ Asexual reproduction only occurs in single-celled organisms like bacteria
__________ Plants only reproduce asexually
__________ As long as you have an egg cell you can clone an animal
__________ Offspring produced by asexual reproduction are usually identical to the parent
__________ Fraternal twins are no more genetically similar to one another than any other pair of siblings
__________ Mammals only reproduce sexually
__________ It is realistic and somewhat likely that non-twin siblings from the same parents could come out
identical to each other
__________ Clones are only created artificially by scientists
9. Explain, using words and illustrations, if you find that helpful, how artificial cloning works.
10. Give at least 2 arguments for and against investing money towards research in artificial cloning.
Arguments For Artificial Cloning
Arguments Against Artificial Cloning
11. Sort each genotype by writing it in the appropriate box to the right.
GG
pp
ff
Aa
Rr
hh
QQ
Dd
PP
Tt
BB
tt
Mm
rr
homozygous
dominant
homozygous
recessive
heterozygous
12. For each of the genotypes below determine what the phenotype would be.
Blue tail is dominant to orange tail.
(genotype) Tt = _______________________ (phenotype)
Green pea pod is dominant to yellow pea pod. (genotype) PP = _______________________ (phenotype)
Brown Hair is dominant to red hair.
(genotype) Homozygous Recessive = _______________________ (phenotype)
Straight thumb is dominant to a hitchhiker’s thumb. (genotype) Heterozygous = _______________________ (phenotype)
13. Complete this punnett square.
Male 
R
R
Female

R
r
14. Use the punnett square from #13. What’s the probability (given in a %) that the offspring
will be homozygous dominant?
_____________%
15. Use this punnett square for a couple to determine their probability of having a child with
free earlobes (dominant trait) vs. attached earlobes (recessive trait).
Male 
E
e
Female

E
EE
e
Ee
Ee
What’s the probability (given in a %) that they will
have a child with free earlobes?
_____________%
ee
16. What is the male’s genotype in problem #15? ___________________________
17. What is the female’s phenotype in problem #15? ___________________________
18. In humans, rolling your tongue is dominant to
not being able to roll your tongue. A
heterozygous male and a homozygous recessive
female have a baby.
Use T and t for your alleles for tongue rolling.
Male Parent Genotype: ________
Male Parent Phenotype: __________________
Female Parent Genotype________
Female Parent Phenotype: __________________
Male 
Female

Offspring Genotype Probability:
TT: _______%__
Tt: ________%__
tt: ________%__
Offspring Phenotype Probability:
Able to Roll Tongue: _______%__
Not Able to Roll Tongue: _______%__
19. In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant
to white flowers. Pollen (male) from a
homozygous dominant plant pollinates the egg
(female) of a homozygous recessive plant.
Use F and f for your alleles for flower color.
Male 
Female
Male Parent Genotype: ________
Male Parent Phenotype: __________________
Female Parent Genotype________
Female Parent Phenotype: __________________
Offspring Genotype Probability:
FF: _______%__

Ff: ________%__
ff: ________%__
Offspring Phenotype Probability:
Purple Flower: _______%__
White Flowers: _______%__
Male Parent Genotype: ________
20. In dogs, a black nose is dominant to pink
nose. A heterozygous male dog breeds with a
homozygous dominant female dog.
Use N and n for your alleles for nose color.
Male Parent Phenotype: __________________
Female Parent Genotype________
Female Parent Phenotype: __________________
Male 
Female

Offspring Genotype Probability:
NN: _______%__
Nn: ________%__
nn: ________%__
Offspring Phenotype Probability:
Black Nose: _______%__
Pink Nose: _______%__
ADVANCED SECTION (OPTIONAL) If you choose to not answer the advanced questions, please be aware that your
maximum grade will be a 3 (B). Keep in mind that even if some of the advanced section is done correctly, if proficiency hasn’t
been shown in the required proficiency portion of the test, an advanced score may not be given. A 4+ grade is possible for this
test if all of the proficient and advanced section is done accurately demonstrating an exceptionally high level of
understanding and ability for application.
1. What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins?
2. Which of the following is the best evidence that a species of plant reproduces sexually?
 The species of plant has some green leaves and some red leaves
 The species of plant can be found in many different sizes
 The species of plant has flowers
 The species of plant can be found all over the world
Explain
3. Explain why the lifespan of a clone created through artificial cloning is generally going to be
shorter than the original organism.
4. For any given trait, if two heterozygous people have a baby, what’s the probability (given
in a %) that the child will have the same phenotype as them? Explain your answer and use a
punnett square if necessary to help explain. Use your best science vocabulary.
5. Dimples are a dominant trait to not having dimples (note: even if someone has only one dimple they are
considered to have the dominant phenotype) . Ben does not have dimples, but both his parents do. What are
his parents’ genotypes? Explain your answer and use a punnett square if necessary to help
explain. Use your best science vocabulary.
6. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes (for the sake of simplicity I’ve left out shades of brown as
well as hazel and green for this problem). Look at the given portion of Ms. Naylor’s family pedigree
including her grandparents, aunts, uncles, parent, and siblings then answer the questions below.
Maternal Grandparents (Mom’s Side)
Paternal Grandparents (Dad’s Side)
Key
Circle = Female
Square = Male
Black = Brown Eyes
White = Blue Eyes
Dad
Mom
Older
Brother
Younger
Brother
Ms.
Naylor
a) What is Ms. Naylor’s genotype? Is Ms. Naylor heterozygous, homozygous dominant or
homozygous recessive? Explain your answer and use a punnett square if necessary to help
explain. Use your best science vocabulary.
b) If Ms. Naylor’s older brother has a child with a blue eyed woman, what is the
probability (given in a %) that he would have a blue eyed child? Explain your answer and
use a punnett square if necessary to help explain. Use your best science vocabulary.
c) Based on this information, do we have a way of knowing what Ms. Naylor’s maternal
grandfather’s genotype is? If yes, what is it and how do you know? If no, why not, and
can you make an educated guess about his genotype? Explain your answer and use a
punnett square if necessary to help explain. Use your best science vocabulary.