Irregular Verbs List
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Irregular Verbs List This is a list of some irregular verbs in English. Of course, there are many others, but these are the more common irregular verbs. V1 Base Form V2 Past Simple V3 Past Participle awake awoke awoken be was, were been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bid bid bid bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast build built built burn burned/burnt burned/burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt drive drove driven drink drank drunk eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got got (sometimes gotten) give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led learn learned/learnt learned/learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent show showed showed/shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote written Regular Verbs List There are thousands of regular verbs in English. This is a list of 600 of the more common regular verbs. Note that there are some spelling variations in American English (for example, "practise" becomes "practice" in American English). accept add admire admit advise afford agree alert allow amuse analyse announce annoy answer apologise appear applaud appreciate approve argue arrange arrest arrive ask attach attack attempt attend attract avoid back bake balance ban bang bare bat bathe beg behave belong bleach bless blind blink blot boil bolt bomb book bore borrow bounce bow branch breathe bruise brush bubble bump burn bury battle beam blush boast box brake buzz calculate call camp care carry carve cause challenge change charge chase cheat check cheer chew choke chop claim clap clean clear clip close coach coil collect colour comb command communicate compare compete complain complete concentrate concern confess confuse connect consider consist contain continue copy correct cough count cover crack crash crawl cross crush cry cure curl curve cycle dam damage dance dare decay deceive decide decorate delay delight deliver depend describe desert deserve destroy detect develop disagree disappear disapprove disarm discover dislike divide double doubt drag drain dream dress drip drop drown drum dry dust earn educate embarrass employ empty encourage end enjoy enter entertain escape examine excite excuse exercise exist expand expect explain explode extend face fade fail fancy fasten fax fear fence fetch file fill film fire fit fix flap flash float flood flow flower fold follow fool force form found frame frighten fry gather grab grin guard gaze glow glue grate grease greet grip groan guarantee guess guide hammer hand handle hang happen harass harm hate haunt head heal heap heat help hook hop hope hover hug hum hunt hurry identify ignore imagine impress improve include increase influence inform inject injure instruct intend interest interfere interrupt introduce invent invite irritate itch jail jam jog join joke judge juggle jump kick kill kiss kneel knit knock knot label land last laugh launch learn level license lick lie lighten like list listen live load lock long look love man manage march mark marry match mate matter measure meddle melt memorise mend mess up milk mine miss mix moan moor mourn move muddle mug multiply murder nail name need nest nod note notice number obey object observe obtain occur offend offer open order overflow owe own pack paddle paint park part pass paste pat pause peck pedal peel peep perform permit phone pick pinch pine place plan plant play please plug point poke polish pop possess post pour practise pray preach precede prefer prepare present preserve press pretend prevent prick print produce program promise protect provide pull pump punch puncture punish push question queue race radiate rain raise reach realise receive recognise record reduce reflect refuse regret reign reject rejoice relax release rely remain remember remind remove repair repeat replace reply report reproduce request rescue retire return rhyme rinse risk rob rock roll rot rub ruin rule rush sack sail satisfy save saw scare scatter scold scorch scrape scratch scream screw scribble scrub seal search separate serve settle shiver shock shop shrug sigh sign signal sin sip ski skip slap slip slow smash smell smile smoke snatch sneeze soothe sound spare spark sparkle spell spill spoil spot spray sprout squash squeak squeal squeeze stain stamp stare start stay stop store strap strengthen stretch strip stroke stuff subtract succeed suck suffer suggest suit supply support suppose surprise surround suspect shade share shave shelter sniff snore snow soak steer step stir stitch suspend switch talk tame tap taste tease telephone tempt terrify test thank thaw tick tickle tie time tip tire touch tour tow trace trade train transport trap travel treat tremble trick trip trot trouble trust try tug tumble turn twist type undress unfasten unite unlock unpack untidy use vanish visit wail wait walk wander want warm warn wash waste watch water wave weigh welcome whine whip whirl whisper whistle wink wipe wish wobble wonder work worry wrap wreck wrestle wriggle x-ray yawn yell zip zoom I. Complete the sentences, as in the example. 1. It is said that this orchestra is the best in the world. This orchestra ...is said to be the best in the world. 2. It is believed that the thieves have left the country. The thieves ................................................................. 3. The fire is reported to have started by accident. It ................................................................. 4. He is known to be making a lot of money. It ................................................................. 5. It is expected that they will arrive in time for dinner. They ................................................................. 6. She is said to know a lot about gardening. It ................................................................. 7. It is thought that he will be attending the meeting. He ................................................................. 8. It is believed that we are able to win the competition. We ................................................................. 9. The company is thought to be making a big profit. It ................................................................. 10. It is reported that the government has reached a decision. The government ................................................................. 11. It is said that they were responsible for the damage. They ................................................................. 12. She is expected to break the world record. It ................................................................. 13. He is known to have several foreign bank accounts. It ................................................................. 14. They are reported to have financial problems. It ................................................................. 2. ... are believed to have left the country. 3. ... is reported that the fire started by accident. 4. ... is known that he is making a lot of money. 5. ... are expected to arrive in time for dinner. 6. ... is said that she knows a lot about gardening. 7. ... is thought to be attending the meeting. 8. ... are believed to be able to win the competition. 9. ... is thought that the company is making a big profit. 10. ... is reported to have reached a decision. 11. ... are said to have been responsible for the damage. 12. ... is expected that she will break the world record. 13. ... is known that he has several foreign bank accounts. 14. ... is reported that they have financial problems. Main clause + noun clause” can be made passive in two ways. Example 1: Active: People say that he lives abroad now. Passive 1: It’s said that he lives abroad now. Passive 2: He is said to live abroad now. Example 2: Active: People believe that he is the hero of the town. Passive 1: It’s believed that he is the hero of the town. Passive 2: He is believed to be the hero of the town. Present "Be": Active: They say (that) the man is a thief. Passive 1: It’s said that the man is a thief. Passive 2: The man is said to be a thief. Simple Present Noun Clause: Active: We understand that he dislikes children. Passive 1: It’s understood that he dislikes children. Passive 2: He is understood to dislike children. Past "Be": Active: They say that he was very rich in the past. Passive 1: It’s said that he was rich in the past. Passive 2: He is said to have been very rich in the past. Simple Past Noun Clause : Active: People claim that he left the country two months ago. Passive 1: It’s claimed that he left the country two months ago. Passive 2: He is claimed to have left the country two months ago. Present Perfect Noun Clause : Active: People think that he has deserted his family. Passive 1: It’s thought that he has deserted his family. Passive 2: He is thought to have deserted his family. Present Continuous Noun Clause : Active: We think he is waiting there now. Passive 1: It’s thought that he is waiting there now. Passive 2: He is thought to be waiting there now. Past Continuous Noun Clause : Active: People say he was working very hard. Passive 1: It’s said that he was working very hard. Passive 2: He is said to have been working very hard. Future Tense(will or going to) Noun Clause : Active: People expect that the rate of exchange will go down soon. Passive 1: It’s excepted that the rate of exchange will go down soon. Passive 2: The rate of exchange is excepted to go down soon. Present Passive Noun Clause : Active: They say that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day. Passive 1: It’s said that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day. Passive 2: A lot of electrical appliances are said to be stolen every day. Past Passive Noun Clause : Active: They report that two people were killed in the explosion. Passive 1: It’s reported that two people were killed in the explosion. Passive 2: Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion. Note: Common verbs similar to “believe, say” are claim, understand, think, suppose, expect, report, acknowledge, assume, estimate, consider etc. As you have to participate in a Group Discussion. several questions spring across your mind. You want to know what actions and gestures can get you positive points and what can cost you the selection. Here’s a list of Dos and Don’ts of participating in the GD. GROUP DISCUSSION Dos of participating in a GD: Listen to the subject carefully Put down your thoughts on a paper Initiate the discussion if you know the subject well Listen to others if you don’t know the subject Support you point with some facts and figures Make short contribution of 25-30 seconds 3-4 times Give others a chance to speak Speak politely and pleasantly. Respect contribution from other members. Disagree politely and agree with what is right. Summarize the discussion if the group has not reached a conclusion. Don’ts of participating in a Group Discussion Initiate the discussion if you do not have sufficient knowledge about the given topic. Over speak, intervene and snatch other’s chance to speak. Argue and shout during the GD Look at the evaluators or a particular group member Talk irrelevant things and distract the discussion Pose negative body gestures like touching the nose, leaning back on the chair, knocking the table with a pen etc. Mention erratic statistics. Display low self confidence with shaky voice and trembling hands. Daughters are more caring than sons Very few Indians at least will agree to this statement. In India, in most of the villages couples still pray for sons more than daughters. However, it is a known fact that daughters are more caring than sons. Common domestic issues in any family are over property. And who wants this property always? – The sons! Daughters try and keep family under one shelter. They have no greed of money. When parents are old, daughters become more responsible than sons. This is because before marriage they care of their own parents and after marriage they take care of their family. Hence the essence of responsibility never dies in daughters. Daughters are more understanding and tolerant when compared to sons. When it comes to traditions and social engagements, daughters follow them more. In most of the household domestic work, daughters always stand first to help. Having said above, it doesn’t mean that sons are not caring at all. Daughters are considered to be more caring because of the attachment with parents. Eventually the parents know that she won’t be staying with them for too long. End of the day it all depends on how the child is nurtured. If there is equality in the house, there can be no possible difference between a son and daughter. Parents don’t understand children. For Most of the times, children complain that their parents fail to understand them. The root cause behind this is “generation gap”. This was not so common in olden days. This was because women used to get married at an early age. Hence, the generation gap was as much as it is today. Today, most of the parents (both) are working. Hence, they cannot always fulfill emotional needs of the child. Parents should to understand that times have changed. Children today are quite open about everything. Thanks to internet, children are obviously more advanced. Parents need to understand that in order to survive competition children need to be aware of all advancements. Against Blaming the parents always is also not justified. With the advancement of technology and liberal ideas, children today tend to expect a lot. When a child is small, he expects to have the latest games. As he grows, he expects to have the latest bikes and so on. It is not always possible for parents to understand each need of their child. Thanks to media and television, Children today are more liberal. Awareness of almost all social issues is quite high. Children should at times understand that it’s unfair to expect parents to understand them always knowing that they belong to different generation. Eventually, it all depends on how the child is raised. If right from childhood, children are shown violence, divorce, financial glitches etc, they can’t be blamed. A child needs to be nurtured the right way. Women are good managers Gone the times when women used to sit at him only for domestic responsibilities. Even in India, people are becoming more liberal and more women are entering the corporate world. For It’s a known fact that women are more organized than men. Women anyway most of the time effectively handle all domestic responsibilities even in the financial domain. They are good managers at home. This definitely makes a difference when compared to men. Women are more focused and have better leadership skills. Women have better selling abilities when compared to men. Women have a more pleasing personality and convincing powers. Against Women have many other domestic responsibilities. They may not be able to handle so much stress. Women usually are more emotional. This can definitely affect their work and professional relationships. They may not be able to balance emotional and professional distances. Most women to reach at the top may just make misuse of certain laws for their rights. Women are known for their sacrificing and adjusting behavior. This is definitely not a trait of a good manager. Women tend to stretch and exaggerate a lot. This cannot be acceptable in work environment. In the history of many cultures, women have always surpassed men in all aspects. However, we must not forget that women are far more emotional than men. As long as the emotions don’t intrude in their work, women can definitely be better managers than men! Group Discussions (GD) are conducted by most B-schools as a part of their selection process. The purpose of conducting a GD is to check the candidate’s knowledge base, communication skills, team spirit and leadership skills. In a GD, a group of eight to 12 candidates are seated in a semi-circular/circular arrangement and are assigned a topic. They need to discuss this topic in detail, from various aspects, for 10 to 15 minutes. This discussion is observed by a jury panel, of not less than two persons, which then awards marks to each participant based on various parameters. Types of Group Discussion (GD) Topic based discussions Case study-based discussions. Topic-based group discussion: In a topic-based GD, candidates are given various topics that range from general knowledge to abstract issues to those involving incidents of importance. Candidates are expected to discuss and analyze the positives and negatives of the given topic, and then arrive at a decisive conclusion. In a group discussion, it is advised that candidates don’t take a rigid stance on any topic, without having examined the rationality of the topic from all angles. Making decisions or statements in a hurry or in anxiety, can lead to potential candidates losing out. Case study-based group discussion: Here, candidates are given a situation — a business, social, educational or political one — which involves decision-making to an extent, and they are asked to discuss the same with their co-participants and arrive at a solution amicably. Participants must not try to suppress their peers while making a point, because this can negatively reflect on their communication skills. Discussion based on abstract topics: It has been generally observed that potential candidates get worried about group discussions based on abstract topics, as these do not seem to make sense on first reading. For instance, ‘Red is Green’, is a fine example of an abstract topic that was once assigned to a group of students at a well-known business school. Now, let’s try to answer this: Is red really green or is it different? Since both colours, are totally different from one another, how can a potential candidate discuss this topic? Well, the trick here is to link whatever has been given in the topic to something that is tangible. Do red and green represent something in our daily lives or in proverbs or in thought processes? Of course they do. Red and green represent danger/safety, passion/envy, communism/ environmentalism and so on. Now having established the link between the topic and ideas that candidates are familiar with, they should build their arguments and present the same to the group. Knowledge-based topics assume that the candidate has some information on current issues of importance. Candidates should offer a balanced view on the topic and not take an extreme position unless they can back it with solid facts and examples. In a case study-based GD, the first thing a candidate must do is identify the protagonist in the situation. Once identified, the group should identify the underlying problem and then the possible solutions. While each of these discussion types needs to be handled differently, the basic skill set remains the same. A candidate should be well-informed about the topic and must come up with valid points that can help him or her in taking part in the discussion. Creating and practicing an ‘Idea Generation’ template will help candidates in generating points during the discussion. This template should be such that, it can be used for any topic that may be assigned to the candidate. A student’s communication (both verbal and non-verbal), with the group members during a discussion, must be polite. Lastly, candidates must always address their points to other members in the group and not to the panel members who are evaluating them. Conditional Sentences Type I, II, III Complete the sentences according to the basic rules for Conditional Sentences. It would be silly if we tried to walk there. I will watch the film only if the reviews are good. She'd have taken me to the station if her car hadn't broken down. If you don't ask , he won't help you. If it hadn't rained yesterday, we would have gone sailing. Will you look after their dog again if they go on holiday this year? Would you mind if I used your mobile? I would not have opened the mail if it had contained a virus. Even if I had a wet-suit, I wouldn't go scuba-diving. Would you have been that strict if you'd known the truth? Exceptions Complete the following sentences. Note that you might have to use other tenses (active/passive voice) than required in the basic rules. If I had more time, I would have come to your party yesterday. Give the book to Jane if you have read it. If you hadn't lost our flight tickets, we would be on our way to the Caribbean now. If you are having dinner right now, I'll come back later. If we had set off earlier, we wouldn't be in this traffic jam now. What would you do if you were accused of murder? If I hadn't eaten that much, I would not feel so sick now. We would take another route if they had not closed the road. She only sings if she's in a good mood. If she were sensible, she would not have asked that question, by which she offended him so much.
