Electronic Supplementary Material
Diet and Feeding Ecology of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Bulindi, Uganda: Foraging Strategies at the Forest–Farm Interface
Matthew R. McLennan
Table SI Diversity of the plant diet of unhabituated or semihabituated chimpanzees at 16 sites
Site
Country
Habitat
Study
length
Lopé
Kahuzi-Biega
Loango
Yealé
Ndoki
Mt. Assirik
Goualougo
Fongoli
Semliki
Nyungwe
Rubondo
Gishwati
Bulindi
Bwindi
La Belgique
Bafing
Gabon
DRC
Gabon
Côte d’Ivoire
Rep. Congo
Senegal
Rep. Congo
Senegal
Uganda
Rwanda
Tanzania
Rwanda
Uganda
Uganda
Cameroon
Mali
Lowland rain forest
Montane forest
Lowland rain forest
Medium-altitude forest
Lowland rain forest
Savanna–woodland
Lowland rain forest
Savanna–woodland
Riverine forest–savanna
Montane forest
Medium-altitude forest
Montane forest
Riverine forest–farmland
Montane forest
Lowland rain forest
Savanna–woodland
96 mo
92 mo
52 mo
1997–2001
1989–1992
47 mo
46 mo
38 mo
3 yr
3 yr
19 mo
15 mo
13 mo
12 mo
12 mo
10 mo
No. of
plant
food
items
161
137
—
77
114
60
158
60
36
—
46
—
96
60
—
40
No. of
plant
sp.
No. of
fruit sp.
Mean no. of
fruit sp. per
samplea
No. fecal
samples
132
104
—
61
108
43
116
47
—
—
46
—
82
32
80
—
111
60
97
56
100
34
—
32
13
37
43
23
63
30
68
—
2.7
2.7
1.7
—
—
—
2.3
—
—
1.7
3
2.5
3.8
2.1
3.3
—
1854
8070
390
—
214
—
497
1007
72
882
147
1381
1436
187
135
71
Reference
Tutin and Fernandez (1993)
Yamagiwa and Basabose (2006)
Head et al. (2011)
Humle (2011)
Kuroda et al. (1996)
McGrew et al. (1988)
Morgan and Sanz (2006)
Pruetz (2006)
Hunt and McGrew (2002)
Gross-camp et al. (2009)
Moscovice et al. (2007)
Chancellor et al. (2012)
This study
Stanford and Nkurunungi (2003)
Deblauwe (2009)
Duvall (2008)
Diets were examined using a combination of indirect (fecal sampling and/or feeding trace evidence) and direct (observation) methods; the relative
contribution of each method varies among studies. The following information is given, where reported: number of plant food items, number of
plant species eaten, number of fruit species eaten, mean number of fruit species per fecal sample, and number of samples inspected; a dash
indicates the information was not reported. The number of feeding traces examined or feeding observations made is not shown because few studies
give these details. Sites are listed in descending order of study duration. The Bulindi data are in boldface.
a
Values for Kahuzi-Biega and Rubondo are the monthly mean and the median, respectively.
References
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