Frances Celine J Tan
1.) This chapter considers how technology should be conceptualized. What are the advantages of
thinking about technology as the instrumentation of human action?
The advantages thinking about technologies as the instrument of human actions are:
a.) It keeps humans as the agent of actions.
b.) It allows us to focus on the contribution of the instrumentation to the character of human
actions.
2.) What is captured, and what is lost, when certain forms of IT are conceptualized as robots and
when human beings are conceptualized as cybrogs?
We (or at least some of us) are cybrogs, because we live our lives seamlessly and intimately
intertwined with technology; our lives depend on energy, transportation and sanitation systems.
Our being cybrogs, is much about the technologies that surrounds us are those implanted in or
around our bodies. Hence it is not far that technology is the instrument of human action.
3.) How does the scope of communication of the internet differ from other forms of
communication such as telephone, television, newspaper, and talking face-to-face?
In today internet became the vast communication, compared to the snail mail, telephone,
television, radios services. When we communicate, we have a limited range of communication
device that being used.
Such that some of the location does not have access to the internet, television and to the radio ,
but the forms of writing is very widely used even it is an old ways to reach people and to let
them know about some updates or other things you want to share with a specific person.
The tradition way of writing never fades away even there’s a lot of new forms of the technology,
the fact that some of the recent complete technology, seems other people can’t afford to have
it.
The telephone has a limited range that captures wave signals also some of the people do not
want to talk over the phone the fear of the phone patch tapping and some other valued things
to be considered. The television also capture wave signals so it can transmit the video or
television content also sometimes it is not appropriate to le t other people know the things that
is not with in their capacity of knowledge. The newspaper also has a limited capacity to
communicate not all people can read the article in the newspaper and also not all areas were
being delivered by the newspaper because for some reason of the transportation. Lastly the
face-to-face communication have a wide range most people like the tradition face-to-face talk
because people can see the facial emotion and the presence of the people in the situation or
other things that counts to the people .
4.) Why is it not accurate to say that communication on the internet is anonymous? What is
different of r distinctive about the identity conditions on the internet when compares to
identity face-to-face?
The communication on the internet is anonymous, because anybody can make several account
that is the same with the person you mostly to communicate just to get some other information
that later can be used against you or to destroy your reputation to other people.
The distinctive identity came from two elements:
a.) Mediation- internet communication is mediated through a vast sociotechnical system.
b.) The range of identity condition that are available.
Also the communication I the internet is variability, as such many people can make many forms
of character.
Another thing to be consider is there is a gap between persons and the machines.
5.) What is reproducibility, and why is it significant?
The reproducibility in the internet is significant because of what it allows, they endure in the
sense that they exist in machines and remain there unless and until they are being deleted by
the creator.
The reproducibility expands the scope of the IT-instrumented communication in the time and
place, but the expansion of scope means less control of written words by those who write them.
The endurance is a default position in the internet because internet connection if you do
nothing, your communications continue to be available; at least until service provider to
disconnect or to discontinue them. The endurance also disconnects the possibilities between
the words and people, it make the person to copy the words of another person and change
them and use then as their own words.
6.) Did anyone do anything wrong in the virtual rape case? If so, who? What was the wrong
doing? Develop analogies between the behavior in this case and other kinds of behavior that
occur offline.
The controller of Bungle’s didn’t just violate the norms with regards to the level of violence in
the game but he/she access the control of unauthorized of accessing the game. It violated the
social and technological norms embedded in the software and the thinking and behavior of the
players.
This also can say that even it is offline, it can harming to the other people by showing the
disrespect to the other player which the player is strongly attached to the avatar that they
played in the game because the players might get offended for what he/she have done in the
character in the game.
7.) Explain the statement that social networking site shape, and are shaped by, friendship.
According to Aristotle, that true friendship care about each other in a special way. Friends are
those who you care about for their own sake. We care about them and their well being not
because we may benefit from the friendship or because their good may somehow promote your
good.
The social networking site shape and shaped by friendship. A simple explanation means; that to
have a friends list / contacts at social networking site to be able to share the things you want to
share or any updates that you want to let know , you should have a friends that is register on
the same social networking site.
By this means your site is shaped by friends lists that you know for a long time or simply in a
group where you share same interest, same common friends and other reasons why to be
connected to the social networking site page of others.
8.) What characteristic of IT (and the Internet) change the environment for plagiarism and
plagiarism detection?
The change in the environment for plagiarism and the plagiarism detection is the integrity and
the trust of the student-teacher relationship and vice versa. It is gargantuan that we can find any
article in just one click and the function of cut-copy-paste that makes it easy to do. The
institution has a goal for the student that they promise to their student once they have
graduated from the institution they will master that they have learned from their lesson that
later on be applied on the real life corporate situation.
The plagiarism detection has two ways to detect plagiarism by the students/writers/ researchers
and other related field that needs some information. A) it checks the paper against a published
materials and against the unpublished and being owned and do not cite the where did they get
the materials. B) It checks the papers that store in the data base of the company that finds
matches between texts.
By this means, it shows that the user that they don’t have trust to the people who have created
a report / written papers and so on , because they have to see if is owned or not and shows
suspicions that the student in later part would feel unconfident for their works.
9.) Identify and explain the four arguments made to show that the Internet is a democratic
technology.
The four arguments;
1.) Allows individuals to be producers and distributors of information.
This means that the individual can create article, blogs and other related stuff of
information that can be widely distributed thru the internet and be read and used
the idea or the context by other people.
2.) Provides forums that are mediated differently that mass media.
The topic can create a forum, that later part that can have a malicious issue to the
public and to other individuals. Hence the internet can be access by many people
and individuals that came from different walks of life.
3.) Facilitates access to many more sources of information.
In just click to search button, it can have many answer to the query of the person.
Also there is some information to that human that is questionable, that can be
found to the internet and give more idea to a person about it.
4.) Facilitates the formation of associations that are independent of geographic space.
It can binds the independent of geographic space in our world because it lets the
users know what’s happening or what’s in the geographic location, so that people
are vigilant to it and have an specific action .
10.) Do any of the four arguments in question#9 hold up to critical scrutiny? Explain which
argument you think holds up the best. Do you think that this best argument is convincing?
The Facilitation of access to many more sources of information. This is a critical scrutiny, like
“MR.GOOGLE search dot com” , many people can post a thing that the search engine matches
the key word or phrase that the user has typed in the text box. Hence the engine might pull out
or display some misleading links or answer to the query of the users. Let us remember that
world wide web can be access by any people and also can post any topic that sometimes it does
not have right content like ”Wikipedia” an open source of date information that many people
can edit or contribute.
As you can see there are many sites that contain information that is fully accessible to the
people but there is a fee to it, so some people would rather seek an information source that is
free. I would conclude that there is some free information site that has a wrong content from
the users query.