Computer Lab - Rocks and Minerals
2013
“How Are Minerals and Rocks Different? - Minerals are defined as naturally occurring
inorganic solids, which possess an orderly internal structure and a definite chemical composition:
10.
11.
12.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
24.
____
____
is:
Gold is a mineral.
Synthetic diamonds are minerals.
Minerals must be solid.
Quartz is considered a mineral.
Petroleum is a mineral
Animal bone is a mineral.
Ice is a mineral.
Granite is a mineral.
Steel is a mineral.
[First Q is on p 9]
A rock can be defined simply as a mixture of one or more minerals:
Since a rock is an aggregate, or mixture, do the minerals retain their individual
properties? _____
Give one example of a rock which is made of many minerals: _________________
Give one example of a rock which is made of just one mineral: _________________
“Important Mineral Properties” - Mineral Luster Matching [p 26 - 37]
13. Pyrite Crystals [p 32]
A.
Metallic Luster
14. Quartz Crystals
B.
Non-metallic Glassy Luster
15. Limonite
C.
Non-metallic Earthy Luster
16. Bauxite
D.
Non-metallic Pearly Luster
17. Copper
18. Talc
19. What color is the mineral quartz?
a)
colorless
b)
brownish yellow
c)
purple
d)
smoky gray
e)
all of the above
20. Which is less variable and therefore more useful?
a)
color b)
streak
Hardness Matching [p 49]
21. Unable to scratch sample with fingernail,
A.
> 5.5
but sample doesn’t scratch glass. [p 49]
B.
< 5.5 [Don’t use!!]
22. Sample scratched by fingernail
C.
between 2.5 & 5.5
23. Sample scratches glass
D.
< 2.5
Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of ___________ bonding.
25. [p 60] Using the computer goniometer, the cleavage angle measured for calcite is:
a)
60˚ b)
75˚ c)
90˚ d)
120˚
26. [p 62] Using the computer goniometer, the cleavage angle measured for hornblende
a)
60˚
b)
75˚
c)
90˚
d)
120˚
27. How many cleavage faces does the gray cube have? ___ [p 65] Do they meet at 90˚?
_____
28. How many cleavage faces does the tan rhomb have ___ [p 68] Do they meet at 90˚?
_____
____
____
____
____
____
34.
Cleavage Matching [p 71 - 75]
29. Muscovite
A.
1 direction (basal)
30. Halite
B.
2 directions
31. Feldspar
C.
3 directions (cubic or rhombohedral)
32. Fluorite
D.
4 directions (octahedral)
33. Calcite
Fluorite forms _________ - shaped crystals, but has ___ directions of cleavage. [1
2 3 or
4?]
35.
_______________ form is the external expression of a mineral’s arrangement of atoms.
Cleavage is the tendency to ____________ along planes of weakness. [p 77 - 78]
T or F 36. All minerals have a crystal form.
T or F 37. All minerals exhibit cleavage.
Fracture Picture Matching [p 81 - 86]
____ 38. smooth, curved surface (“broken glass”)
a)
irregular (uneven) fracture
____ 39. breaks into splinters
b)
conchoidal fracture
____ 40. fracture with no regular pattern
c)
fibrous (splintery) fracture
____ 41. Serpentine Asbestos
____ 42. Quartz
____ 43. Gypsum
Specific Gravity Problems - Follow “Click ‘n Drag” instructions on screen & fill in data:
Problem 44 - Mass of Galena = ________ g ; Mass of equal volume of water = _________ g
[p 90 - 100]
S.G of Galena = _______
Does vol of overflow = vol of mineral? _____
Problem 45 - Mass of Quartz = ________ g ; Mass of equal volume of water = _________ g
[p 100 - 109]
S.G of Quartz = _______
Does vol of overflow = vol of mineral? _____
____ 46. Which mineral has a higher S.G. ?
a) Galena b) Quartz
Special Property Matching [p 111 - 114]
____ 47. Salty Taste
A.
Magnetite
____ 48. Greasy Feel
B.
Halite
____ 49. Magnetic
C.
Calcite
____ 50. Fizzes with acid (HCl)
D.
Graphite
Physical Property Matching [p 115 - 122]
____ 51. Appearance of light reflected from a mineral’s surface
a)
fracture
____ 52. The most obvious visible characteristic of a mineral
b)
cleavage
____ 52. The color of a mineral in its powdered form is called:
c)
color
____ 53. The measure of a mineral’s resistance to scratching:
d)
streak
____ 54. Tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonds
e)
luster
____ 55. Minerals that do not exhibit cleavage are said to:
f)
hardness
____ 56.
____ 57.
Minerals that break into smooth, curved surfaces resembling broken glass have
[ a) fibrous
b)
cleavage
c)
conchoidal ]
fracture.
Minerals that break into splinters have:
[ a) fibrous
b)
cleavage
c)
conchoidal ]
fracture.