R E S E A R C H
BIOSIS
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email: melbourne@biosisresearch.com.au
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email: ballarat@biosisresearch.com.au
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email: canberra@biosisresearch.com.au
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Wangaratta VIC 3677
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email: wangaratta@biosisresearch.com.au
BIOSIS RESEARCH Pty. Ltd. A.B.N. 65 006 175 097
Natural & Cultural Heritage Consultants
.
Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
Report to Department of
Sustainability and Environment
TIME STAMPING PROJECT:
Vegetation mapping and
condition assessment
5 December 2011
prepared by
Kylie Payze Vanessa Westcott
Project no. 12631
Document Information:
Version/date
Internal
Date sent
review by
to client
Draft version 01
SGM
11/11/11
File name: 12631.Time.Stamping.Report.FIN03.05.12.11
© Biosis Research Pty. Ltd.
This document is and shall remain the property of Biosis Research Pty. Ltd. The document may only be used for the purposes for which it was
commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of
the Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.
Biosis Research Pty. Ltd. has completed this assessment in accordance with the relevant federal, state and local legislation and current industry best
practice. The company accepts no liability for any damages or loss incurred as a result of reliance placed upon the report content or for any purpose
other than that for which it was intended
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
CONTENTS
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... IV
REPORT OVERVIEW................................................................................................................. V
1.0
INTRODUCTION. ......................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Scope of Assessment ................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Study Site .................................................................................................................... 6
2.0
METHODS ................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Terminology ................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Field Survey ................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Native Vegetation (habitat hectare assessment) .......................................................... 7
2.2.2 Incidental records for significant species ...................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Mapping ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Qualifications.............................................................................................................. 9
3.0
RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Access Issues .......................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Flora .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.1 Significant flora species.............................................................................................. 12
3.3 Habitat Hectare Assessment ................................................................................... 12
3.3.1 Scattered trees ........................................................................................................... 12
3.3.2 Vegetation in patches ................................................................................................. 12
3.3.3 Ecological Vegetation Classes ................................................................................... 12
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................... 23
GLOSSARY & ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................ 24
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 27
APPENDIX 1 ............................................................................................................................. 28
DSE Vegetation Assessment Methodology ..................................................................... 28
APPENDIX 2 ............................................................................................................................. 29
Flora Results....................................................................................................................... 29
APPENDIX 3 ............................................................................................................................. 30
EVC Benchmarks ............................................................................................................... 30
FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. 65
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Biosis Research acknowledges the contribution of the following people and
organisations in preparing this report:
Department of Sustainability and Environment
• Jeremy Aarons
• Adam Muir
• Angela Robb
Biosis Research
• Nicky Forge, Sera Cutler, Victoria Allen, Vanessa Westcott, Rohan Simkin, Isabella
Amouzandeh, Jessica Davies, Peter Clementson, Katie Stevenson and Catherine
Costello for field assessments.
• Nicky Forge and Sera Cutler for project management.
• Jessica Davies for database searches and data entry.
• Katie Stevenson and Rosemary Moore for property access coordination.
• Sally Mitchell and Stephen Flack for mapping.
• Stephen Mueck for report review.
Others
• Melanie Birtchnell for field assessments.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
REPORT OVERVIEW
This report was prepared by Biosis Research Pty. Ltd. and commissioned by the
Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE). Information gathered
from the assessments is intended to provide certainty for offset requirements
within the Urban Growth Boundary.
Vegetation Quality Assessments were conducted between 6 January 2011 and 20
May 2011. The survey methodologies used to map native vegetation in relation
to the Victorian native vegetation management framework follow standard
methods provided by the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE
2004, 2010). Any limitations to the findings of the site assessments are outlined
in Section 2.3 of this report.
The digital data were lodged with DSE and subject to DSE’s quality assurance
and audit procedures. The detailed data including habitat scores are available on
the DSE website as part of the time-stamping data set and are not included in this
report.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
Biosis Research Pty. Ltd. was commissioned by the Department of Sustainability
and Environment (DSE) to undertake vegetation mapping and condition
assessments for the Time Stamping Project. The purpose of the project is to
assess the native vegetation on properties where landholders had requested a site
survey. These requests were in response to a letter sent from DSE in October
2010 detailing the Department’s current understanding of the extent of native
vegetation on the property. Areas surveyed are within Melbourne’s new Urban
Growth areas (added by planning amendment VC68 in August 2010) and include
Melbourne West, Melbourne North West, Melbourne North and Melbourne
South (Figures 1-4).
1.2
Scope of Assessment
The objectives of the investigation at each property are to:
• Conduct a site assessment to identify and map Ecological Vegetation Classes
(EVCs) and Degraded Treeless Vegetation (DTV).
• Undertake a Vegetation Quality Assessment of all habitat zones of native
vegetation.
• Undertake an assessment of all indigenous scattered trees.
• Map all incidental significant flora records (national or state significance).
• Provide results and mapping electronically in HabitAs/GIS format.
1.3
Study Site
The Time Stamping project includes 2,155.20 ha of land within areas identified
as Melbourne West, Melbourne North West, Melbourne North and Melbourne
South. A total of 89 properties were surveyed, including 46 in Melbourne West,
31 in Melbourne North West, 5 in Melbourne North and 7 in Melbourne South.
An additional 878.17 ha of land on 16 properties was not surveyed, as
landholders decided they did not wish to proceed with the site assessments. In
some of these cases it is understood the landowner had decided to accept the
DSE mapping for their site. In other cases the landowner was conducting their
own native vegetation assessment to submit to DSE directly for this project.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
2.0
METHODS
2.1
Terminology
Common and scientific names for flora follow the Flora Information System (FIS
2011 version) which is curated by DSE. The conservation status of species was
determined from their listing in DSE advisory lists (DSE 2005); their listing
under the FFG Act; and/or their listing under the EPBC Act.
Classification and naming of native vegetation mapping units for planning
purposes in Victoria follows a typology developed by DSE in which Ecological
Vegetation Classes (EVCs) are the primary level of classification. An EVC
contains one or more plant communities and represents a grouping of broadly
similar environments (www.dse.vic.gov.au).
Additional terminology used within this report is defined in the glossary and
abbreviations section contained at the end of this document.
2.2
Field Survey
A team of two botanists traversed the sites on foot and by vehicle over the period
6 January – 20 May 2011.
Field assessment and mapping methods were undertaken according to Time
Stamping Project 2010/11: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
procedures (DSE 2010); and in line with the DSE Vegetation Quality Assessment
Manual (DSE 2004).
Landholders had requested a site survey because they challenged the modelled
extent of native vegetation within their properties provided by DSE. Field
assessments were conducted without prior examination of this DSE modelled
data. Therefore the mapping also provided an independent assessment of the
accuracy of this modelled dataset.
2.2.1 Native Vegetation (habitat hectare assessment)
Native vegetation within the site was mapped and assessed in relation to the
Victorian vegetation management framework according to standard methods
provided by DSE (2004). Vegetation quality of identified patches was assessed
using the DSE Vegetation Quality Assessment Manual (DSE 2004). A patch is
defined by DSE (2007) as an area where at least 25% of the total understorey
plant cover is native (excluding bare ground), or a group of at least three trees
where the canopy cover is at least 20%. For each patch identified, a habitat
hectare assessment was conducted and habitat score calculated. A summary of
this method is provided in Appendix 1.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
All areas that did not meet the required thresholds to qualify as a patch, but
which contained at least one native flora species were mapped as Degraded
Treeless Vegetation (DTV). Typically this included cropped sites, cultivated
areas sown with exotic pasture species and other areas dominated by introduced
species. Seasonal wetlands are an exception to this as they are not generally
dominated by native species when dry. Following a recent flooding event it may
also be difficult to observe species present. During these conditions, seasonally
inundated wetlands are allocated a default habitat score as outlined by DSE
(2007). All areas that did not meet the required threshold and did not contain any
native understorey vegetation were mapped as Non-native Vegetation (NNV).
For the purposes of this assessment all artificial structures, roads and buildings
>5 m diameter were excluded. Native vegetation occurring on an artificial
structure with a specific purpose such as a farm dam, dam wall or drain was also
excluded from the assessment as no offset will be required (DSE 2009).
Indigenous canopy trees were assessed and mapped in accordance with
Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework (NRE 2002 – the
Framework) and the relevant EVC benchmark for the definition of ‘Large Old
Tree’. The number of Very Large Old Trees (1.25 x benchmark size), Large Old
Trees (1 x benchmark size), Medium Old Trees (0.75 x benchmark size) and
Small Trees (<0.75 x benchmark size) was recorded within all patches of
remnant native vegetation.
Trees in areas which do not meet the criteria to qualify as a patch were assessed
as ‘scattered trees’. For scattered trees, assessors identified and recorded the
location of all individual indigenous trees, including the species, diameter at
breast height and subsequent size class.
High threat perennial grassy weed cover was mapped in categories of ≤25 or >
25% for all native vegetation patches.
The Landscape Context Modelling Data layer provided in the Biodiversity
Interactive Map 3.1 was utilised to assign landscape scores for each patch of
native vegetation within the Investigation Area. To ensure that the most up to
date landscape context information for each patch could accurately be applied,
landscape scores were reviewed on a patch scale and revised where appropriate
based on ground-truthed knowledge.
2.2.2 Incidental records for significant species
For any individuals or populations of rare or threatened species observed during
field assessments, the data collected included a GPS waypoint and an estimate of
population numbers.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
2.2.3 Mapping
Mapping data were collected using a portable computer connected to a standard
Global Positioning System (GPS) and databased for mapping with the software
HabitAs developed by DSE. In addition, other GPS data were collected and field
maps / aerial photographs annotated.
A minimum patch size of at least 5 m diameter was used to map all remnant
vegetation, DTV and NNV. Mapping data collected are displayed at a scale of
1:5,000.
Recent aerial photography was used as base data to overlay HabitAs data. This
data was then checked for locational accuracy and completeness. Report maps
showing an overview of each study area were produced using ArcMap version 10
and are presented using GDA94 with the MGA Zone 55 projection.
The digital data were lodged with DSE and subject to DSE’s quality assurance
and audit procedures. The detailed data including habitat scores are available on
the DSE website as part of the time-stamping data set and are not included in this
report.
2.3
Qualifications
Ecological assessments provide a sampling of the flora at a given time and
season. It is always possible, indeed highly probable, that some species are not
detected during survey. Some plant species are dormant and/or lack flowering or
fruiting material at certain times of year, making detection and/or identification
difficult. Environmental conditions such as drought, grazing and fire will also
affect the survey results. In many cases these factors do not present a significant
limitation to a habitat hectares assessment of a site.
The following limitations apply to the current assessment:
•
Although this project aims to ‘time stamp’ the native vegetation, we
acknowledge that the condition of vegetation observed during our survey
is likely to change over time and in response to seasonal and other
environmental conditions. However we are confident that our results
accurately reflect the condition of the native vegetation at the time of the
assessment. All surveys were undertaken by a botanist experienced in
conducting habitat hectare assessments in accordance with Victoria’s
native vegetation management framework and registered as ‘Competent”
on DSE’s Vegetation Quality Assessment Competency register.
•
The assessment was conducted over a range of seasonal conditions which
include both optimal and sub-optimal times for survey. As such, many
seasonally visible species are likely to have been overlooked with a single
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
site visit. In particular, the high biomass load in grasslands has made
visibility poor. In addition, agricultural areas are often heavily grazed
making detection and/or identification of certain species and estimation
of life form cover difficult.
•
Inaccessible areas such as steep escarpments made it difficult to assess
an entire remnant patch in some habitat zones. This occurred on two
properties. In these situations we were advised by DSE (Angela Robb,
pers. comm.) to survey at least 10% of remnant patches where vegetation
cover is homogenous and extrapolate these results over the remaining
patch.
•
Incidental records of significant flora and fauna were noted when they
were observed during the habitat hectares assessment. Such observations
are likely to underestimate the population sizes or distribution of these
species, many of which are cryptic or only seasonally visible.
•
Field mapping is conducted using hand-held (uncorrected) GPS units and
aerial photo interpretation. The accuracy of this mapping is therefore
subject to the accuracy of the GPS units (manufacturer states ±15 m but
generally ±2–5 m) and dependent on the limitations of aerial photo
resolution, rectification and registration. As such, these points should not
be relied on for survey grade design purposes.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
3.0
RESULTS
3.1
Access Issues
DSE supplied contact details of landowners who had requested a site assessment
to review the native vegetation mapping for their property. This was a result of
the submission process following the DSE mail out to landowners in October –
November 2010.
All landholders were given a courtesy phone call prior to the site assessments to
organise access to the property. Although landholders had requested the surveys
and access had previously been approved, some landholders decided not to
proceed with the site assessment. In some cases this was determined during our
initial phone call. On other occasions, several calls were required to determine
that a landholder had changed their mind. A few situations also arose where
access had been organised however after arriving at the property to undertake the
survey the landholder decided against proceeding with the site assessment. In
instances where we were unable to establish contact with the landholder,
properties were considered to have had access denied.
A total of 16 properties from the list provided by DSE, which included 878.17 ha
of land, were not surveyed. In some of these cases it is understood the
landowner had decided to accept the DSE mapping for their site. In other cases
the landowner was conducting their own native vegetation assessment to submit
to DSE directly for this project.
One property (Prop PFI 52553248) appeared to be two separate land holdings
owned by different landholders despite being listed under one Prop PFI. As we
were unable to establish whether access was approved for the entire property,
only part of the property was surveyed. We also understand that this property
had been previously surveyed for the Growth Areas Authority and that DSE is
using data from those earlier surveys in the time-stamping data set rather than the
data that appears in this report, to be consistent with other properties that had
been previously surveyed.
In addition, vehicle access was restricted to all or part of some properties which
slowed the surveys considerably. This occurred at the request of landholders, or
was due to unsuitable driving conditions such as boggy and rocky paddocks,
physical barriers such as rivers, or gates that were unable to be unlocked.
On some properties, particularly in the Melbourne North West area, steep terrain
prevented access by vehicle and on foot. To undertake a vegetation quality
assessment within inaccessible areas, at least 10% of the vegetation was surveyed
and these results were extrapolated over the remaining patch (see Section 2.3).
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
Some areas outside the Urban Growth Boundary were not mapped where access
constraints made it time consuming, as this was outside the project study area.
3.2
Flora
3.2.1 Significant flora species
During the site assessments, incidental records of three species of national
significance (Matted Flax-lily Dianella amoena, Pale-flower Crane’s-bill
Geranium Sp. 3 and Spiny Rice-flower Pimelea spinescens subsp. spinescens)
and ten species of state significance (Arching Flax-lily Dianella aff. longifolia
(Benambra), Small Scurf-pea Cullen parvum, Tough Scurf-pea Cullen tenax,
Pale Spike-sedge Eleocharis pallens, Pale-Swamp Everlasting Helichrysum sp.
aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps), Austral Tobacco Nicotiana suaveolens,
Plains Joyweed Alternanthera sp. 1 (Plains), Slender Bindweed Convolvulus
angustissima subsp. omnigracilis, Slender Tick-trefoil Desmodium varians and
Fragrant Saltbush Rhagodia parabolica) were recorded (Appendix 2, Table
A2.1).
3.3
Habitat Hectare Assessment
Habitat hectare assessments were conducted from 6 January – 20 May 2011.
3.3.1 Scattered trees
The properties surveyed contain 141 scattered indigenous trees within areas of
DTV, including 48 Very Large Old Trees (VLOTs), 56 Large Old Trees (LOTs),
16 Medium Old Trees (MOTs) and 21 Small Trees (STs).
3.3.2 Vegetation in patches
A total of 482 habitat zones (or native vegetation polygons), consisting of 900.00
ha, were mapped within 78 properties.
For EVCs that are naturally treeless, the site condition scores were standardised
(as appropriate) to maintain the relative weighting of site condition and
landscape scores (DSE 2004).
3.3.3 Ecological Vegetation Classes
Based on the current assessment, the Time Stamping properties surveyed support
900.1 ha of native vegetation, comprising seventeen EVCs over the two
bioregions.
Three EVCs were recorded within the Gippsland Plain Bioregion:
•
Swampy Riparian Woodland
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
•
Tall Marsh
•
Swampy Woodland
Due to the reduction in area of occupancy since 1750 the above EVCs are
endangered within the Gippsland Plain Bioregion (www.dse.vic.gov.au).
Fourteen EVCs were recorded within the Victoria Volcanic Plain Bioregion:
•
Plains Grassy Woodland
•
Rocky Chenopod Woodland
•
Creekline Grassy Woodland
•
Lignum Swamp
•
Plains Grassy Wetland
•
Heavier-soils Plains Grassland
•
Low-rainfall Plains Grassland
•
Grassy Woodland
•
Riparian Scrub
•
Plains Sedgy Wetland
•
Stony Knoll Shrubland
•
Creekline Tussock Grassland
•
Tall Marsh
•
Escarpment Shrubland
Due to the reduction in area of occupancy since 1750 the EVC Rocky Chenopod
Woodland is vulnerable within the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion and the
remaining EVCs are endangered within the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
(www.dse.vic.gov.au).
The benchmarks for the EVCs recorded within the Time Stamping properties are
provided in Appendix 3 and a description of each is provided below.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
Gippsland Plain Bioregion
Swampy Riparian Woodland
A total of 0.95 ha of Swampy Riparian Woodland (Gippsland Plain) was mapped
on a single Time Stamping property (Prop PFI 637557) in the Melbourne South
area.
This example of Swampy Riparian Woodland is restricted to narrow unnamed
drainage line in Clyde North. The tree canopy comprises Swamp Gum
Eucalyptus ovata and the sparse shrub layer consists of scattered Tree Violet
Melicytus dentatus and Hedge Wattle Acacia paradoxa. The ground layer
consists of Cumbungi Typha sp. and Common Spike-sedge Eleocharis acuta
with other scattered indigenous species including Slender Wallaby-grass
Austrodanthonia racemosa, Small Loosestrife Lythrum hyssopifolia and
Grassland Wood-sorrel Oxalis perennans.
Introduced plants are abundant. They include woody species such as Sweet Briar
Rosa rubiginosa, Blackberry Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. and Hawthorn Crataegus
monogyna, and herbaceous species such as Toowoomba Canary-grass Phalaris
aquatica, Cape Weed Arctotheca calendula, Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare and
Cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata.
This EVC is endangered in the Gippsland Plain bioregion and has a final habitat
score of 24.
Tall Marsh
A total of 0.22 ha of Tall Marsh (Gippsland Plain) was mapped on a single Time
Stamping property (Prop PFI 637557) in the South Melbourne area.
Tall Marsh occupies two sections of a narrow unnamed drainage line in Clyde
North. The EVC is characterised by the dominance of Cumbungi and Common
Reed Phragmites australis. Other native species include Common Spike-sedge
and Water Ribbons Triglochin procera.
Introduced plants are uncommon and include Toowoomba Canary-grass and
Water Couch Paspalum distichum.
This EVC is endangered in the Gippsland Plain bioregion and has a final habitat
score of 22.
Swampy Woodland
A total of 0.50 ha of Swampy Woodland (Gippsland Plain) was mapped on a
single Time Stamping property (Prop PFI 634204) in the South Melbourne area.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
This EVC occurs in two patches in Clyde North, east of the South Gippsland
Highway. The tree canopy comprises Narrow-leaf Peppermint Eucalyptus
radiata with Manna Gum Eucalytpus viminalis also present. The shrub layer
consists of indigenous species such as Prickly Tea-tree Leptospermum
continentale, Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia and Blackwood Acacia
melanoxylon. Common species present in the ground layer include Austral
Bracken Pteridium esculentum, Flax Lily Dianella sp. and Weeping Grass
Microlaena stipoides.
Typical weeds included Yorkshire Fog Holcus lanatus, Black Nightshade
Solanum nigrum, Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum and Panic Veldtgrass Ehrharta erecta.
This EVC is endangered in the Gippsland Plain bioregion and has a final habitat
score ranging from 23 – 29.
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Plains Grassy Woodland
A total of 45.81 ha of Plains Grassy Woodland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was
mapped on six Time Stamping properties in the Melbourne North West and
Melbourne North area.
This EVC occurs in eleven patches within Sunbury, Wollert and Woodstock.
Plains Grassy Woodland is typically characterised by the dominance of River
Red-gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis over an understorey of scattered indigenous
grasses including Slender Wallaby-grass, Brown-back Wallaby-grass
Austrodanthonia duttoniana, spear grasses Austrostipa spp., and Chloris truncata
Windmill Grass, as well as scattered indigenous forbs such as Clammy
Goosefoot Chenopodium pumilio, Small Loosestrife, Grassland Wood-sorrel,
Kidney-weed Dichondra repens and Variable Willow-herb Epilobium
billardierianum.
Introduced species are common and include Spear Thistle, Chilean Needle-grass
Nassella neesiana, Toowoomba Canary-grass, Flatweed Hypochaeris radicata
and Artichoke Thistle.
Plains Grassy Woodland is endangered within the Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion and has a final habitat score ranging from 9 – 41.
Rocky Chenopod Woodland
A total of 4.81 ha of Rocky Chenopod Woodland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was
mapped on a single Time Stamping property (Prop PFI 237194) in the
Melbourne North West area.
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
This example of Rocky Chenopod Woodland occurs in a single patch on an
escarpment alongside Jacksons Creek, Sunbury. The tree canopy consists of
Yellow Gum Eucalyptus leucoxylon and Grey Box Eucalyptus microcarpa. The
shrub layer consists of scattered Tree Violet, Large Kangaroo Apple Solanum
laciniatum and Lightwood Acacia implexa. The ground layer is diverse and
includes the native species such as Nodding Saltbush Einadia nutans, Wallaby
Grass Austrodanthonia sp. and Berry Saltbush Atriplex semibaccata.
Introduced plants are uncommon and include African Box-thorn, Artichoke
Thistle, Galenia Galenia pubescens, Blackberry and Sweet Briar.
Rocky Chenopod Woodland is vulnerable within the Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion and has a final habitat score of 74.
Creekline Grassy Woodland
A total of 12.50 ha of Creekline Grassy Woodland (Victorian Volcanic Plain)
was mapped on six Time Stamping properties in the Melbourne North West and
Melbourne North area.
This EVC occurs in eight patches along Jacksons Creek and Merri Creek. The
tree canopy (River Red-gum) is approximately 15 m in height. The shrub layer
consists of Tree Violet, Blackwood, River Bottlebrush Callistemon sieberi,
Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum and Sweet Bursaria Bursaria spinosa.
The ground layer includes indigenous grasses such as wallaby-grasses
Austrodanthonia spp., spear-grasses, Weeping Grass and Common Reed, and
indigenous forbs such as Grassland Wood-sorrel, Slender Dock Rumex brownii,
Jersey Cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum, Small Loosestrife and Yellow
Rush-lily Trichoryne elatior.
Introduced plants are common to abundant. They include Couch Cynodon
dactylon, Blackberry, Toowoomba Canary-grass and African Box-thorn.
Creekline Grassy Woodland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion and has a final habitat score ranging from 24 – 71.
Lignum Swamp
A total of 4.77 ha of Lignum Swamp (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was mapped on
a single Time Stamping property (Prop PFI 50268220) in the Melbourne West
area.
This example of Lignum Swamp occurs in a single patch to the west of Leakes
Road, Rockbank. The patch has a high diversity of indigenous herbaceous
species including Common Nardoo Marsilea drummondii, Common Spikesedge, Poison Lobelia Lobelia pratioides, Creeping Knotweed Persicaria
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
prostrata, Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Amphibromus nervosus and Star Fruit
Damasonium minus. Tangled Lignum Muehlenbeckia florulenta is also present
with a low cover due to stock grazing within the patch.
Introduced species include Artichoke Thistle, Spear Thistle, Serrated Tussock
Nassella trichotoma, Toowoomba Canary-grass and Bathurst Burr Xanthium
spinosum.
This patch of Lignum Swamp was highly disturbed due to spoil dumping and
earth works in the local area.
Lignum Swamp is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion and has
a final habitat score of 43.44.
Plains Grassy Wetland
A total of 20.48 ha of Plains Grassy Wetland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was
mapped on 37 Time Stamping properties in the Melbourne West, Melbourne
North West and Melbourne North area.
Plains Grassy Wetland was mapped in 73 patches along drainage lines and low
lying areas within the study area. The ground cover of this EVC is dominated by
grasses, sedges and forbs. Common native species present include Brown-back
Wallaby-grass, Windmill Grass, Swamp Wallaby-grass Amphibromus sp., Spikesedge Eleocharis sp., Lesser Joyweed Alternanthera denticulata s.l., Small
Loosestrife, Rush Juncus sp. and Common Nardoo.
Typical weed species include Toowoomba Canary-grass, Spear Thistle, African
Box-thorn, Turnip Brassica spp., Common Sow Thistle Sonchus oleraceus and
Drain Flat-sedge Cyperus eragrostis.
Plains Grassy Wetland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
and has a final habitat score ranging from 14 – 58.
Heavier-soils Plains Grassland
A total of 304.08 ha of Heavier-soils Plains Grassland (Victorian Volcanic Plain)
was mapped on 29 Time Stamping properties in the Melbourne West, Melbourne
North West and Melbourne North area.
Heavier-soils Plains Grassland was mapped in 148 patches. The floristics and
condition of this EVC varies across the study area. Moderate to high quality
patches of this EVC are dominated by Kangaroo Grass Themeda triandra,
wallaby-grasses, and spear-grasses. Common forbs or shrub species present
include Pink Bindweed Convolvulus angustissimus subsp. angustissimus,
Grassland Wood-sorrel, Small Loosestrife, Ruby Saltbush Enchylaena tomentosa
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
var. tomentosa, Jersey Cudweed, Sieber Crassula Crassula sieberiana s.l.,
Yellow Rush-lily, Berry Saltbush and Annual Cudweed Euchiton sphaericus.
Poor quality or secondary Heavier-soils Plains Grassland patches typically
consist of few native grass and forb species. Most of these areas have been
typically disturbed through a history of ploughing, de-rocking or intensive
grazing and have recolonised with indigenous vegetation.
Common introduced species within this EVC include Serrated Tussock,
Artichoke Thistle, Toowoomba Canary-grass, Spear Thistle, African Box-thorn,
Galenia and Yorkshire Fog.
Heavier-soils Plains Grassland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion and has a final habitat score ranging from 16 – 71.
Low-rainfall Plains Grassland
A total of 455.47 ha of Low-rainfall Plains Grassland (Victorian Volcanic Plain)
was mapped on 45 Time Stamping properties. This EVC occurs in 205 patches
within the Melbourne West and Melbourne North West area.
The floristics and condition of this EVC varies across the study area. Moderate
to high quality patches are dominated by Kangaroo Grass, wallaby-grasses and
spear-grasses. Forbs or shrub species present include Berry Saltbush, Ruby
Saltbush, Grassland Wood-sorrel, Blue Devil Eryngium ovinum, Small
Loosestrife Lythrum hyssopifolia, Flat Spurge Chamaesyce drummondii,
Woodruff Asperula sp., Small St John’s Wort Hypericum gramineum and
Cudweed Euchiton sp.
Poor quality or secondary Low-rainfall Plains Grassland patches typically consist
of few native grass and forb species. Most of these areas have been typically
disturbed through a history of ploughing, de-rocking or intensive grazing and
have recolonised with indigenous vegetation.
Typical weeds include Serrated Tussock Nassella trichotoma, Chilean Needlegrass, Galenia, Common Sow-thistle, Red-flower Mallow Modiola caroliniana,
Flatweed, Artichoke Thistle and African Box-thorn.
Low-rainfall Plains Grassland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion and has a final habitat score ranging from 18 - 59.
Grassy Woodland
A total of 6.91 ha of Grassy Woodland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was mapped
on two adjacent Time Stamping properties in Sunbury, in the Melbourne North
West area.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
The tree canopy consists of Grey Box, Yellow Gum and Yellow Box Eucalyptus
melliodora. The shrub layer is diverse and includes Tree Violet, Ruby Saltbush,
Fragrant Saltbush Rhagodia parabolica and Drooping Cassinia Cassinia arcuata.
The ground cover consists of native species such as wallaby-grasses, speargrasses, Slender Dock, Clammy Goosefoot, Jersey Cudweed, Bluebell
Wahlenbergia spp. and Weeping Grass.
Introduced plants are common and include Serrated Tussock, Galenia, Spear
Thistle, Panic Veldt-grass Ehrharta erecta var. erecta and Ox-tongue
Helminthotheca echioides.
Grassy Woodland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion and
has a final habitat score of 73.
Riparian Scrub
A total of 0.78 ha of Riparian Scrub (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was mapped on a
single Time Stamping property (PFI 2058199) in the Melbourne North West
area.
Riparian Scrub occurs in two patches along Emu Creek in Sunbury. The shrub
layer includes River Bottlebrush, Woolly Tea-tree and Blackwood. Common
species in the ground layer include spear-grasses, Common Reed, spike-sedges
and Red-leg Grass Bothriochloa macra.
Introduced plants are uncommon to common. They include Couch, Toowoomba
Canary-grass, Spiny Rush and Paspalum Paspalum dilatatum.
Riparian Scrub is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion and has a
final habitat score of 27.
Plains Sedgy Wetland
A total of 0.18 ha of Plains Sedgy Wetland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was
mapped on a single Time Stamping property (Prop PFI 152276413) in the
Melbourne North West area.
This patch of Plains Sedgy Wetland is associated with a tributary of Jacksons
Creek that occurs west of Buckland Way, Diggers Rest. The ground cover is
dominated by grasses such as Wallaby Grass, Weeping Grass, Kneed Spear-grass
Austrostipa bigeniculata and Common Blown-grass Lacnagrostis filiformis and
small sedges including Knob Sedge Carex inversa and Common Spike-sedge.
Indigenous forb species present include Small Loosestrife, Bronze Bluebell
Wahlenbergia luteola and Lesser Joyweed.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
Introduced plants are abundant including Artichoke Thistle, Galenia, Spiny Rush
Juncus acutus, Yorkshire Fog and Ribwort Plantago lanceolata.
Plains Sedgy Wetland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
and has a final habitat score of 33.
Stony Knoll Shrubland
A total of 0.40 ha of Stony Knoll Shrubland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was
mapped on a single Time Stamping property (PFI 52763984) in the Melbourne
North area.
This EVC occurs in a single patch south east of Donovans Lane, Beveridge.
Scattered shrubs species include Tree Violet and Blackwood. The indigenous
understorey is diverse and includes Sheep's Burr Acaena echinata, Slender Ticktrefoil Desmodium varians, Weeping Grass, spear-grasses, wallaby-grasses, Blue
Devil and Yellow Rush-lily.
Introduced species are common and include Sheep Sorrel Acetosella vulgaris,
Ribwort, Toowoomba Canary-grass, Spear Thistle, Yorkshire Fog and Fennel
Foeniculum vulgare.
Stony Knoll Shrubland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
and has a final habitat score of 42.
Creekline Tussock Grassland
A total of 4.39 ha of Creekline Tussock Grassland (Victorian Volcanic Plain)
was mapped on two Time Stamping properties in the Melbourne North West
area.
This EVC occurs in six patches along Jacksons Creek and associated tributaries.
Common species present include Common Tussock-grass Poa labillardierei,
Weeping Grass, Common Wheat-grass Elymus scaber var. scaber, spear-grasses,
wallaby-grasses, Common Reed, Sheep’s Burr, Grassland Wood-sorrel, Kidneyweed, Small Scurf-pea Cullen parvum and Tough Scurf-pea Cullen tenax.
Introduced species are abundant and include Toowoomba Canary-grass,
Yorkshire Fog, Ribwort, Buck’s-horn Plantain Plantago coronopus and Buchan
Weed Hirschfeldia incana.
Creekline Tussock Grassland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion and has a final habitat score ranging from 21 – 51.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
Tall Marsh
A total of 0.16 ha of Tall Marsh (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was mapped in on a
single Time Stamping property (Prop PFI 50268907) in the Melbourne West
area.
Tall Marsh was mapped in three patches along Kororoit Creek. The EVC is
comprised of Common Reed and Rush Juncus spp.
Introduced plants are absent from this EVC.
Tall Marsh is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion and has a
final habitat score ranging from 29 – 31.
Escarpment Shrubland
A total of 37.58 ha of Escarpment Shrubland (Victorian Volcanic Plain) was
mapped on six Time Stamping properties in the Melbourne North West area.
Escarpment Shrubland occurs in 15 patches in Sunbury. The floristics and
condition of this EVC varies across the study area. Moderate to high quality
patches of this EVC include shrubs such as Tree Violet, Black Wattle Acacia
mearnsii, Sweet Bursaria, Berry Saltbush and Ruby Saltbush. Common grasses
and forbs include spear-grasses, wallaby-grasses, Weeping Grass, Kidney-weed,
Grassland Wood-sorrel, Clammy Goosefoot and Flat Spurge.
Poor quality patches were typically dominated by a high cover of Tree Violet
with few grass and forb species present.
Introduced species were common to abundant and include Serrated Tussock, Oxtongue, African Box-thorn, Artichoke Thistle, Buchan Weed and Paterson’s
Curse Echium plantagineum.
Escarpment Shrubland is endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
and has a final habitat score ranging from 10 – 51.
Other vegetation mapping units
Degraded Treeless Vegetation
Degraded Treeless Vegetation (DTV) is composed of highly disturbed land
consisting of predominantly introduced vegetation. It includes areas used for
crop production or sown pastures for grazing and as such consists of typical crop
weed species, disturbance species and pasture grasses.
A total of 1083.09 ha of DTV was mapped on 89 Time Stamping properties.
These areas generally contain vegetation dominated by a mix of introduced forbs
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
and grasses. Common species present include Toowoomba Canary-grass,
African Box-thorn, Common Sow-thistle, Turnip, Artichoke Thistle, Yorkshire
Fog and Cape Weed. A low cover of native species including spear-grasses,
wallaby-grasses and Grassland Wood-sorrel is often present within this
vegetation. However the cover of these does not meet the definition threshold
for a patch of native vegetation described in DSE (2007).
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
REFERENCES
DSE 2004. Native Vegetation: Sustaining a
living landscape. Vegetation Quality
Assessment Manual – Guidelines for
applying the habitat hectares scoring
method. Version 1.3. Department of
Sustainability and Environment,
Melbourne.
DSE 2005. Advisory list of rare or threatened
plants in Victoria. Department of
Sustainability and Environment,
Melbourne.
DSE 2007. Native Vegetation - Guide for
assessment of referred planning permit
applications. Victorian Government,
Department of Sustainability and
Environment, East Melbourne.
DSE 2009. Vegetation colonising artificial
substrates or disturbed areas. Department
of Sustainability and Environment.
DSE 2010. Time Stamping Project 2010/11:
Vegetation mapping and condition
assessment procedures, Department of
Sustainability and Environment.
NRE 2002. Victoria's Native Vegetation
Management: A Framework for Action.
Department of Natural Resources &
Environment, Victoria.
Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, V. 1994. Flora of
Victoria. Volume 2, Ferns and Allied
Plants, Conifers and Monocotyledons.
Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, V. 1996. Flora of
Victoria. Volume 3, Dicotyledons,
Winteraceae to Myrtaceae. Inkata Press,
Melbourne.
Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, V. 1999. Flora of
Victoria. Volume 4, Dicotyledons,
Cornaceae to Asteraceae. Inkata Press,
Melbourne.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
GLOSSARY & ABBREVIATIONS
Items marked with an asterisk (*) are cited from DSE (2007b).
Benchmark*
A standard vegetation –quality reference
point, dependent on vegetation type, which is
applied in habitat hectare assessments.
Represents the average characteristics of a
mature and apparently long undisturbed state
of the same vegetation type.
current level of depletion due to clearing, and
the level of degradation of condition typical
of remaining stands. There are 6 classes:
Presumed Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable,
Depleted, Rare and Least Concern as
described on page 51 of the Framework
(NRE 2002).
Biodiversity*
The variety of all life-forms, the different
plants, animals and micro-organisms, the
genes they contain, and the ecosystems of
which they form a part. The Framework
applies this definition to those native species
indigenous to or expected to visit the site.
Conservation status (see Bioregional
conservation status)
Biodiversity Interactive Map (BIM)
Web based interactive map available on the
DSE website that provides information on the
biodiversity of Victoria and displays flora
and fauna data from the Victorian
Biodiversity Atlas.
Ecological Vegetation Class (EVC) *
A type of native vegetation classification that
is described through a combination of its
floristic, life form and ecological
characteristics, and though an inferred
fidelity to particular environmental attributes.
Each EVC includes a collection of floristic
communities (i.e. lower level in the
classification that is based solely on groups
of the same species) that occur across a
biogeographic range, and although differing
in species, have similar habitat and ecological
processes operating.
Bioregion*
Biogeographic areas that capture the patterns
of ecological characteristics in the landscape
or seascape, providing a natural framework
for recognising and responding to
biodiversity values. A landscape based
approach to classifying the land surface using
a range of environmental attributes such as
climate, geomorphology, lithology and
vegetation.
Bioregional conservation status (of an
EVC)*
A state-wide classification of the degree of
depletion in the extent and/or quality of an
Ecological Conservation Class (EVC) within
a bioregion in comparison to the State’s
estimation of its pre-1750 extent and
condition. The assessment takes account of
how commonly it originally occurred, the
Degraded treeless vegetation*
Vegetation that is neither a wetland, a
remnant patch nor scattered tree(s).
DSE (Department of Sustainability &
Environment)
EPBC (Environment Protection and
Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999)
EVC (see Ecological vegetation class) *
FIS (Flora Information System)
Database produced by Viridans Biological
Databases (2009), containing flora data and
information from throughout Victoria. Used
until December 2010 then superseded by the
Victorian Biodiversity Atlas.
Forb
A herbaceous flowering plant that is not a
graminoid (grass, sedge or rush).
FFG (Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988
(Vic.))
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
Gain*
An increase in the extent and/or quality of a
site either by management or maintenance
commitments and actions.
Habitat hectare*
A site based measure of quality and quantity
of native vegetation that is assessed in the
context of the relevant native vegetation.
Habitat score*
The score assigned to a habitat zone that
indicates the quality of the vegetation relative
to the ecological vegetation class benchmark
– sum of the site condition score and
landscape context score, usually expressed as
a percentage or on a scale of 0 to 1.
Habitat zone*
A discrete area of native vegetation
consisting of a single vegetation type (EVC)
within an assumed similar quality. This is
the base spatial unit for conducting a habitat
hectare assessment. Separate Vegetation
Quality Assessments (or habitat hectare
assessments) are conducted for each habitat
zone within the designated assessment area.
Indigenous vegetation*
The type of native vegetation that would have
normally been expected to occur on the site
prior to European settlement.
Large Old Tree (LOT)*
A tree with a DBH equal to or greater than
the large tree diameter as specified in the
relevant EVC benchmark.
Medium Old Tree (MOT)*
A tree with a DBH equal to or greater than
0.75 of the large tree diameter in the relevant
EVC benchmark but less than the DBH for a
large old tree.
Native (indigenous) vegetation*
Native vegetation is plants that are
indigenous to Victoria, including trees,
shrubs, herbs and grasses (as defined in
Clause 72 of the planning scheme).
Net Gain*
Where, over a specified area and period of
time, losses of native vegetation and habitat,
as measured by a combined quality-quantity
measure (habitat-hectare), are reduced,
minimised and more than balanced by
commensurate gains.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
Old tree*
A tree with a DBH equal to or greater than
0.75 of the large tree diameter as specified in
the relevant EVC benchmark. Includes
medium old trees and large old trees (see
separate definitions). Some Regional Native
Vegetation Plans additionally define very
large old trees (1.5 times large tree diameter).
Offset*
A native vegetation offset is any works, or
other actions to make reparation for the loss
of native vegetation arising from the removal
or destruction of native vegetation. The gains
achieved must be permanent and ongoing,
and linked to a specific clearing site. See also
on-site offset and third-party offset.
Patch (see Remnant Patch)
Remnant patch or patch*
An area of vegetation, with or without trees,
where native plants constitute more than 25%
of the total understorey plant cover (bare
ground is not included); or an area of treed
vegetation where the density of the trees is
such that canopy tree cover is at least at
benchmark canopy cover.
Remnant vegetation*
Native vegetation that is established or has
regenerated on a largely natural landform.
The species present are those normally
expected in that vegetation community.
Largely natural landforms may have been
subject to some past surface disturbance such
as some clearing or cultivation (or even the
activities of the nineteenth century gold
rushes) but do not include man-made
structures such as dam walls and quarry
floors.
Scattered trees*
Canopy trees within an area where total
understorey plant cover comprises at least
75% of weeds or non-native plants and the
overall canopy cover for a group (i.e. Three
or more trees) is less than 20%.
Small tree*
A tree with a DBH equal to or greater than
0.25 of the large tree diameter in the relevant
EVC benchmark but less than the DBH for a
medium old tree.
sp.
Species (one species).
25
Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
spp.
Species (more than one species).
Understorey*
Understorey is all vegetation other than
mature trees – includes immature trees,
shrubs, grasses, herbs, mosses, lichens and
soil crust. It does not include dead plant
material that is not attached to a living plant.
More information on understorey life forms
is set out in the Vegetation Quality
Assessment Manual (DSE 2004).
Vegetation Quality Assessment
The standard DSE method for assessing
remnant patches of vegetation. Details of the
method are outlined in the Vegetation
Quality Assessment Method (DSE 2004).
The results of the assessment are expressed in
habitat hectares. Also referred to as a
‘habitat hectare assessment’.
Very Large Old Tree (VLOT)
A tree with a DBH of at least 1.5 times that
of the large tree DBH as specified in the
relevant EVC benchmark.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
APPENDICES
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
27
Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
APPENDIX 1
DSE Vegetation Assessment Methodology
A1.1
Habitat hectares
Habitat hectares are calculated where at least 25 % of the understorey cover is native or
a group (i.e. at least 3) of trees where the tree canopy cover is at least 20% (DSE
2007b). Such sites are termed 'patches' of native vegetation.
Each vegetation patch has one or more habitat quality zones. Each habitat zone consists
of one ecological vegetation class (EVC) and has uniform quality within limits.
The assessment process compares the vegetation of the habitat zone against a DSE
‘benchmark’ description of the EVC, using methods described in the DSE assessment
manual (DSE 2004). A habitat score for the habitat zone is calculated by this method.
All vegetation mapping and assessment data is collected using DSE’s Vegetation
Quality Assessment for ArcPad software (HabitAs) as required by the Biodiversity
Assessment Project 2010/11: vegetation mapping and condition assessment procedures
(DSE 2010a).
Each habitat zone has a habitat score of between 0 and 100, with extensive intact
vegetation having a theoretical score of 100. Habitat score is calculated using ten
components: large trees, tree canopy cover, understorey, weediness, recruitment,
organic litter, logs, patch size, neighbourhood context and distance to core area. In
naturally treeless vegetation, or vegetation that can exist in different structural forms,
the score is standardised to account for the absence of some or all ‘woody’ criteria.
The habitat hectare value of a habitat zone is given by its habitat score (expressed as a
decimal between 0 and 1) multiplied by its land area in hectares. For example,
4 hectares of vegetation with a habitat score of 50 contain 2.0 habitat hectares.
Habitat hectares are used to measure losses arising from clearing, and also gains
obtained through protection measures and active management of existing vegetation.
A1.2
Indigenous canopy trees
The following information on indigenous canopy trees does not apply if the subject land
contains only treeless vegetation types.
Large Old Trees within patches
‘Large Old Trees’ within native vegetation patches are subject to offset requirements, as
outlined in the Native Vegetation Management Framework (NRE 2002: Table 6, p 55).
Trees smaller than benchmark size within patches are not included in this assessment, as
they are addressed in the habitat hectare analysis.
Scattered trees outside patches
Trees over predominantly introduced understoreys are offset through tree protection/
replacement ratios.
Trees in areas where less than 25 % of the understorey cover is native are assessed as
‘scattered old trees’. Trees are offset by the protection of other old trees and/or
recruitment of new trees.
For land parcels (usually a title boundary) where tree density is greater than eight per
hectare, the offset ratios are outlined in the Native Vegetation Management Framework
(NRE 2002, p 55). For areas where tree density is less, the offset ratios are specified in
the Regional Native Vegetation Plan. Offsets for small trees are also included in the
Native Vegetation Plan.
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
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Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
APPENDIX 2
Flora Results
A2.1
Significant flora species recorded from study area
Australian status:
CR
EN
VU
R
Critically Endangered (EPBC Act)
Endangered (EPBC Act)
Vulnerable (EPBC Act)
Rare (Walsh & Stajsic 2007)
Victorian status:
e
v
r
L
endangered (VBA, 2010)
vulnerable (VBA, 2010)
rare (VBA, 2010)
listed as threatened under FFG Act
Table A2.1. Incidental records of significant flora species from the study area
Scientific Name
Common Name
Aust.
Status
Vic.
Status
EN
R
CR
e,L
r
e
National Significance
Dianella amoena
Geranium sp. 3
Pimelea spinescens subsp. spinescens
Matted Flax-lily
Pale-flower Crane's-bill
Spiny Rice-flower
State Significance
Alternanthera sp. 1 (Plains)
Convolvulus angustissimus subsp. omnigracilis
Cullen parvum
Cullen tenax
Desmodium varians
Dianella sp. aff. longifolia (Benambra)
Eleocharis pallens
Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps)
Nicotiana suaveolens
Rhagodia parabolica
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
Plains Joyweed
Slender Bindweed
Small Scurf-pea
Tough Scurf-pea
Slender Tick-trefoil
Arching Flax-lily
Pale Spike-sedge
Pale Swamp Everlasting
Austral Tobacco
Fragrant Saltbush
k
k
e,L
e,L
k
v,K
k
v
r
r
29
Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
APPENDIX 3
EVC Benchmarks
BIOSIS R E S E A R C H
30
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Gippsland Plain bioregion
EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland
Description:
Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally
dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and
sedges in the ground layer.
Large trees:
Species
DBH(cm)
Eucalyptus spp.
70 cm
#/ha
15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
20%
Understorey:
Life form
Immature Canopy Tree
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub
Medium Shrub
Small Shrub
Prostrate Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Ground Fern
Scrambler or Climber
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
T
T
T
MS
MS
MS
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
LTG
LTG
LTG
LTG
LNG
MTG
MTG
MNG
GF
Common Name
Eucalyptus ovata
Eucalyptus radiata s.l.
Swamp Gum
Narrow-leaf Peppermint
#Spp
%Cover
LF code
4
5
1
1
3
7
3
3
1
5
2
2
2
na
5%
30%
20%
1%
1%
5%
10%
5%
15%
5%
10%
10%
10%
5%
10%
IT
T
MS
SS
PS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
GF
SC
BL
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Acacia melanoxylon
Melaleuca ericifolia
Leptospermum lanigerum
Leptospermum continentale
Coprosma quadrifida
Bursaria spinosa
Senecio minimus
Gonocarpus tetragynus
Acaena novae-zelandiae
Hydrocotyle hirta
Dichondra repens
Carex appressa
Cyperus lucidus
Lepidosperma elatius
Juncus procerus
Phragmites australis
Themeda triandra
Lomandra filiformis
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Pteridium esculentum
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
Common Name
Blackwood
Swamp Paperbark
Woolly Tea-tree
Prickly Tea-tree
Prickly Currant-bush
Sweet Bursaria
Shrubby Fireweed
Common Raspwort
Bidgee-widgee
Hairy Pennywort
Kidney-weed
Tall Sedge
Leafy Flat-sedge
Tall Sword-sedge
Tall Rush
Common Reed
Kangaroo Grass
Wattle Mat-rush
Weeping Grass
Austral Bracken
EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
20 % cover
Logs:
20 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:
LF Code
LH
LH
MH
MH
LNG
MTG
MTG
Typical Weed Species
Cirsium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Hypochoeris radicata
Prunella vulgaris
Holcus lanatus
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Briza maxima
Common Name
Invasive
Impact
Spear Thistle
Common Sow-thistle
Cat's Ear
Self-heal
Yorkshire Fog
Sweet Vernal-grass
Large Quaking-grass
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
low
low
high
high
high
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Gippsland Plain bioregion
EVC 821: Tall Marsh
Description:
Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is
approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of
salinity. Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 2-3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and
semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds.
Life Forms:
Life form
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
#Spp
%Cover
LF code
3
2
6
1
2
1
10%
5%
10%
5%
40%
1%
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MNG
Total understorey projective foliage cover
LF Code
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
LNG
LNG
LNG
LNG
MNG
MNG
70%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common Name
Myriophyllum verrucosum
Myriophyllum salsugineum
Villarsia reniformis
Rumex bidens
Lilaeopsis polyantha
Lepilaena bilocularis
Lemna disperma
Azolla filiculoides
Wolffia australiana
Mimulus repens
Triglochin procerum s.l.
Juncus ingens
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Phragmites australis
Typha domingensis
Typha orientalis
Lepilaena cylindrocarpa
Eleocharis acuta
Red Water-milfoil
Lake Water-milfoil
Running Marsh-flower
Mud Dock
Australian Lilaeopsis
Small-fruit Water-mat
Common Duckweed
Pacific Azolla
Tiny Duckweed
Creeping Monkey-flower
Water Ribbons
Giant Rush
River Club-sedge
Common Reed
Cumbungi
Broad-leaf Cumbungi
Long-fruit Water-mat
Common Spike-sedge
Recruitment:
Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years
Organic Litter:
10% cover
Weediness:
LF Code
MH
MNG
Typical Weed Species
Common Name
Invasive
Impact
Cotula coronopifolia
Paspalum distichum
Water Buttons
Water Couch
high
high
high
high
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Gippsland Plain bioregion
EVC 937: Swampy Woodland
Description:
Open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground-layer dominated by tussock grasses and/or sedges and often rich in herbs.
Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils, primarily on swamp deposits but extending to suitable substrates
within some landscapes of sedimentary origin.
Large trees:
Species
DBH(cm)
Eucalyptus spp.
70 cm
#/ha
15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
Understorey:
Life form
Immature Canopy Tree
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub
Medium Shrub
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
T
MS
MH
MH
MH
SH
LTG
LTG
LTG
LNG
LNG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
Common Name
Eucalyptus ovata
Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.s.
Eucalyptus radiata s.l.
Eucalyptus obliqua
15%
Swamp Gum
Mealy Stringybark
Narrow-leaf Peppermint
Messmate Stringybark
#Spp
1
2
5
3
4
2
4
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Melaleuca ericifolia
Leptospermum continentale
Acaena novae-zelandiae
Centella cordifolia
Gratiola peruviana
Mazus pumilio
Gahnia sieberiana
Poa labillardierei
Carex appressa
Gahnia radula
Phragmites australis
Schoenus apogon
Lepidosperma laterale
Poa tenera
Juncus holoschoenus
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
20 % cover
Logs:
15 m/0.1 ha.
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
5%
20%
10%
10%
30%
10%
10%
20%
LF code
IT
T
MS
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
BL
Common Name
Swamp Paperbark
Prickly Tea-tree
Bidgee-widgee
Centella
Austral Brooklime
Swamp Mazus
Red-fruit Saw-sedge
Common Tussock-grass
Tall Sedge
Thatch Saw-sedge
Common Reed
Common Bog-sedge
Variable Sword-sedge
Slender Tussock-grass
Joint-leaf Rush
EVC 937: Swampy Woodland - Gippsland Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code
MS
MH
LNG
MTG
Typical Weed Species
Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus
Hypochoeris radicata
Holcus lanatus
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Common Name
Blackberry
Cat's Ear
Yorkshire Fog
Sweet Vernal-grass
Invasive
high
high
high
high
Impact
high
low
high
high
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland
Description:
An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low
elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. This
variant occupies areas receiving approximately 500 – 700 mm annual rainfall.
Large trees:
Species
DBH(cm)
Eucalyptus spp.
80 cm
#/ha
8 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
Understorey:
Life form
Immature Canopy Tree
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub
Medium Shrub
Small Shrub
Prostrate Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens
Soil Crust
LF Code
MS
MS
SS
PS
PS
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
Common Name
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
10%
River Red Gum
#Spp
1
3
2
1
3
8
3
2
12
2
na
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Acacia pycnantha
Acacia paradoxa
Pimelea humilis
Astroloma humifusum
Bossiaea prostrata
Oxalis perennans
Gonocarpus tetragynus
Acaena echinata
Dichondra repens
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
Austrostipa mollis
Austrostipa bigeniculata
Themeda triandra
Elymus scaber var. scaber
Austrodanthonia setacea
Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
10 % cover
Logs:
10 m/0.1 ha.
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
5%
10%
1%
1%
5%
15%
5%
5%
45%
5%
10%
10%
LF code
IT
T
MS
SS
PS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
MTG
MNG
BL
S/C
Common Name
Golden Wattle
Hedge Wattle
Common Rice-flower
Cranberry Heath
Creeping Bossiaea
Grassland Wood-sorrel
Common Raspwort
Sheep's Burr
Kidney-weed
Stinking Pennywort
Supple Spear-grass
Kneed Spear-grass
Kangaroo Grass
Common Wheat-grass
Bristly Wallaby-grass
Stiped Wallaby-grass
Weeping Grass
EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code
MS
LH
LH
LH
MH
LNG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
Typical Weed Species
Lycium ferocissimum
Cirsium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Plantago lanceolata
Hypochoeris radicata
Holcus lanatus
Vulpia bromoides
Romulea rosea
Briza minor
Briza maxima
Common Name
African Box-thorn
Spear Thistle
Common Sow-thistle
Ribwort
Cat's Ear
Yorkshire Fog
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Onion Grass
Lesser Quaking-grass
Large Quaking-grass
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
high
high
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland
Description:
Low open (mallee) woodland to 8 m tall with an understorey dominated by chenopod (saltbush) species, occasional grasses and
seasonal herbs. Occurs on laterised clays and duplex soils that tend to have a high salt content and are largely impervious to
water.
Large trees:
Species
DBH(cm)
Eucalyptus spp.
40 cm
#/ha
10 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
Common Name
Eucalyptus microcarpa
Eucalyptus leucoxylon
Eucalyptus behriana
10%
Understorey:
Life form
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub
Medium Shrub
Small Shrub
Medium Herb
Small Herb
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Scrambler or Climber
Bryophytes/Lichens
Soil Crust
Grey Box
Yellow Gum
Bull Mallee
#Spp
3
6
2
3
1
3
1
na
na
Total understorey projective foliage cover
LF Code
T
T
T
T
MS
MS
MS
SS
MH
MH
MH
SH
MTG
MTG
MTG
SC
SC
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Acacia implexa
Exocarpos cupressiformis
Allocasuarina verticillata
Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata
r Rhagodia parabolica
Dodonaea viscosa ssp. cuneata
Acacia acinacea s.l.
Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa
Einadia hastata
Einadia nutans ssp. nutans
Carpobrotus modestus
Dichondra repens
Austrodanthonia setacea
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Austrostipa densiflora
Cassytha melantha
Clematis microphylla
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
25%
5%
10%
1%
5%
1%
10%
20%
LF code
T
MS
SS
MH
SH
MTG
SC
BL
S/C
75%
Common Name
Lightwood
Cherry Ballart
Drooping Sheoak
Moonah
Fragrant Saltbush
Wedge-leaf Hop-bush
Gold-dust Wattle
Ruby Saltbush
Saloop
Nodding Saltbush
Inland Pigface
Kidneyweed
Bristly Wallaby-grass
Common Wallaby-grass
Dense Spear-grass
Coarse Dodder-laurel
Small-leaved Clematis
EVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
10 % cover
Logs:
10 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:
LF Code
MS
SS
LH
MTG
Typical Weed Species
Lycium ferocissimum
Galenia pubescens var. pubescens
Phytolacca octandra
Ehrharta longiflora
Common Name
Invasive
Impact
African Box-thorn
Galenia
Red-ink Weed
Annual Veldt-grass
low
high
high
high
high
high
high
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland
Description:
Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous
ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a
wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and
herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system
of interconnected small ponds.
Large trees:
Species
DBH(cm)
Eucalyptus spp.
80 cm
#/ha
15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
15%
Understorey:
Life form
Immature Canopy Tree
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub
Medium Shrub
Small Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Scrambler or Climber
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
T
T
MS
SS
SS
MH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
LNG
MTG
MTG
MNG
SC
Common Name
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
River Red-gum
#Spp
2
5
1
2
6
3
2
1
10
3
3
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Acacia melanoxylon
Acacia retinodes
Hymenanthera dentata s.l.
Rubus parvifolius
Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa
Oxalis perennans
Azolla filiculoides
Lemna disperma
Austrostipa bigeniculata
Poa labillardierei
Phragmites australis
Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Glycine clandestina
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
10%
10%
1%
5%
10%
5%
10%
5%
25%
10%
10%
10%
LF code
IT
T
MS
SS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
SC
BL
Common Name
Blackwood
Wirilda
Tree Violet
Small-leaf Bramble
Ruby Saltbush
Grassland Wood-sorrel
Pacific Azolla
Common Duckweed
Kneed Spear-grass
Common Tussock-garss
Common Reed
Stiped Wallaby-grass
Common Wallaby-grass
Weeping Grass
Twining Glycine
EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain
bioregion
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
40 % cover
Logs:
20 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
T
MS
MS
MS
MS
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
LTG
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
SC
Salix fragilis
Lycium ferocissimum
Genista monspessulana
Rosa rubiginosa
Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus
Plantago lanceolata
Sonchus oleraceus
Hirschfeldia incana
Verbena bonariensis s.l.
Rumex crispus
Rumex conglomeratus
Conium maculatum
Helminthotheca echioides
Aster subulatus
Sonchus asper s.l.
Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972)
Brassica fruticulosa
Hypochoeris radicata
Foeniculum vulgare
Modiola caroliniana
Phalaris aquatica
Piptatherum miliaceum
Ehrharta erecta var. erecta
Paspalum dilatatum
Bromus catharticus
Romulea rosea
Bromus diandrus
Briza maxima
Agrostis capillaris s.l.
Dactylis glomerata
Paspalum distichum
Tradescantia fluminensis
Common Name
Invasive
Impact
Crack Willow
African Box-thorn
Montpellier Broom
Sweet Briar
Blackberry
Ribwort
Common Sow-thistle
Buchan Weed
Purple-top Verbena
Curled Dock
Clustered Dock
Hemlock
Ox-tongue
Aster-weed
Rough Sow-thistle
Black Nightshade
Twiggy Turnip
Cat's Ear
Fennel
Red-flower Mallow
Toowoomba Canary-grass
Rice Millet
Panic Veldt-grass
Paspalum
Prairie Grass
Onion Grass
Great Brome
Large Quaking-grass
Brown-top Bent
Cocksfoot
Water Couch
Wandering Jew
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
low
low
high
high
high
high
high
low
low
low
high
high
low
high
low
high
high
high
high
low
low
low
low
high
high
high
high
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 104: Lignum Swamp
Description:
Shrubland to 3 m tall or open woodland to 15 m tall, with an understorey that can be rich in herbaceous species. Occurs on
inundation-prone heavy grey soils in depressions or floodways in low rainfall areas.
+
woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)
Large trees+:
Species
DBH(cm)
Eucalyptus spp.
80 cm
#/ha
5
Tree Canopy Cover+:
%cover
Character Species
Life forms:
Life form
Immatrure Canopy Tree+
Medium Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens
Soil Crust
LF Code
MS
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
Common Name
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
10%
River Red Gum
#Spp
1
2
3
3
1
6
3
na
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Muehlenbeckia florulenta
Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis
Rumex brownii
Marsilea drummondii
Alternanthera denticulata s.l.
Myriophyllum muelleri
Eryngium vesiculosum
Lobelia pratioides
Lobelia concolor
Amphibromus nervosus
Lachnagrostis filiformis
Juncus subsecundus
Austrodanthonia duttoniana
Eleocharis acuta
Eleocharis pusilla
Recruitment:
Episodic/Flood - Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.
Organic Litter:
10 % cover
Logs+:
5 m/0.1 ha.
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
20%
5%
15%
10%
5%
20%
10%
10%
10%
LF code
IT
MS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
MTG
MNG
BL
S/C
Common Name
Lignum
Woodland Swamp-daisy
Slender Dock
Common Nardoo
Lesser Joyweed
Hooded Water-milfoil
Prickfoot
Poison Lobelia
Poison Pratia
Common Swamp Wallaby-grass
Common Blown-grass
Finger Rush
Brown-back Wallaby-grass
Common Spike-sedge
Small Spike-sedge
EVC 104: Lignum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
MS
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
Lycium ferocissimum
Cirsium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Helminthotheca echioides
Cynara cardunculus
Sonchus asper s.l.
Aster subulatus
Hypochoeris radicata
Cerastium glomeratum s.l.
Nassella trichotoma
Lolium rigidum
Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus
Vulpia bromoides
Common Name
African Box-thorn
Spear Thistle
Common Sow-thistle
Ox-tongue
Spanish Artichoke
Rough Sow-thistle
Aster-weed
Cat's Ear
Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
Serrated Tussock
Wimmera Rye-grass
Soft Brome
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
high
high
low
high
high
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland
Description:
This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Swamp Gum
Eucalyptus ovata. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated by grasses
and small sedges and herbs. The vegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in the
wetter central areas.
Life Forms:
Life form
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
LTG
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
#Spp
5
6
3
3
1
8
2
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Epilobium billardierianum
Villarsia reniformis
Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum
Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l.
Lilaeopsis polyantha
Utricularia dichotoma s.l.
Eryngium vesiculosum
Neopaxia australasica
Lobelia pratioides
Juncus flavidus
Deyeuxia quadriseta
Amphibromus nervosus
Poa labillardierei
Triglochin procerum s.l.
Glyceria australis
Juncus holoschoenus
Austrodanthonia duttoniana
Eleocharis acuta
Eleocharis pusilla
Recruitment:
Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:
20% cover
Logs:
5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
10%
10%
15%
5%
30%
10%
10%
LF code
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
BL
Common Name
Variable Willow-herb
Running Marsh-flower
Grey Willow-herb
Floating Pondweed
Australian Lilaeopsis
Fairies' Aprons
Prickfoot
White Purslane
Poison Lobelia
Gold Rush
Reed Bent-grass
Common Swamp Wallaby-grass
Common Tussock-grass
Water Ribbons
Australian Sweet-grass
Joint-leaf Rush
Brown-back Wallaby-grass
Common Spike-sedge
Small Spike-sedge
EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
LH
MH
MH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MTG
TTG
Cirsium vulgare
Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides
Hypochoeris radicata
Phalaris aquatica
Holcus lanatus
Briza minor
Romulea rosea
Cyperus tenellus
Common Name
Spear Thistle
Hairy Hawkbit
Cat's Ear
Toowoomba Canary-grass
Yorkshire Fog
Lesser Quaking-grass
Onion Grass
Tiny Flat-sedge
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
high
low
low
high
high
low
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland
Description:
Treeless vegetation mostly less than 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies fertile cracking
basalt soils prone to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving at least 500 mm annual rainfall.
Life Forms:
Life form
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust*
* Note: treat as one life form in this EVC
LF Code
SS
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
MNG
SC
#Spp
2
12
4
1
13
4
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Pimelea humilis
Rumex dumosus
Calocephalus citreus
Acaena echinata
Leptorhynchos squamatus
Eryngium ovinum
Solenogyne dominii
Lobelia pratioides
Austrostipa bigeniculata
Dichelachne crinita
Themeda triandra
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Elymus scaber var. scaber
Schoenus apogon
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Thelymitra pauciflora s.l.
Microtis unifolia
Convolvulus erubescens
Recruitment:
Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:
10% cover
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
20%
5%
5%
40%
5%
20%
LF code
LH
MH
SH
LTG
MTG
MNG
BL
Common Name
Common Rice-flower
Wiry Dock
Lemon Beauty-heads
Sheep's Burr
Scaly Buttons
Blue Devil
Smooth Solenogyne
Poison Lobelia
Kneed Spear-grass
Long-hair Plume-grass
Kangaroo Grass
Common Wallaby-grass
Common Wheat-grass
Common Bog-sedge
Weeping Grass
Slender Sun-orchid
Common Onion-orchid
Pink Bindweed
EVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
Plantago lanceolata
Cirsium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Hypochoeris radicata
Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides
Trifolium subterraneum
Plantago coronopus
Trifolium striatum
Trifolium dubium
Phalaris aquatica
Holcus lanatus
Romulea rosea
Vulpia bromoides
Briza minor
Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus
Briza maxima
Lolium rigidum
Lolium perenne
Nassella neesiana
Cynosurus echinatus
Juncus capitatus
Common Name
Ribwort
Spear Thistle
Common Sow-thistle
Cat's Ear
Hairy Hawkbit
Subterranean Clover
Buck's-horn Plantain
Knotted Clover
Suckling Clover
Toowoomba Canary-grass
Yorkshire Fog
Onion Grass
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Lesser Quaking-grass
Soft Brome
Large Quaking-grass
Wimmera Rye-grass
Perennial Rye-grass
Chilean Needle-grass
Rough Dog's-tail
Capitate Rush
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
high
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland
Description:
Treeless vegetation mostly < 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies cracking basalt soils prone
to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving < 500 mm annual rainfall.
Life forms:
Life form
Small Shrub*
Prostrate Shrub
Large Herb*
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb*
Large Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid*
Bryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust**
* Largely seasonal life form
** Note: treat as one life form in this EVC
LF Code
SS
PS
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
TTG
TTG
SC
#Spp
1
1
2
8
3
1
10
2
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Pimelea curviflora s.s.
Atriplex semibaccata
Ptilotus macrocephalus
Acaena echinata
Plantago gaudichaudii
Maireana enchylaenoides
Calocephalus citreus
Solenogyne dominii
Oxalis perennans
Chamaesyce drummondii
Goodenia pinnatifida
Austrostipa bigeniculata
Austrostipa scabra
Austrostipa nodosa
Whalleya proluta
Austrodanthonia duttoniana
Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa
Centrolepis aristata
Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg.
Recruitment:
Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:
10% cover
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
5%
5%
20%
10%
5%
30%
5%
20%
LF code
SS
PS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
MTG
MNG
BL
Common Name
Curved Rice-flower
Berry Saltbush
Feather-heads
Sheep's Burr
Narrow Plantain
Wingless Bluebush
Lemon Beauty-heads
Smooth Solenogyne
Grassland Wood-sorrel
Flat Spurge
Cut-leaf Goodenia
Kneed Spear-grass
Rough Spear-grass
Knotty Spear-grass
Rigid Panic
Brown-back Wallaby-grass
Hairy Centrolepis
Pointed Centrolepis
Pink Bindweed
EVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
Plantago lanceolata
Cirsium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Hypochoeris radicata
Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides
Trifolium subterraneum
Plantago coronopus
Trifolium striatum
Trifolium dubium
Romulea rosea
Vulpia bromoides
Briza minor
Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus
Briza maxima
Lolium rigidum
Lolium perenne
Nassella neesiana
Cynosurus echinatus
Juncus capitatus
Common Name
Ribwort
Spear Thistle
Common Sow-thistle
Cat's Ear
Hairy Hawkbit
Subterranean Clover
Buck's-horn Plantain
Knotted Clover
Suckling Clover
Onion Grass
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Lesser Quaking-grass
Soft Brome
Large Quaking-grass
Wimmera Rye-grass
Perennial Rye-grass
Chilean Needle-grass
Rough Dog's-tail
Capitate Rush
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 175: Grassy Woodland
Description:
A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak/Acacia woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer
of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or
undulating hills on a range of geologies.
+
eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing non-eucalypt areas)
Large trees:
Species
Eucalyptus spp.
Allocasuarina spp.
Acacia spp.
DBH(cm)
70 cm
40 cm
30 cm
#/ha
15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
Understorey:
Life form
Immature Canopy Tree
+
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub
Medium Shrub
Small Shrub
Prostrate Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Scrambler or Climber
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
MS
MS
MS
MS
SS
PS
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
SC
Common Name
Eucalyptus ovata
Eucalyptus radiata s.l.
Eucalyptus viminalis
Allocasuarina verticillata
Acacia implexa
Acacia mearnsii
15%
Swamp Gum
Narrow-leaf Peppermint
Manna Gum
Drooping Sheoak
Lightwood
Black Wattle
#Spp
2
2
2
2
2
8
3
1
8
1
1
na
%Cover LF code
5%
10%
10%
1%
5%
5%
20%
5%
1%
45%
5%
1%
10%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Bursaria spinosa
Cassinia arcuata
Acacia pycnantha
Hymenanthera dentata s.l.
Pimelea humilis
Atriplex semibaccata
Acaena echinata
Einadia nutans ssp. nutans
Gonocarpus tetragynus
Crassula sieberiana
Dichondra repens
Lomandra filiformis
Austrostipa scabra
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Dianella revoluta s.l.
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Clematis microphylla
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
IT
T
MS
SS
PS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
MTG
MNG
SC
BL
Common Name
Sweet Bursaria
Drooping Cassinia
Golden Wattle
Tree Violet
Common Rice-flower
Berry Saltbush
Sheep's Burr
Nodding Saltbush
Common Raspwort
Sieber Crassula
Kidney-weed
Wattle Mat-rush
Rough Spear-grass
Common Wallaby-grass
Black-anther Flax-lily
Weeping Grass
Small-leaved Clematis
EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
20 % cover
Logs:
15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
MS
MH
MH
MH
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
Lycium ferocissimum
Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides
Hypochoeris radicata
Arctotheca calendula
Briza maxima
Romulea rosea
Ehrharta erecta var. erecta
Ehrharta longiflora
Nassella neesiana
Nassella trichotoma
Common Name
Invasive Impact
African Box-thorn
Hairy Hawkbit
Cat's Ear
Cape Weed
Large Quaking-grass
Onion Grass
Panic Veldt-grass
Annual Veldt-grass
Chilean Needle-grass
Serrated Tussock
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
low
low
low
low
low
high
low
high
high
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2005
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 191: Riparian Scrub
Description:
A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may
be occasionally present. The understorey typically consists of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeks
and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains.
Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
Understorey:
Life form
Medium Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
MS
MS
MH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
MNG
Common Name
Leptospermum lanigerum
60%
Woolly Tea-tree
#Spp
3
4
8
4
3
2
5
3
na
%Cover LF code
20%
10%
10%
5%
20%
5%
10%
10%
20%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Coprosma quadrifida
Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa
Oxalis perennans
Oxalis exilis
Crassula helmsii
Poa labillardierei
Carex tereticaulis
Carex appressa
Phragmites australis
Triglochin procerum s.l.
Triglochin striatum
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
40 % cover
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
MS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
BL
Common Name
Prickly Currant-bush
Sweet Bursaria
Grassland Wood-sorrel
Shady Wood-sorrel
Swamp Crassula
Common Tussock-grass
Hollow Sedge
Tall Sedge
Common Reed
Water Ribbons
Streaked Arrowgrass
Weeping Grass
EVC 191: Riparian Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
LNG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
Rumex conglomeratus
Sonchus oleraceus
Cirsium vulgare
Trifolium dubium
Trifolium subterraneum
Hypochoeris radicata
Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides
Holcus lanatus
Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus
Briza maxima
Vulpia bromoides
Romulea rosea
Bromus diandrus
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Cynosurus echinatus
Common Name
Clustered Dock
Common Sow-thistle
Spear Thistle
Suckling Clover
Subterranean Clover
Cat's Ear
Hairy Hawkbit
Yorkshire Fog
Soft Brome
Large Quaking-grass
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Onion Grass
Great Brome
Sweet Vernal-grass
Rough Dog's-tail
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
high
low
high
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
high
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland
Description:
Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavy
clay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbark
shrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to
moderate, but higher towards drier margins.
Life Forms:
Life form
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
LF Code
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
#Spp
2
5
5
2
1
4
2
%Cover
5%
40%
10%
5%
5%
25%
5%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Epilobium billardierianum
Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l.
Myriophyllum simulans
Stellaria angustifolia
Lilaeopsis polyantha
Neopaxia australasica
Lobelia pratioides
v Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps)
Eryngium vesiculosum
Carex tereticaulis
k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety)
Lachnagrostis filiformis
Glyceria australis
Eleocharis acuta
v Amphibromus sinuatus
LF code
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
Common Name
Variable Willow-herb
Floating Pondweed
Amphibious Water-milfoil
Swamp Starwort
Australian Lilaeopsis
White Purslane
Poison Lobelia
Pale Swamp Everlasting
Prickfoot
Hollow Sedge
Wetland Blown-grass
Common Blown-grass
Australian Sweet-grass
Common Spike-sedge
Wavy Swamp Wallaby-grass
Recruitment:
Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:
10% cover
Logs:
5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)
Weediness:
LF Code
MTG
Typical Weed Species
Juncus bulbosus
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
Common Name
Bulbous Rush
Invasive
high
Impact
high
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland
Description:
Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurs
on low stony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severe
summer dryness.
+
woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)
Canopy Cover+:
%cover
Character Species
15%
Common Name
Allocasuarina verticillata
Bursaria spinosa
Understorey:
Life form
Medium Shrub
Prostrate Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Tiny Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Ground Fern
Bryophytes/Lichens
Soil Crust
Drooping Sheoak
Sweet Bursaria
#Spp
3
1
2
11
4
10
2
2
2
na
na
Total understorey projective foliage cover
LF Code
MS
MS
PS
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
TTG
MNG
GF
GF
SC
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
20 % cover
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
10%
1%
1%
10%
5%
25%
5%
5%
5%
10%
10%
85%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Hymenanthera dentata s.l.
Acacia paradoxa
Kennedia prostrata
Senecio quadridentatus
Senecio glomeratus
Oxalis perennans
Rumex brownii
Hypericum gramineum
Acaena ovina
Dichondra repens
Hydrocotyle laxiflora
Crassula sieberiana
Themeda triandra
Poa sieberiana
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Austrodanthonia setacea
Carex breviculmis
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Pteridium esculentum
Adiantum aethiopicum
Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg.
Common N
Tree Violet
Hedge Wattle
Running Postm
Cotton Firewe
Annual Firewe
Grassland Wo
Slender Dock
Small St John’
Australian She
Kidneyweed
Stinking Penny
Sieber Crassul
Kangaroo Gras
Grey TussockCommon Wall
Bristly Wallaby
Short-stem Se
Weeping Gras
Austral Bracke
Common Maid
Pink Bindweed
EVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Logs+:
5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
T
MS
MS
SS
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
LNG
LNG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
SC
Schinus molle
Lycium ferocissimum
Genista monspessulana
Marrubium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Helminthotheca echioides
Lactuca serriola
Sisymbrium officinale
Sonchus asper s.l.
Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus
Echium plantagineum
Centaurium tenuiflorum
Foeniculum vulgare
Hypochoeris radicata
Trifolium arvense var. arvense
Trifolium subterraneum
Trifolium campestre var. campestre
Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium
Lotus suaveolens
Cerastium glomeratum s.l.
Medicago polymorpha
Trifolium glomeratum
Modiola caroliniana
Aptenia cordifolia
Phalaris aquatica
Holcus lanatus
Avena fatua
Nassella trichotoma
Ehrharta longiflora
Briza maxima
Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus
Sporobolus africanus
Vulpia bromoides
Romulea rosea
Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides
Lolium perenne
Dactylis glomerata
Vulpia myuros
Bromus rubens
Avena barbata
Aira caryophyllea
Vicia sativa ssp. sativa
Common Name
Invasive
Impact
Pepper Tree
African Box-thorn
Montpellier Broom
Horehound
Common Sow-thistle
Ox-tongue
Prickly Lettuce
Hedge Mustard
Rough Sow-thistle
Great Mullein
Paterson's Curse
Slender Centaury
Fennel
Cat's Ear
Hare's-foot Clover
Subterranean Clover
Hop Clover
Narrow-leaf Clover
Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil
Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
Burr Medic
Cluster Clover
Red-flower Mallow
Heart-leaf Ice-plant
Toowoomba Canary-grass
Yorkshire Fog
Wild Oat
Serrated Tussock
Annual Veldt-grass
Large Quaking-grass
Soft Brome
Rat-tail Grass
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Onion Grass
False Hair-grass
Perennial Rye-grass
Cocksfoot
Rat's-tail Fescue
Red Brome
Bearded Oat
Silvery Hair-grass
Common Vetch
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
low
high
high
high
high
low
low
low
low
low
high
high
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
high
high
low
high
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland
Description:
Creekline Tussock Grassland occurs along low gradient ephemeral and intermittent drainage lines across the volcanic plains.
Soils are generally fertile heavy dark clays. Exposed basalt rocks can be common. Dominated by a dense sward of Common
Tussock-grass Poa labillardierei primarily with small herbs and typically mat-forming grasses in the inter-tussock spaces. This
EVC often includes small areas of sedgeland and/or wetland.
Life forms:
Life form
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Bryophytes/Lichens
LF Code
LH
LH
LH
MH
LH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
LTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
MNG
MNG
#Spp
4
8
11
3
10
4
na
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Senecio quadridentatus
Senecio tenuiflorus
Craspedia glauca spp. agg.
Calocephalus lacteus
Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis
Microseris sp. 1
Haloragis heterophylla
Dichondra repens
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
Lobelia pratioides
Crassula helmsii
Poa labillardierei
Carex tereticaulis
Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis
Austrodanthonia duttoniana
Austrodanthonia caespitosa
Lachnagrostis filiformis
Juncus planifolius
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides
Distichlis distichophylla
Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata
Eleocharis acuta
Recruitment:
Episodic – fire/grazing – desirable period of disturbance is every 10 years
Organic Litter:
10% Cover
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
%Cover
5%
10%
10%
40%
10%
10%
20%
LF code
LH
MH
SH
LTG
MTG
MNG
BL
Common Name
Cottony Fireweed
Narrow-leaf Groundesl
Common Billy-buttons
Milky Beaty-heads
Woodland Swamp-daisy
Yam Daisy
Varied Raspwort
Kidneyweed
Shining Pennywort
Poison Lobelia
Swamp Crassula
Common Tussock-grass
Rush Sedge
Sea Rush
Brown-back Wallaby-grass
Common Wallaby-grass
Common Blown-grass
Broad-leaf Rush
Weeping Grass
Australian Salt Grass
Mat Grass
Common Spike-sedge
EVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
LH
MH
MH
MH
LNG
MTG
MTG
MNG
MNG
Rumex crispus
Lotus suaveolens
Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides
Hypochoeris radicata
Holcus lanatus
Phalaris aquatica
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Paspalum distichum
Agrostis capillaris
Common Name
Curled Dock
Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil
Hairy Hawkbit
Cat's Ear
Yorkshire Fog
Toowoomba Canary-grass
Sweet Vernal-grass
Water Couch
Brown-top Bent
Invasive
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
Impact
low
high
low
low
high
high
high
high
high
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 821: Tall Marsh
Description:
Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic
species occur amongst the reeds. Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty
clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour,
and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity.
Life Forms:
Life form
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
#Spp
%Cover
LF code
3
2
6
1
2
1
10%
5%
10%
5%
40%
1%
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MNG
Total understorey projective foliage cover
LF Code
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
LTG
LNG
LNG
LNG
LNG
MNG
MNG
70%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common Name
Myriophyllum verrucosum
Myriophyllum salsugineum
Villarsia reniformis
Rumex bidens
Lilaeopsis polyantha
Lepilaena bilocularis
Lemna disperma
Azolla filiculoides
Wolffia australiana
Mimulus repens
Triglochin procerum s.l.
Juncus ingens
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Phragmites australis
Typha domingensis
Typha orientalis
Lepilaena cylindrocarpa
Eleocharis acuta
Red Water-milfoil
Lake Water-milfoil
Running Marsh-flower
Mud Dock
Australian Lilaeopsis
Small-fruit Water-mat
Common Duckweed
Pacific Azolla
Tiny Duckweed
Creeping Monkey-flower
Water Ribbons
Giant Rush
River Club-sedge
Common Reed
Cumbungi
Broad-leaf Cumbungi
Long-fruit Water-mat
Common Spike-sedge
Recruitment:
Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years
Organic Litter:
10% cover
Weediness:
LF Code
MH
MNG
Typical Weed Species
Common Name
Invasive
Impact
Cotula coronopifolia
Paspalum distichum
Water Buttons
Water Couch
high
high
high
high
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland
Description:
Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high
fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or noneucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common.
+
eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise site condition score as required)
Large trees+:
Species
Eucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)
#/ha
70 cm
15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:
%cover
Character Species
Understorey:
Life form
Immature Canopy Tree+
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub+
Medium Shrub
Small Shrub
Large Herb
Medium Herb
Small or Prostrate Herb
Large Tufted Graminoid
Large Non-tufted Graminoid
Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid
Ground Fern
Scrambler or Climber
Bryophytes/Lichens
Soil Crust
LF Code
MS
MS
SS
LH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
LTG
MTG
MTG
MNG
GF
SC
SC
Common Name
Acacia implexa
Allocasuarina verticillata
Acacia mearnsii
Bursaria spinosa
Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis
15%
Lightwood
Drooping Sheoak
Black Wattle
Sweet Bursaria
Manna Gum
#Spp
3
3
2
3
4
5
1
1
9
3
1
1
na
na
%Cover LF code
5%
10%
10%
5%
5%
10%
5%
5%
5%
25%
5%
5%
5%
10%
10%
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
r Rhagodia parabolica
Hymenanthera dentata s.l.
Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa
Wahlenbergia communis s.l.
Oxalis perennans
Maireana enchylaenoides
Einadia nutans ssp. nutans
Chamaesyce drummondii
Dichondra repens
Austrostipa bigeniculata
Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa
Austrodanthonia setacea
Panicum effusum
Cheilanthes distans
Clematis microphylla
Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg.
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
IT
T
MS
SS
LH
MH
SH
LTG
LNG
MTG
MNG
GF
SC
BL
S/C
Common Name
Fragrant Saltbush
Tree Violet
Ruby Saltbush
Tufted Bluebell
Grassland Wood-sorrel
Wingless Bluebush
Nodding Saltbush
Flat Spurge
Kidney-weed
Kneed Spear-grass
Stiped Wallaby-grass
Bristly Wallaby-grass
Hairy Panic
Bristly Cloak-fern
Small-leaved Clematis
Pink Bindweed
EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
Recruitment:
Continuous
Organic Litter:
20 % cover
Logs:
15 m/0.1 ha+.
5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)
Weediness:
LF Code Typical Weed Species
T
MS
MS
SS
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
LH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
MH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LTG
LNG
LNG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
MTG
SC
Schinus molle
Lycium ferocissimum
Genista monspessulana
Marrubium vulgare
Sonchus oleraceus
Helminthotheca echioides
Lactuca serriola
Sisymbrium officinale
Sonchus asper s.l.
Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus
Echium plantagineum
Centaurium tenuiflorum
Foeniculum vulgare
Hypochoeris radicata
Trifolium arvense var. arvense
Trifolium subterraneum
Trifolium campestre var. campestre
Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium
Lotus suaveolens
Cerastium glomeratum s.l.
Medicago polymorpha
Trifolium glomeratum
Modiola caroliniana
Aptenia cordifolia
Phalaris aquatica
Holcus lanatus
Avena fatua
Nassella trichotoma
Ehrharta longiflora
Briza maxima
Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus
Sporobolus africanus
Vulpia bromoides
Romulea rosea
Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides
Lolium perenne
Dactylis glomerata
Vulpia myuros
Bromus rubens
Avena barbata
Aira caryophyllea
Vicia sativa ssp. sativa
Common Name
Pepper Tree
African Box-thorn
Montpellier Broom
Horehound
Common Sow-thistle
Ox-tongue
Prickly Lettuce
Hedge Mustard
Rough Sow-thistle
Great Mullein
Paterson's Curse
Slender Centaury
Fennel
Cat's Ear
Hare's-foot Clover
Subterranean Clover
Hop Clover
Narrow-leaf Clover
Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil
Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
Burr Medic
Cluster Clover
Red-flower Mallow
Heart-leaf Ice-plant
Toowoomba Canary-grass
Yorkshire Fog
Wild Oat
Serrated Tussock
Annual Veldt-grass
Large Quaking-grass
Soft Brome
Rat-tail Grass
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Onion Grass
False Hair-grass
Perennial Rye-grass
Cocksfoot
Rat's-tail Fescue
Red Brome
Bearded Oat
Silvery Hair-grass
Common Vetch
Invasive Impact
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
high
low
high
low
high
low
high
high
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
high
high
low
high
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
high
high
low
low
low
low
low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005
© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:
•
the copyright owner is acknowledged;
•
no official connection is claimed;
•
the material is made available without charge or at cost; and
•
the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be
directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate
for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
Time Stamping Project: Vegetation mapping and condition assessment
FIGURES
Figure1 to Figure 4 have been removed