ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
[CONFERENCE ABSTRACT]
Jividan W, Shanahan S, Starbucks Coffee Company
Source. 2005. From Bean to Cup: A Starbucks Story [abstract]. In: ASSE Professional Development
Conference and Exposition, 2005 June 12 – 15; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Society of Safety
Engineers.
Because all the authors are members of Starbucks, the little information about packaging
material and coffee types used by Starbucks mentioned in the abstract is considered useful.
[CONFERENCE PAPER]
Schmidt K, Burns P. 2008. Mitigating the Environmental Impact of Coffee Roasting. In: 97th Annual
Convention- Where Coffee Community Connects, 2008 March 8: National Coffee Association.
This paper provides a through description of the roasting process along with detailed
flowcharts and clear diagram while pin pointing the major environmental impacts of roasting.
It suggests solutions in controlling as well as reducing air emissions. The examples of
emission standards presented maybe used in analyzing our output later on in the LCA.
[ELECTRONIC ARTICLE]
Report of the Starbucks Coffee Company/ Alliance for Environmental Innovation Joint Task Force
2000 Apr 15 [Internet]. Available from:
http://www.edf.org/documents/523_starbucks.pdf
This is a LCA conducted by Starbucks to determine the most environment friendly cup to be
used by them. The cup with sleeve model was determined to be the one with least
environmental impacts. It gives us a comprehensive information on the production and
consumption of cups used in Starbucks till today. We can use this to know more about the
inputs and output of the cup used at Starbucks.
Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Coffee Roasting. June 1999. National Pollution
Inventory, Australia. [Internet]. Available from:
http://www.npi.gov.au/publications/emission-estimation-technique/pubs/fcoffee.pdf
This is a very good article providing guidelines on estimating the air emissions for roasting.
Also the source is very good. So we can use this to estimate the air emissions in this LCA.
Coffee Roasting An Overview of Air Quality Regulations. 2006 Oct 10. Small buisness Assistance
Program. Departmeny of Public Health and Environment. [Internet]. Available From:
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/sbap/sbapcoffeefacts.pdf
This PDF gives an overview of the air emisson factors as well as standards in Colorado state.
If unable to track the emission standards for Massachusettes, we might use this as our standard.
[JOURNAL ONLINE]
Humbert S, Loerincik Y, Rossi V, Margni M and Jolliet O. 2009. Life cycle assessment of spray
dried soluble coffee and comparison with alternatives (drip filter and capsule espresso). Journal of
Cleaner Production [Internet]. [cited 2010 March 06]; 17(15): 1351-1358. Available from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VFX-4W6Y7Y81&_user=8989742&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1228152186&_rdoc=2&_orig=search&
_cdi=6022&_sort=r&_st=4&_docanchor=&_ct=1876&_acct=C000044660&_version=1&_urlVersio
n=0&_userid=8989742&_fmt=full&_pii=S0959652609001474&_issn=09596526&md5=e6a9c5c446
717afb7a76a7df37441cf8#bib6
The article presents with substantial data, a comparison of energy uses and environmental
impacts throughout the life cycle of dried soluble coffee and drip filter coffee. It also provides
methods to improve the present analysis to account for the overall environmental impacts
excluded in this as well as many similar studies. This is a fairly recent journal with good data
that we can use in our analysis for energy used and emissions for drip filter coffee. It also
provides other sources that are very useful to us.
Berlin S, Heidelberg.2006. Environmental Profile of Brazilian Green Coffee. The International
Journal of Life Cycle Assessment [Internet]. [cited 2010 March 06]; 11(1): 16-21.
The authors present a concise LCA with a lot of data to portray the energy consumption and
environmental impact of growing Green Coffee in Brazil. It gives a run through of
environmental resources affects by the farming of Coffee.The data is from 2002/03 but will it
be handy in quantifying the effects of commercial farming of coffee if we cannot find a recent
source.
Monte MD, Padoano E, Pozetto D, 2003, Alternative coffee packaging: an analysis from a life cycle
point of view. Journal of Food Engineering [Internet]. [cited 2010 March 06]; 66(2005): 405-411.
Available from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_imagekey=B6T8J-4CF5D8D-8F&_cdi=5088&_user=8989742&_pii=S0260877404001645&_check=y&_orig=search&_coverDate=
02%2F28%2F2005&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtzzSkWA&md5=c7b888d79770a21877eaadd081f2e6a3&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
This paper compares the environmental performances of alternative packaging systems on the
supply of coffee by applying an LCA approach. It provides an insight into the production of
different types of packing materials that we may consider the basis of our calculations for
estimating the resources used and emissions produced by any given packaging material.
[PATENT]
Robinson UA, Cruz JM (2010). U.S. Patent Application Publication No: US 2010/0009039 A1.
Washington D.C. : U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
This is a patent application by Starbucks Corporation for different methods of making of
soluble coffee with enhanced favors and aromas for beverages to be able to reproducing the
same qualities every time. It gave us an idea about how Starbucks preserves the essence and
original aroma of coffee beans.
Schweigert H, Cannell JC, Baker, CA .2006. U.S. Patent No: US D516,424 S. Washington D.C. : U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office
It shows us details about the plastic lids used in cups by Starbucks.
[WEBSITES]
Starbucks U.S. Brands[Internet]. Starbucks. [cited March 6th]. Available from:
http://www.starbucks.com/
This is the official website of Starbucks and it has some comments about everything related
to Starbucks. Almost all our assumptions about Starbucks have directly or indirectly been
taken out of the website. Processes for Starbucks have been described as has been mentioned
in various parts of the webpage. It is one of our important resources in finding specific details
about Starbucks.
Cost Estimates for using electric and Gas Appliances. 2008 [Internet]. Mid American Energy;
[cited 2010 Mar 07]. Available from:
http://www.midamericanenergy.com/ee/include/pdf/ee_cost_estimates.pdf
This brochure provides methods to estimate energy used by different house hold appliances.
We can use the power ratings for Coffee machine in this site to estimate energy used in Elbow
room.