Name: ____________________________
Chapter 2: Weathering and Soil
The Big Question:
Weathering Foldable!
1
Weathering Foldable
Directions:
1. FOLD on the ---- (dotted line)
2. CUT on the
(solid line)
3. PASTE folded paper to page 4
Mechanical
abrasion
4. DEFINE
Weathering
ice wedging
TOP = “Mechanical Weathering”
(definition)
BOTTOM = “Chemical Weathering”
5. LABEL flaps:
FRONT FLAP:
-5 examples of mechanical weathering
-5 examples of chemical weathering
Chemical
Weathering
(definition)
MIDDLE FLAP:
-Colored picture for each example
INSIDE:
-Definition for each example
2
Chapter 2: Weathering and Soil
The Big Question: What Processes Break Down Rock?
I.
Lesson 1: Rocks and Weathering
A.
_______________________________ :
This principle
states that the geologic processes that operate today also
operated in the past.
B.
Erosion: The process of __________ __________ and
__________ _________ rocks by wind, water, _________ or
_________________.
C.
Weathering: Process that _______ ____________ rock and
other substances. _________, cold, _________, ice and gases
all contribute to weathering.
1.
Mechanical Weathering: rock is __________ broken into
smaller pieces
a)
Freezing and __________ - frost wedging: ______
seeps into cracks in rock, freezes, expands, and
breaks the rock
b)
___________________ of pressure
c)
Plant _______________
d)
_________________ actions
e)
Abrasion – wearing away of ______ by rock particles
carried by water, ________, wind or __________.
2.
__________ Weathering: process that breaks _______
rock through __________ changes
3
Define mechanical and chemical weathering and paste your weathering foldable here.
Mechanical Weathering:
Paste Here
Chemical Weathering:
4
a)
Water - dissolving
b)
__________ - oxidation - ___________ combines
with ___________ in the presence of __________.
The product of iron oxidation is _______________.
c)
Carbon ________________
d)
______________ organisms – plant _________
produce weak acids
e)
D.
___________ rain
Two factors affect ______________ of weathering
1.
Type of ____________ - Permeable: Material is full of
___________ , connected air spaces that ___________
water to seep through it.
2.
II.
Climate – faster in __________ and _________ climates
Lesson 2: How Soil Forms
A.
Soil Composition
1.
Loose ___________material on Earth’s ________ in
which plants can grow.
2.
Mixture of _________ particles, minerals, decayed
___________ material, water, and _____________
3.
Range in size from large to small - ___________, sand,
____________ and clay
4.
Bedrock – solid ________ of rock ____________ the soil
5.
Humus – dark-colored substance forms as _________ and
_______________ remains decay
5
Represent and describe the layers of the soil in a soil profile.
6
B.
Soil Fertility – measure of how well __________ supports
_______________ growth
1.
C.
Lots of _______________ = fertile soil
Soil Texture – depends on ________ of __________ particles
1.
____________: soil made up of _________ parts of clay,
sand, and silt
D.
E.
Soil pH – pH scale measures ______________
1.
___________ - below 7
2.
Basic – ________ 7
3.
Neutral 7 – ex. pure __________
Process of Soil Formation - Soil forms as rock is _______
down by weathering and ______ with other materials on the
surface.
1.
Soil ___________ - layer of soil that ________ in color,
__________ and composition from the layers ________
or below it
2.
3 horizons
a)
A horizon - Made up of __________ (crumbly, dark
brown soil that is a mixture of _________, clay, and
other minerals).
b)
___ horizon - Often called ______, usually consists
of clay and other particles of rock, but __________
humus.
c)
C ________ - forms as _______ begins to weather
7
Represent (drawing, graphic organizer, list, poem, etc.) the ways soil
can be conserved.
8
F.
How ______ things affect soil
1.
Forming Humus - ___________: The organisms that
break the remains of ______ organisms into __________
pieces and digest them with chemicals. (Examples: fungi,
bacteria, worms)
2.
__________ the Soil - Animals mix __________ with air
and other materials in the soil
III. Lesson 3: Soil Conservation
A.
Natural ____________ - Anything in the ____________ that
humans use.
1.
________ is one of Earth’s most _____________ natural
resources
B.
C.
Soil _________ and ___________
1.
Loss of _________ - loss of moisture and ____________
2.
________ of Topsoil – due to ____________ erosion.
How can soil be _______________
1.
_____________ plowing - Farmers plow their fields along
the __________ of a slope instead of in ________ rows.
Helps _____________ runoff
2.
Conservation ______________ - _____ weeds and stalks
of the previous year’s crop are plowed into the _______
to help return soil _________, retain moisture, and
_____ soil in place.
3.
Crop ________________ - farmer _________ different
crops in a field each ________________
9