Questions 9.1-9.3 refer to the following quotation.
“…[A]lthough disastrous for American natives, the post-1492 exchange of New and Old
World microbes and plants provided a double boon to Europeans. First, they obtained an expanded food supply that permitted their reproduction at an unprecedented rate.
Second, they acquired access to fertile and extensive new lands largely emptied of native peoples by the exported diseases. In effect, the post-Columbian exchange depleted people on the American side of the Atlantic while swelling those on the
European and African shores. Eventually, the surplus population flowed westward to refill the demographic vacuum created on the American side of the Atlantic world.”
Alan Taylor, American Colonies. The Settling of North America ,
2001
9.1. It is important to remember that the “fertile and extensive new lands” which the
Spanish, French, Dutch and English colonized in the 15 th , 16 th and 17 th centuries had been “largely emptied of native peoples by the exported diseases” because a) most important historical events are caused by climatic and biological changes b) the defeat of the native peoples of the Americas was due largely to their lack of knowledge c) the native peoples failed to prosper despite the fertility of their extensive lands d) European conquest of the native peoples was due primarily to the impact of disease
9.2. The “expanded food supply” made possible by exporting plants such as maize, cassava (manioc), potatoes and sweet potatoes from the Americas, which made possible a significant increase in population in both Europe and Africa, paved the way for the largest population flow westward in the 16 th , 17 th and 18 th centuries a) the African slave trade b) immigration from the British Isles and Western Europe to North America c) immigration from Spain and Portugal to Central and South America d) Irish immigration to the English colonies of North America
9.3. Another important aspect of the post-Columbian exchange (not specifically mentioned in the above quotation) that had a significant impact on the native peoples and their relationship with the European colonizers was the importation into the New
World of a) venereal diseases, especially syphilis b) plants such as tomatoes and cabbage c) animals such as horses and sheep which helped the native peoples resist the
Europeans d) beavers and other fur producing animals which initiated the lucrative fur trade

1. The event depicted in the illustration was a direct result of
A. the Columbian Exchange
B. Bubonic Plague
C. Middle Passage
D. the Columbian Exchange
2. Which of the following is a direct consequence of the decreased Native American population?
A. There were less goods produced for trade.
B. The Europeans brought African slaves to the New World.
C. The Spaniards were able to dominate the North American continent.
D. There was an increased population of mixed raced children
3. How might the illustration tell of the experience of indigenous peoples during European exploration?
A. Indigenous peoples endured disease and death spread from explorers.
B. Explorers educated many by way of the Christian faith.
C. Natives spent much time finding remedies to common illnesses.
D. Europeans opened a window of opportunity for the discovery of many native diseases.

Q1.2. Answer parts a, b, and c a.
Briefly explain one example of a positive interaction between Europeans and Native
Americans from the time period. b.
Briefly explain one example of a NEGATIVE interaction between Europeans and Native
Americans from the time period. c.
Choose one of the following and explain your answer: i.
From a European perspective was the interaction between Europeans and Native
Americans predominately positive or negative. ii.
From a Native American perspective was the interaction between Europeans and
Native Americans predominately positive or negative.