Sagittal Alignment– Evaluation and Applications 3:36 – 3:45 Co-Chairs: Munish C. Gupta, MD; S. Rajasekaran, MD, FRCS, MCh, PhD; Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD Title Speaker The Pathology of Flat Back Syndrome Jean Dubousset, MD Sagittal Parameters: How Should they be Measured? What Virginie Lafage, PhD is Normal and, What is Pathological? How to Account for Thoracic, Spinopelvic and Infrapelvic Themistocles Protopsaltis, MD Compensation During Surgical Planning Cervical Balance: A New Concept Dilip K. Sengupta, MD Surgical Evaluation and Treatment of Cervical Sagittal Christopher P. Ames, MD Plane Malalignment Discussion Sagittal Balance in Spondylolisthesis Hubert Labelle, MD Sagittal Balance, DDD and Lower Back Pain Jean-Charles Le Huec, MD, PhD Sagittal Balance in the Aged and Osteoporotic Spine Vincent Arlet, MD Sagittal Balance in Adult Scoliosis Munish C. Gupta, MD Understanding the Pathology of Proximal Junction Kyphosis Richard H. Gross, MD Prevention of PJK: Can Appropriate Surgical Planning Virginie Lafage, PhD Reduce the Risk? Prevention of PJK- Surgical Strategies to Reduce PJK Robert A. Hart, MD 3:45 – 4:00 4:00 – 4:30 Discussion Panel Discussion: Clinical Dilemmas and Decision Making Time 1:30 – 1:40 1:41 – 1:50 1:51 – 2:00 2:01 – 2:10 2:11 – 2:20 2:21 – 2:35 2:35 – 2:45 2:46 – 2:55 2:56 – 3:05 3:06 – 3:15 3:16 – 3:25 3:26 – 3:35 Moderator: S. Rajasekaran, MD, FRCS, MCh, PhD Panel: Christopher P. Ames, MD; Jean Dubousset, MD; Munish C. Gupta, MD; Robert A. Hart, MD, Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD