Name: _________________________________________________________________ Mr. Shalaby
Date: __________________________________________________________________ Collier High
Period: ________________________________________________________________ World History
Turning Point: The Neolithic Revolution
Discoveries in Africa and Beyond
•
Prehistoric groups did not have cities, countries, organized _____________, or complex
__________________, so clues about them were hard to find.
•
Archaeologists in ____________ Africa started uncovering ancient footprints, bones, and tools.
•
With these first _______________, scholars began to form picture of life during
prehistory.
Ancient Clues Found in East Africa
•
In the 1930s, anthropologists Mary __________ and Louis Leakey started searching for clues to
the human past in a deep canyon in Tanzania called _____________ Gorge.
•
Geologists have dated the bottom layers of Olduvai Gorge to be about _____ to _____ million
•
year.
•
As the Leakeys searched the sides of the gorge, they found very ancient ___________ chopped
from stone.
•
These tools looked simple, with jagged edges and rough _________________, showed
•
that whoever made them had learned to develop ____________ to help them survive.
•
Technology refers to the ____________ and ___________ people use to
meet their basic needs and wants.
•
In 1959, after more than two decades of searching. Mary Leakey found a skull embedded in
ancient rock at Olduvai Gorge that belonged to an early ____________.
•
•
Hominids is a group that include ___________ and their closest relatives.
•
All walk ___________ on two feet.
•
Humans are the only hominids that live today.
Additional evidence of early hominids was found in 1974 by anthropologist Donald
________________ in ________________________.
•
Johnson found many pieces of a single hominid ___________, which was dated to at
least 3 million years ago.
•
For the first time, ______________________ had enough of one skeleton to piece
together and really look at an early hominid.
•
•
Johnson named his historic find “_____________” after a Beatles’ song.
Studying Lucy’s skeleton, Johnson could see that she was an_____________ walker who was
about 4 feet (1.2 meters) tall.
Evidence of Early Hominid Groups
•
Anthropologists _____________ and studied numerous remains and artifacts of hominids.
•
From this work, they have established that a number of ___________ groups of hominids lived
over the course of several million years.
First Finds of Humans Around the World
•
Scientists think that between 250,000 and 100,000 years ago, Homo erectus _____________
and a new group of hominids emerged – Called Homo _______________, the group which
___________ humans belong.
•
•
Two groups of Homo Sapiens arose
•
___________________
•
Earliest Modern humans
Early modern humans eventually spread all over the world, while Neanderthals lived mostly in
______________ and _____________________ sometime between 50,000 and 30,000 years ago.
The Neolithic Revolution
•
Anthropologists divided _______________ into different eras.
•
The period between 2 million B.C. to about 10,000 B.C. is called the
______ Stone Age, or ____________ Period.
•
The period between 10,000 B.C. until the end of prehistory is called the
_______ Stone Age, or ____________ Period.
•
During both eras, people created and used various types of __________ tools. However,
during the New Stone Age, people began to develop new _________ and technologies
that led to dramatic changes in their everyday lives.
Skills and Beliefs of the Old Stone Age
•
Early modern humans were _____________ – people who move from one place to
another to find food.
•
About 20 or 30 people lived together in small ___________, or groups.
•
They were _____________ gatherers.
•
Men _________ and/or fished.
•
Women and children ___________ berries, fruits, nuts, grains, roots or
shellfish.
Humans Developed Strategies for Survival
•
Early people depended heavily on their _____________ for food and shelter.
•
They also found ways to ____________ their surroundings to their needs.
•
Early humans made tools and _____________ out of the materials at hand
– Stone, bone or wood.
•
•
They built _________ for cooking and used animal skins for ___________.
Early modern humans developed spoken _____________, which allowed them to
_______________ during the hunt and perhaps discuss plans for the future.
Humans Developed Strategies for Survival
•
Some Old Stone Age people also learned to _____________ across water.
•
People boated from Southeast Asia to _______________ at least 40,000
years ago most likely using __________ or _____________.
•
They may have stopped for years at ____________ along the way.
Early Religious Beliefs
•
Toward the end of the Old Stone Age, people began to leave ___________ of their belief
in a _____________ world.
•
About 100,000 years ago, some people began ____________ their dead with great care.
•
•
They may suggest in the belief of life after ___________.
Old Stone Age people may have believed the ____________ would be similar to life in
this world and thus provided the dead with ____________, weapons, and other needed
goods to take with them.
•
Our ____________ believed the world was full of __________ and forces that might
reside in animals, objects, or dreams.
•
Such beliefs are known as ____________.
The New Stone Age Begins with Farming
•
By _________________ their own food, people no longer need to roam in search of
food.
•
As a result, early ___________ settled the first __________ village and developed new
skills and technologies.
•
This transition from nomadic life to settled farming is called _____________
Revolution.
People Domesticate Plants and Animals
•
These early farmers were the first humans to ___________ plants and animals.
•
•
To raise them in a ___________ way that makes them best suited to human use.
The ________ was probably the first animal to be domesticated, at least 15,000 years ago.
Neolithic Revolution Brings Dramatic Change
•
The advances of the Neolithic Revolution led to a new stage of development – the
emergence of cities and ____________________.