Landscape genetics of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) across its Asian range
Tree Genetics and Genomes
Paola Pollegioni, Keith E. Woeste, Francesca Chiocchini, Irene Olimpieri, Virginia Tortolano, Jo Clark, Gabriel E. Hemery, Sergio Mapelli, Maria E. Malvolti
C.N.R. Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, viale Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, Terni, Italy.
paola.pollegioni@ibaf.cnr.it
ESM_1. List of 76 fossil pollen sites from Asia considered in this study. The geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, elevation) and first occurrence of
Juglans-type fossil pollen (radiocarbon-dating) were recorded for each site.
Country
Site name
Latitude
Longitude
Kyrgyzstan
Ak Terek
Nizhnee Lake
Verkhnee Lake
Ortok Lake
Kosh Sas
Bakaly Lake
Kichikol Lake
Chernyshov Bay
Shukan
Thulo Pokhari
Lake Rukche
Lake Tso Kar
Dokriani Valley
Butapathri Lake
Surinsar Lake
Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal Lake
Wadda Lake
Kuruksai
Darai Kalon
Huguangyan Maar Lake
Jingou River
40°27’00’’N
41°18’00’’N
41°18’00’’N
41°14’00’’N
41°51’00’’N
41°52’00’’N
39°59’00’’N
45°58’52’’N
36°23’00’’N
27°41’00’’N
28°17’74’’N
33°10’00’’N
30°48’00’’N
34°04’30’’N
32°45’00’’N
29°20’00’’N
29°33’30’’N
38°06’00’’N
37°54’43’’N
21°09’00’’N
44°10’00’’N
72°45’00’’E
72°57’00’’E
72°50’00’’E
73°15’00’’E
71°58’00’’E
71°58’00’’E
73°33’00’’E
59°14’45’’E
73°07’00’’E
87°43’00’’E
84°46’55’’E
78°00’00’’E
78°40’00’’E
74°18’30’’E
75°02’00’’E
79°35’00’’E
80°17’30’’E
69°01’00’’E
69°46’51’’E
110°17’0’’E
85°27’04’’E
Kazakhstan
Pakistan
Nepal
India
Tajikistan
China
Elevation
(m)
1748
1371
1440
1786
1786
1879
2541
53
3360
3980
3500
4527
3763
3000
637
1219
1500
2972
2000
23
900
1
Age
cal. yr BP
7500
1560
1600
850
3700
6800
1930
1450
5748
11.000
17.897
15.000
12.406
17.000
8200
30.000
30.080
11.700
11.700
11.600
~ 23 Ma
References
Beer et al. (2008)
Beer et al. (2008)
Beer et al. (2008)
Beer et al. (2008)
Beer et al. (2008)
Beer et al. (2008)
Beer et al. (2007)
Sorrel et al. (2007)
Miehe et al. (2009)
Yonebayashi and Minaki (1997)
Schlüts and Zech (2004)
Demske et al. (2009)
Bhattacharyya et al. (2011)
Kusumgar et al. (1986)
Trivedi and Chauhan (2009)
Kotlia et al. (1997)
Kotlia et al. (2000)
Dodonov and Baiguzina (1995)
Dodonov et al. (2006)
Wang et al. (2007)
Tang et al. (2011)
Georgia
Russia
Iran
Taxihe River
Lhasa
Qaidam Basin
Sumxi Lake
Erhai Lake
Erhai Lake
Anyang
Dajiuhu
Dajiuhu
Dadiwan
Sujiawan
Jinchuan
Sihailongwan Lake
Yellow River Delta
Yellow River Delta
Taishizhuang
Bayanchagan
Diaojiao lake
Yangtze River
Yangtze River
Chao Lake
Poyang Lake
Gadachrili Gora
Dzudzuana Cave
Dmanisi
Lake Bazaleti
Imera lake
Supsa River
Akhali Ateni
Ispani
Gagra
Adange
Khodzal
Sibista
Amtqel
Treugol’naya Cave
Lake Urmia
Lake Zeribar
Lake Almalou
44°09’00’’N
29°10’00’’N
38°22’47.8’’N
34°30’00’’N
25°58’00’’N
25°36’00’’N
36°5’4’’N
31°29’08’’N
31°29’27’’N
35°00’47’’N
35°32’20’’N
42°20’00’’N
42°17’00’’N
37°40.5’02’’N
37°47.8’02’’N
40°21.5’00’’N
41°65’00’’N
41°18’00’’N
32°15’00’’N
32°37’00’’N
31°31’47.1’’N
28°52’00’’N
41°39’61’’N
42°30’00’’N
41°19’00’’N
42° 2′ 20.4″N
41° 35' 29N
42° 0' 33"N
43°00’00’’N
41°51’47’’N
43°17'0"N
43°18'20"N
42°57'15"N
43°14'0"N
43°16'5"N
44°05’00’’
37°35'0"N
35°32'00"N
37°39'55"N
86°20’00’’E
91°04’00’’E
91°44’53.43’’E
80°15’00’’E
100°18’00’’E
100°05’00’’E
114°24’05’’E
110°00’07’’E
109°59’45’’E
105°54’53’’E
104°31’22’’E
126°26’00’’E
126°36’00’’E
118°28.7’00’’E
118°54.3’00’’E
115°49.5’00’’E
115°21’00’’E
112°21’00’’E
120°14’00’’E
120°23’00’’E
117°22’29.8’’E
116°15’00’’E
44°82’10’’E
43°31’00’’E
44°21’00’’E
44° 40′ 40.8″E
44° 5' 13"E
41° 51' 37"E
40°59’00’’E
41°48’40’’E
40°16'0"E
41°20'0" E
41°54'40"E
41°25'50"E
41°18'30"E
41°00’00’’E
45°28'0"E
46°07'00"E
46°37'55"E
1000
3648
2736
5058
1974
1974
67
1751
1760
1400
1700
662
791
5.5
4.9
500
1355
1800
5.91
2.48
20
14.1
370
560
1015
874
1600
30
0
0
4
1750
2030
2160
1830
1500
1265
1288
2491
2
~ 23 Ma
600
3.1 Ma
12.700
8800
12.950
11.500
40.000
13.000
9000
10.000
10.800
11.200
3365
12.500
5500
11.100
10.175
11.735
12.940
9260
10.240
7600
24.000
1.7 Ma
2570
2360
1260
6300
1900
5754
3945
441
1633
1612
393.000
1845
3492
2000
Sun and Zhang (2008)
Miehe et al. (2006)
Cai et al. (2012)
Van Campo and Gasse (1993)
Yang et al. (2005).
Shen et al. (2005)
Cao et al. (2010)
Li et al. (2012)
Zhu et al. (2006)
An et al. (2003)
An et al. (2003)
Jiang et al. (2008)
Stebich et al. (2009)
Yi et al. (2003)
Yi et al. (2003)
Tarasov et al. (2006)
Jiang et al. (2006)
Shi and Song (2003)
Yi and Saito. (2004)
Yi and Saito (2004)
Chen et al. (2009)
Jiang and Piperno (1999)
Kvavadze EV (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net/data/)
Bar-Yosef et al. (2011)
Messager et al. (2011)
Kvavadze and Connor (2005)
Kvavadze and Connor (2005)
Kvavadze and Connor (2005)
Kvavadze and Connor (2005)
Connor et al. (2007)
Kvavadze (1982)
Kvavadze and Rukhadze (1989)
Kvavadze and Rukhadze (1989)
Kvavadze and Rukhadze (1989)
Kvavadze et al. (1987)
Doronichev (2000)
Bottema (1986)
Bottema S (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net/data/)
Djamali et al. (2009a)
Iraq
Israel
Syria
Turkey
Lake Maharlou
Shanidar Cave
Lake Kinneret
Dead Sea-Ze’elim
Bouara
Ghab Valley
Marmara Sea
Lake Manyas
Beysehir Gölü I
Kararmik Batakligi
Sögüt Gölü
Köycegiz Gölü
Lake Van
Ova Gölü
Gölhisar Gölü
Sagalassos
29°30'00"N
36°50'00"N
32°42'00"N
31° 20′00″N
35°14'00"N
35°39'00"N
40°50’00’’N
40°12’00’’N
37°32'30" N
38°25'30" N
36°59'51"N
36°52'30"N
38°30'0"N
36°16'00"N
37°08'00"N
37° 40′ 41″N
52°50'00"E
44°13'00"E
35°50'00"E
35° 30′00″E
41°11'00"E
36°15'00"E
26°00’00’’E
28°00’00’’E
31°30'00"E
30°48'0" E
29°53'54"E
28°38'30"E
43°00'00"E
29°18'00"E
29°36'00"E
30° 31′ 10″E
1455
745
-209
-420
210
240
1080
14
1120
1000
1400
20
1645
20
930
1470
5300
44.000
2362
2344
2990
5010
5000
2500
3505
6186
2647
4306
8175
3538
2600
2200
Djamali et al. (2009b)
Henry et al. (2011)
Baruch (1986)
Neumann et al. (2007)
Gremmen and Bottema (1991)
Yasuda et al. (2000)
Cordova et al. (2009)
Cordova et al. (2009)
Bottema S (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net/data/)
Van Zeist et al. (1975)
Van Zeist et al. (1975)
Bottema S (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net/data/)
Van Zeist and Woldring. (1978)
Bottema S (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net/data/)
Eastwood et al. (1999)
Vermoere et al. (2001)
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9